Dorzolamide Eye Drops Research Articles

Antioxidant Status Modifications by Topical Administration of Dorzolamide in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

This study deals with the role of the topical administration of dorzolamide eyedrops on the oxidative/antioxidant status of aqueous humor in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). A case-control study including 130 patients distributed into three groups was carried out: 1) patients with POAG without dorzolamide instillation administration (GG; n=34); 2) patients with POAG with dorzolamide (DG; n=36); and 3) subjects with cataracts (comparative group, CG; n=60). Oxidative activity was measured in the aqueous humor by malondialdehyde determination by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Antioxidant status was assessed in the aqueous humor samples by measuring the superoxide dismutase activity and the total antioxidant status. Oxidative activity was significantly higher in both glaucoma groups than in the cataracts group (GG vs CG, p=3.68 E-34; DG vs CG, p=5.11 E-45) and was significantly higher in GG than in DG (p=0.0034). SOD activity was significantly higher in both glaucoma groups than in the cataracts group (GG vs CG, p=1.08 E-14; DG vs CG, p=3.70 E-22), and was significantly higher in GG than in DG (p=0.018). Finally, total antioxidant status was significantly decreased in both glaucoma groups compared with the cataracts group (GG vs CG, p=2.51 E-12; DG vs CG, p=5.06 E-05), and was more significantly decreased in GG than in DG (p=9.23 E-07). Topical administration of dorzolamide colirium diminishes oxidative stress in patients with glaucoma.

Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors after selective laser trabeculoplasty in pseudoexfoliative secondary glaucoma

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess changes in metalloproteinases (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-2) following selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG).MethodsWe enrolled 15 patients with PEXG and cataracts (PEXG-C group) and good intraocular pressure (IOP) controlled with β-blockers and dorzolamide eye drops who were treated by cataract phacoemulsification and 15 patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG-SLT group). The PEXG-SLT patients underwent a trabeculectomy for uncontrolled IOP in the eye that showed increased IOP despite the maximum drug treatment with β-blockers and dorzolamide eye drops and after ineffective selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). The control group consisted of 15 subjects with cataracts. Aqueous humor was aspirated during surgery from patients with PEXG-C, PEXG-SLT and from matched control patients with cataracts during cataract surgery or trabeculectomy. The concentrations of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the aqueous humor were assessed with commercially available ELISA kits.ResultsIn PEXG-SLT group in the first 10 days after SLT treatment a significant reduction in IOP was observed: 25.8 ± 1.9 vs 18.1.0 ± 1.4 mm/Hg (p < 0.001), but after a mean time of 31.5 ± 7.6 days IOP increased and returned to pretreatment levels: 25.4 ± 1.6 mm/Hg (p < 0.591). Therefore a trabeculectomy was considered necessary.The MMP-2 in PEXG-C was 57.77 ± 9.25 μg/ml and in PEXG-SLT was 58.52 ± 9.66 μg/ml (p < 0.066). TIMP-2 was 105.19 ± 28.53 μg/ml in PEXG-C and 105.96 ± 27.65 μg/ml in PEXG-SLT (p < 0.202). The MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio in the normal subjects was 1.11 ± 0.44. This ratio increase to 1.88 ± 0.65 in PEXG-C (p < 0.001) and to 1.87 ± 0.64 in PEXG-SLT (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the PEXG-C and PEXG-SLT ratios (p < 0.671).ConclusionThis case series suggest that IOP elevation after SLT can be a serious adverse event in some PEXG patients. The IOP increase in these cases would be correlated to the failure to decrease the TIMP-2/MMP-2 ratio.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN79745214

Relation of Response to Treatment with Dorzolamide in X-Linked Retinoschisis to the Mechanism of Functional Loss in Retinoschisin

To determine if a positive response of macular cysts to treatment with dorzolamide eye drops in patients with juvenile X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) can occur with mutations that result in different types of retinoschisin protein dysfunction. Retrospective case series. Thirteen eyes of seven patients seen at the University of Illinois at Chicago with a known diagnosis of XLRS were included. Each patient had received or currently was receiving treatment with topical dorzolamide. One patient from each family was screened for a genetic mutation. Using the method of cell transfection and protein preparation, the mutation in each patient was analyzed further and was categorized into one of three groups: 1) total absence of retinoschisin protein secretion, 2) decreased expression of the secreted protein, or 3) secretion of a nonfunctional protein. The response to dorzolamide was observed using optical coherence tomography. Significant improvement in the foveal zone thickness was observed with the use of dorzolamide in three of four patients with absence of protein secretion, in two patients with a lack of protein expression, and in one patient with a nonfunctional protein secretion. This study showed that the response of macular cysts to dorzolamide in patients with XLRS may be observed independent of the mechanism responsible for retinoschisin protein dysfunction. Hence, treatment with dorzolamide may be effective in patients with different mechanisms of dysfunction in retinoschisin.

Allergic contact dermatitis from timolol and dorzolamide eye drops

Allergic contact dermatitis from timolol and dorzolamide eye drops

Dorzolamide-induced choroidal detachment in a surgically untreated eye

Purpose Choroidal detachment is a known complication of topical hypotensive agents when used to treat eyes sensitized by prior surgery. We document the abrupt development of an extensive choroidal detachment after initiation of dorzolamide therapy in a surgically untreated eye with primary open-angle glaucoma. Design Observational case report. Methods A 76-year-old woman with primary open-angle glaucoma and no history of ocular surgery developed a choroidal detachment 12 hours after initiation of therapy with dorzolamide eye drops. Choroidal detachment was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by echography. Results Withdrawal of the drug and initiation of corticosteroid drops resulted in prompt resolution of the choroidal detachment. Conclusions Choroidal detachment can occur in surgically untreated eyes after use of a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

Effects of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride on Ocular Tissues

We studied the intraocular pharmacokinetics of dorzolamide hydrochloride eye drops and the effect of dorzolamide on carbonic anhydrase activity and localization in ocular tissues. Carbonic anhydrase activity was detected in normal ocular tissues. The activity was inhibited in corneal endothelial cells, the ciliary body, lens epithelial cells, or the retina 1 to 8 hours after instillation of dorzolamide eye drops. In lens epithelial cells and the retina, the enzyme activity had not recovered even 10 hours after instillation of the drug. Immunostaining did not reveal any differences between the group administered dorzolamide eye drops and the control group administered a physiologically balanced solution. Time-related changes in dorzolamide concentrations in ocular tissues were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the cornea, anterior aqueous, iris, ciliary body and retina, drug concentrations increased 15 minutes after the instillation and peaked within 1 hour. These results suggest that dorzolamide immediately suppresses carbonic anhydrase activity in ocular tissues, and is rapidly distributed among the tissues of the eye when administered as eye drops.

The One-Month Effects of Topical Betaxolol, Dorzolamide and Apraclonidine on Ocular Blood Flow Velocities in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Purpose: This double-masