Dosage Forms Research Articles

Influence of multiple compression phases during tableting of spray dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae on microbial survival and physical–mechanical tablet properties

The viability of probiotic microorganisms is essential for their health-promoting effects and must be preserved in the best possible way during the production of the final dosage form, such as tablets. This applies to both drying and tableting. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is spray-dried with suitable protective additives, which were identified in a previous study in which also the influence of the formulation during tableting was investigated. One aspect that has not yet been addressed is the effect of multiple compression, as it is typical with pre- and main compression when using rotary tablet presses. To investigate this, tablets are compressed up to five times. It is shown that when tablet strength and survival are considered together, the application of a pre- and main pressure does not have a significant effect. This facilitates the transferability of findings of compaction studies with a single compression phase. In addition, the data allow to consolidate the mechanism of inactivation of microorganisms during tableting found in previous studies by the same authors. This is based on the porosity reduction, whereby it is shown in the present study that it is irrelevant how this reduction is achieved (change in compression stress or the number of compression cycles).

Stability indicating RP-HPLC method development and validation for quantification of impurities in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Elagolix): Robustness study by quality by design.

The purpose of this research was to establish and validate a reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of Elagolix impurities in pharmaceutical dosage form. Mobile phase A, consisting of 10mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH6.0) and acetonitrile in a 95:5v/v ratio, and mobile phase B, containing 85:10:5v/v/v of acetonitrile, Milli-Q water, and methanol, were used to achieve the method's specificity in the analytical column Kromasil 100-C18 (250 mm × 4.6mm, 5μm). The gradient program includes (%B/Time [min]: 36/0, 36/10, 38/15, 85/55, 85/65, 36/67, and 36/75). The flow rate is 0.8mL/min. The overall run duration is 75.0min, the injection volume is 10.0μL, and the detection is at 210 nm in UV. The samples were subjected to hydrolysis, oxidation, and heat conditions in order to facilitate their forced degradation. The procedure was validated and determined with the standards of ICH guidelines. From the LOQ to a concentration level of 200%, the linearity of the technique was ascertained. An accuracy range of LOQ to 150% was established for the method, and the average recovery was acceptable. Design of experiments, part of the quality by design idea, was used to prove the method's reliability.

DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL SINGLE HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF MULTIPLE IMPURITIES IN DEXAMETHASONE DRUG PRODUCT

Objective: A simple, reliable, and rapid HPLC method has been established for the detection of Dexamethasone (DEX) and its related impurities. The proposed method has been validated for specificity, linearity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD, and LOQ as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. All parameters were found to be within the accepted limits, affirming the method's reliability. Methods: Analysis was conducted using HPLC on X-Bridge C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm id, 3.5 µm) with a mobile phase-A comprising buffer and acetonitrile (90:10, v/v), mobile phase-B comprising buffer and acetonitrile (25:75, v/v) and a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min by following gradient elution. The detection was performed with a UV detector set at 240 nm. The method has been employed to investigate DEX and DEX-related impurities. These studies were conducted in tablet formulations of DEX. Results: The Retention Time (tR) of DEX was about 41.589 min, and all parameters met acceptable limit values. The response exhibited linearity over a concentration range of 0.162 to 3.052 µg/ml (R2= 0.9999). The percentage of DEX recovered from the pharmaceutical tablet dosage form ranged from 96.3 % to 100.4 %. Sensitivity levels for the developed method were indicated by LOD and LOQ values of 0.081–0.162 µg/ml. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guideline. Conclusion: Hence, a simple, reliable, accurate, and precise HPLC method was developed, proving suitable for the separation of DEX and DEX-related impurities in commercial formulations.

A REVIEW HPLC AND UV METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CIDOFOVIR IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Cidofovir is an antiviral agent primarily used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This review summarizes the analytical methods developed for estimating Cidofovir, an antiviral used in treating cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Emphasis is placed on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and related techniques, discussing method development, validation, and application across various pharmaceutical dosage forms such as tablets and injectables. The review also highlights the role of HPLC in pharmacokinetic studies and explores recent advancements like nanoparticle drug delivery systems to improve Cidofovir bioavailability. Challenges related to Cidofovir stability, solubility, and renal excretion are also discussed.

A Comprehensive Review on Imperative Role of Ionic Liquids in Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are poorly-coordinated ionic salts that can exist as a liquid at room temperatures (or <100 °C). ILs are also referred to as "designer solvents" because so many of them have been created to solve particular synthetic issues. ILs are regarded as "green solvents" because they have several distinctive qualities, including better ionic conduction, recyclability, improved solvation ability, low volatility, and thermal stability. These have been at the forefront of the most innovative fields of science and technology during the past few years. ILs may be employed in new drug formulation development and drug design in the field of pharmacy for various functions such as improvement of solubility, targeted drug delivery, stabilizer, permeability enhancer, or improvement of bioavailability in the development of pharmaceutical or vaccine dosage formulations. Ionic liquids have become a key component in various areas such as synthetic and catalytic chemistry, extraction, analytics, biotechnology, etc., due to their superior abilities along with highly modifiable potential. This study concentrates on the usage of ILs in various pharmaceutical applications enlisting their numerous purposes from the delivery of drugs to pharmaceutical synthesis. To better comprehend cuttingedge technologies in IL-based drug delivery systems, highly focused mechanistic studies regarding the synthesis/preparation of ILs and their biocompatibility along with the ecotoxicological and biological effects need to be studied. The use of IL techniques can address key issues regarding pharmaceutical preparations such as lower solubility and bioavailability which plays a key role in the lack of effectiveness of significant commercially available drugs.

Development of the novel formulations of perospirone for the treatment of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness. Its clinical features include positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders), negative symptoms (avolition, anhedonia, poverty of thought, social withdrawal), and cognitive dysfunction. A large number of antipsychotic drugs with traditional dosage forms are available to mitigate the symptoms of schizophrenia but the duration of action is commonly short, often requiring frequent administration. The perospirone hydrochloride hydrate (PER), as a second-generation antipsychotic drug, shows therapeutic effects on both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, with less impact on cognitive function. However, it suffers from a short half-life, fluctuating blood concentration, instability in the circulating leading to peak-trough fluctuations, and poor patient compliance due to the required frequent administration. Based on the hydrophilic matrix, we developed novel formulations of PER, including the extended-release and the controlled-release tablets of PER. The resulting formulations delayed the drug release and prolonged the persistence of PER, leading to an extended half-life and reduced fluctuations in blood concentration with stable therapeutic levels and an improved absorption with higher bioavailability, thus reducing dosing frequency. These oral extended-release and controlled-release tablets promise to alleviate patients' medication discomfort and provide long-term sustained drug release. They would provide a platform with broad prospects for the clinical treatment of schizophrenia.

Advanced Technologies in Rectal Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Innovations and Future Prospects

Abstract: Rectal Drug Delivery System (RDDS) emerges as an alternative administration route due to the rectum's small surface area and limited enzyme activity, which contribute to efficient drug absorption. RDDS offers various advantages, such as reduced first-pass metabolism, rapid absorption of low molecular weight drugs, and the ability to accommodate large retention volumes and facilitate absorption via the lymphatic system. Moreover, RDDS is preferable for drugs with low stability, solubility, and permeability via oral administration, as well as effectively addressing concerns related to gastric irritation or degradation. This review delves into the factors influencing drug absorption in RDDS, including drug properties, formulation types, and physiological and pathology-associated considerations. It further explores conventional RDDS, including enemas, suppositories, tablets, gels, sprays, ointments, and creams, as well as novel approaches involving nanoparticles, liposomes, microspheres, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in rectal dosage forms. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of RDDS in treating rectal diseases are discussed. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of RDDS, highlighting the importance of continuous research and development in enhancing patient outcomes and advancing healthcare practices.

Sodelovanje in vztrajanje bolnikov z multiplo sklerozo pri zdravljenju z zdravili

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that presents the second highest cause of disability among young adults in their thirties. Medication treatments are based on parenteral and novel oral disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for their simple dosage form, increased efficacy, and safety. Medication adherence (MA) assesses the extent to which patients’ medication administration corresponds with the agreed-upon treatment recommendations from health-care providers. Medication persistence (MP) is part of the MA continuum and defined as the interval between the initiation and last dose of the applied medication immediately preceding discontinuation. Adherence measures are based on medication availability and gaps over the period it is dispensed. Medication adherence in persons with MS is complex due to disease chronicity and more demanding routes of administration. Adherence is higher in patients on oral compared to older injectable parenteral treatment. Younger age, female gender, and longer disease course are key risk factors leading to lower adherence, which declines substantially after six months of treatment. The association of disability with adherence remains unknown. The major adherence barriers in the course of treatment are adverse effects, injectophobia, and dosage frequency. Common non-adherence reasons among patients are forgetfulness, depression, and fatigue. Medication non-adherence is associated with lower health and economic outcomes. Interventions for increasing MA in persons with MS are complex and individualized. Overcoming adherence barriers in MS should be aimed at injectophobia, coping with adverse effects, and increasing beliefs towards treatment necessity.

Analytical Method Developement and Validation of Beclomethasone, Clotrimazole, Ofloxacin, Lidocaine by RP-HPLC in Combination Dosage Form

A rapid and precise method (in accordance with ICH guidelines) is required for the quantitative simultaneous determination of drugs in a combined pharmaceutical dosage form. The pursuit of desired quality is a continual challenge for pharmaceutical industries, necessitating a meticulous approach known as validation. Sensitive and specific RP-HPLC method involving UV detection was carried for determination and quantification of various drug in combination dosage form. The aim is "Analytical Method developement and Validation of Beclomethasone, Clotrimazole, Ofloxacin, Lidocaine by RP- HPLC In Combination Dosage Form " as per ICH guidelines. The developed method was validated for various parameters as per ICH guidelines like system suitability, specificity, linearity, system precision, method precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness. The separation method was carried out by using a mobile phase A consisting of Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (0.05M): Methanol 45:55 v/v) pH 3.5 ± 0.1 and Mobile phase B comprises Acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 v/v. The detection was carried out by using UV detector at 300nm. The column was Agilent C 18 (250X4.6mm) 5µ. The flow rate was selected as 1.5 ml/min. The retention time of Ofloxacin, Lidocaine, Beclomethasone, and Clotrimazole, was found to be 5.67, 9.44, 18.29, and 21.85 respectively.

Various drugs used in oral disintegration tablet formulation

Oral drug administration is more widely accepted because it is used to provide between 50 and 60 percent of medications. The solid dosage forms are commonly utilized since they are simple to administer, precise in their dosage forms, beneficial for self-medication, and preventive of discomfort, and last but not least, the excellent level of patient adherence. The capsules and tablets are the most widely used solid dose form administered orally. Aside from ingesting it does not possess any noteworthy drawbacks. Water plays a crucial function in this swallowing process. Even following this, some people had difficulty swallowing. In order to prevent these issues, mouth dissolving tablets were developed. They have the benefit of not requiring water and don't require swallowing because they dissolve or disintegrate in saliva. In light of the design it began to behave in two ways: first, some tablets disintegrated quickly, taking just a few moments in saliva. Another kind of tablet is known as a "first disintegration tablet" since it contains some substances that slowed down the tablet's rate of breakdown. Review attention was drawn to the concise talk about mouth dissolving tablets and the most recent versions available.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of itraconazole from pellets: an efficient approach for the recovery of active pharmaceutical compounds from solid dosage forms

IntroductionItraconazole is a widely used broad-spectrum antifungal drug on a global scale. However, its poor water solubility necessitates the development of advanced formulations for its effective use. Currently, itraconazole is available commercially in capsule form, with pellets containing the active drug. The extraction of itraconazole from these granules is often required when developing new formulations. Extracting active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from pellets is crucial in ensuring precise and consistent dosing when producing pharmaceutical dosage forms. Surprisingly, no existing methods for extracting itraconazole from pellets have been reported thus far.ObjectiveTherefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate an efficient method for extracting this API from pellets.MethodsTwo extraction methods were assessed: conventional Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction.Results and DiscussionThe results demonstrated that ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly outperformed the conventional method, yielding higher amounts of itraconazole with a high purity level of 96.8%.

АНАЛИЗ ОБЪЕМА ПРОДАЖ КОМБИНИРОВАННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ДЛЯ СИМПТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ОСТРЫХ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ВИРУСНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ И ПРОРАБОТКА АССОРТИМЕНТА АНТИГРИППИНА НА ПРИМЕРЕ АПТЕКИ ГОРОДА КАЗАНИ

There is strong competition between pharmacy providers. The abundance of advertising allows the public to be relatively informed in the variety of medicines offered by suppliers. All of the above, including high rent for inventory storage space, emphasizes the problem of the need for rational assortment formation. Only a properly created assortment of goods will allow the pharmacy to compete in the eyes of consumers, not to lose regular customers and to acquire new ones. With effective management of the product assortment can increase the income of the pharmacy due to the lack of unsatisfied demand. It is also possible to reduce the number of sales lost due to lack of goods, to accelerate the turnover of goods, to reduce the cost of storing medicines. Currently, there is a variety of combination medicines offered by suppliers to combat several symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections. The article presents the results of ABC-analysis, XYZ-analysis and their combination on the example of the assortment of dosage forms of antigrippin of the pharmacy of the state network of the city of Kazan. The distribution of antigrippin assortment into groups is shown and recommendations on the strategy of the pharmacy manager in relation to each of the groups are offered. The fact that these are seasonally consumed commodities with medium forecasting capabilities makes it difficult to plan the procurement of combination medicines to control several symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections. After combining the results of ABC XYZ analysis, it was found that antigrippin pharmacy-made antigrippin and antigrippin effervescent tablets are commodity items with a low share of turnover and number of sales units. They showed a medium degree of forecast reliability due to unstable demand. Antigrippin express powder, antigrippin - ANVI capsules and Vicks Antigripp Max powder made up the majority of the assortment, a small share of the turnover of antigrippin dosage forms and the number of sales units. These products showed low forecast reliability due to non-constant demand and generated little profit. This could be due to the fact that the consumer did not have sufficient information about these products.

РАЗРАБОТКА МЯГКОЙ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ ФОРМЫ НА ОСНОВЕ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ ОЛЕНЬЕГО МХА (CLADONIA RANGIFERINA), ОБЛАДАЮЩЕГО АНТИСЕПТИЧЕСКИМ ДЕЙСТВИЕМ

Relevance. Contemporary realities dictate the need to search for and create new medicines, including extracts obtained from plant raw materials. The use of medicinal plants often turns out to be more favorable in terms of economic and therapeutic effectiveness, sometimes very profitable. This is especially true with regard to drugs against infectious pathogens, since many of them have developed resistance to antibiotics. Lichens are known to contain substances with antibacterial properties. Among the extracted components from lichens, usnic acid is considered one of the most promising. Work is underway to include it in the composition of dosage forms for treatment. The development of drugs for external use that contain usnic acid is considered the most studied and preferred. The aim Design of a soft medicinal form (gel) based on vegetable raw materials of Deer moss (Cladonia rangiferina), which has an antiseptic effect. Materials and methods. The materials for the creation of an antiseptic gel were: usnic acid extract isolated from Deer moss (Cladonia rangiferina); substances that form the basis of gel dosage forms (carbopol, polyethylene glycol). 3 experimental series of gel containing usnic acid have been produced. Their organoleptic and physico-chemical properties have been studied. The results of the study. Based on the results of a series of experiments, the best composition for the preparation and production of a gel containing usnic acid was determined. It includes the following component ratios: extract of usninic acid from alcohol berry 1:10 (20 ml); carbopol (0.8 g); polyethylene glycol-6000 (0.1 g). The conclusion the optimal composition of an antiseptic gel containing usnic acid has been determined. A recipe has been compiled for the manufacture of gel based on vegetable raw materials of Deer moss.

An integrated paradigm between green analytical chemistry and quality-by-design for robust analysis of alcaftadine and ketorolac tromethamine in aqueous humor via sustainable chromatographic methods

The field of pharmaceutical industry has witnessed the launch of a new co-formulated eye drop, composed of alcaftadine and ketorolac tromethamine, for alleviating allergic conjunctivitis. Such new formulation evokes the need for a sensitive, robust and fast analytical method capable of their quantification in their dosage form, in aqueous humor for pharmaco-kinetics studies as well as in presence of plausible degradation products. In this work, two validated stability-indicating chromatographic methods were developed for alcaftadine and ketorolac assaying with good adherence to values of green analytical chemistry. Drugs stabilities were tested under various stress conditions where drugs showed liability for oxidative degradation only. For the first chromatographic method, an integrated merger between analytical quality-by-design and green analytical chemistry was implemented via a UPLC method coupled with photo-diode array detector. A short C18 analytical column of 100 mm was utilized with mobile phase of ethanol: aqueous solution pH 4.0 containing 0.1% triethylamine (40: 60, by volume). Second method was thin layer chromatographic one using HPTLC silica plates as a stationary phase and a developing system of dichloromethane: ethanol (5:4, by volume). Both methods achieved to selectively quantify the studied drugs with high accuracy and precision without any interference from degradation products or related excipients in eye drops. The methods were also successfully exploited for ALF and KTC assaying in rabbit aqueous humor, with no need for prior extraction procedures, for further pharmacokinetic studies. Finally, usage of green solvents gives us the advantage of applying various evaluation tools to conclude method greenness.

A new method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of ramipril and telmisartan by RP-HPLC method in combined dosage form

The present research work was development and validation of new RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Ramipril and Telmisartan in combined dosage form. In simultaneous RP-HPLC method development, Waters 2695 Separations Module with PDA Detector and column used is C8 SB ZORBAX (150 X 4.6mm) column with 3.5-micron particle size. Injection volume of 10 µL is injected and eluted with the mobile phase selected after optimization was Phosphate buffer and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 70:30 was found to be ideal. The optimized flow rate was at 1.0 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 230 nm. This system produced symmetric peak shape, good resolution and reasonable retention times of Ramipril and Telmisartan were found to be 2.275 and 4.261 minutes respectively. The Ramipril and Telmisartan showed linearity in the range of 20-60 µg/mL and 160-480 µg/mL respectively. The %RSD values for precision was found to be within the acceptable limit, which revealed that the developed method was precise. The developed method was found to be robust and the %RSD value for percentage recovery of Ramipril and Telmisartan was found to be within the acceptance criteria. The results indicate satisfactory accuracy of method for simultaneous estimation of the Ramipril and Telmisartan.

Assessment of use and Awareness of Diclofenac in Syria

Diclofenac, known as diclone in Syria, is the most widely used drug in multiple medical conditions. This research was conducted to assess the use and awareness of diclofenac in Syria through a survey. 601 responses were included in this research.Most participants were female (67.7%), between the ages of 18 and 30 years (82.9%), and did not have a chronic disease (86.3%). More than half of the participants were university students (53.4%). A high proportion of the participants had a university education level (87.7%). The most commonly used dosage form for diclofenac was tablets among participants(70.9%). 43.8% chose 50mg as the dose of diclofenac. Most participants improved after using diclofenac (73.7%). Participants were satisfied after diclofenac treatment (66.56%). Most had no side effects after treatment with diclofenac (79.5%). 81.3% of the participants who experienced side effects suffered from stomach pain. Fortunately, 84.4% of the participants did not use the injection combining diclofenac with cortisone and an antibiotic. 56.38% used this combination to treat respiratory infections. A minority of the participants experienced allergic reactions after taking this medication (4%). More than two-thirds of the participants will continue to use diclofenac for pain management in the future (65.9%).77.9% of the participants used diclofenac without a prescription. Most participants used this medicine after a meal (82%). 36.6% of the participants recorded half an hour as the onset of diclofenac. The participants reported an action duration of 6 hours (24.5%) and 8 hours (31%). This study confirmed the high use of diclofenac among the Syrians. A good level of awareness was observed among the surveyed participants.

Selenium Nanoparticles: Cut-edge Therapeutic Entity

Selenium is a significant trace microelement responsible for detoxification and supporting the health of human beings. Selenium is consumed as a part of dietary supplements where in it has a very narrow margin for its physiological role and the toxic effects produced. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNP) have proven significant as a chemoprotective agent in treatment of the neurodegenerative conditions, diabetes, and antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. The present review briefs the requirement of selenium and its various methods of preparation. Further emphasizing on the application of SeNP for the treatment of various disease conditions. A literature search on Science Direct, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, was done and the recent articles regarding the preparation of Selenium NP by chemical and biological techniques including microbial conversions and using plant extracts along with physical conversions were studied. Further diversified applications were looked for where SeNP can exhibit antioxidant properties as Se is an innate member of the antioxidant system. Summarizing the review on SeNP has been more exciting as Se as an element is known as trace element but phytofabricated and biogenic preparations of SeNP having low toxicity with synergistic effects. Toxicity studies indicate the safety of SeNP as compared to selenium oxide and itsinorganic salts, however in-depth study and species-to-species variation must be understoodto formulate the SeNP in the appropriate dosage form. Various techniques have been studied for the preparation of SeleniumNanoparticles and havethe potential for application in the treatment of various lifethreateningdiseases and metabolic disorders, infectious conditions. The synergistic effect of Se and the plants or microorganisms known for their medicinal application reduces the toxicity of the selenium nanoparticles when compared within organic salts. Further extensive studies on the epidemiology regarding the variation in serum level of Se and its administration as a supplement or therapeutic purpose can be a cut-edge treatment for life-threatening conditions.

Stability Studies of a Tetraethyl Orthosilicate-Based Thixotropic Drug Delivery System

Background/Objectives: This study assessed the effects of formulation components on the long-term stability of a previously described tetraethyl orthosilicate-based drug delivery system. Early stability studies of a product concept are crucial not only to provide information on the overall system stability and individual components’ contributions to it, but also to identify opportunities for dosage form optimization and to define its use case. Methods: We assessed the time-dependent thixogel properties—specifically, mechanical strength, thixotropy, release of model drug, and dry substance—in both real-time and accelerated shelf-life determination set-ups. Results: Our findings indicate that the concentration and molecular weight of hyaluronic acid, one of the main constituents of the investigated thixotropic systems, are key determinants of formulation stability. We further showed that changes in both of these parameters reflect on the drug release properties and stiffness of the formulation and could inform subsequent product development based on several use cases. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides an understanding of some key factors that would need to be considered prior to and in the final product development process of thixogels in preparation for commercialization.

Formulation of Polyethylene Glycol Based Ibuprofen Nanosuppository Preparations and Assesment of Dissolution

Ibuprofen is widely formulated in oral and rectal dosage forms. Ibuprofen in the rectal route shows c max and t max longer than syrup preparations, this is due to the low solubility of ibuprofen. Nanoparticles are one of the technologies that are widely used to increase the solubility of an active substance. Nanoscale particle size, can increase the solubility of ibuprofen and allow dose reduction. This study aims to formulate ibuprofen nanosuppository preparations, and test the percent dissolution of nanosuppositories compared to conventional suppositories. The ibuprofen nanosuppository formulation consists of ibuprofen lipid component and PEG mix component (PEG 4000: PEG 6000). The ibuprofen lipid component consisted of ibuprofen VCO oil, tween 80 and propylenglycol. This lipid component was then tested for physical characteristics, transmittance, particle size and zeta potential, then the lipid was added to the suppository base component. The responses observed were disintegration time, hardness, and non-intrinsic dissolution efficiency. The test results showed transmittance values of 91.98%, 92.99%, 93.26%. Particle size and potential zeta values of FI = 107, 5 nm, FII 102 nm and FIII 103 nm. The zeta potential were -16.19 mV, -12.44 and -13.25 mV in the lipid component. The test results of the disintegration time of F1, F2, F3 nanosuppositories were 12 minutes, 11 minutes and 10 minutes. The hardness of F1, F2, and F3 were 1.53 kg, 1.43 kg and 1.26 kg and the dissolution efficiency value was higher than conventional suppositories. Modification of ibuprofen nanosuppositories had a significant effect on the percent dissolution of ibuprofen.

Nanosuspension: A Novel Drug Delivery System

It is over past two years ago. It has technology has been developed R&amp; D pharmaceutical business. Nanotechnology is science is deals with the process that occurs at Molecular level and Nanolength scale size, Nano refer to the particle size range is 1- 1000 micrometre. Nano suspension can be used in oral, topical parenteral and pulmonary route of administration of drug delivery, Nano suspension is used in incorporated into ocular inserts and mucoadhesive hydrocele for targeted drug delivery. There are medication candidate is with very high effectiveness. Nanosuspension was prepared by using combination of high speed homogenization (HSH) and media milling (MM),Poligomer( stabilizer)ZIO2 heads ( milling media). Reducing particle size in Nanosuspension is the primary cause of an increase in .Because of their specific qualities, nanosuspension can be used in a variety of dosage forms, including ones that require specialised delivery methods like mucoadhesive hydrogels.The Atomization of the drug discovery process through technologies like computer-aid drug design, combinatorial chemistry, an high-throughput screening is producing a large number of very effective therapeutic candidates. Regrettably, a lot of these potentiate medications are not very soluble in water. This review article describes the physicochemical properties of drug Nanosuspension, preparation methods and; it’s potential clinical advantages.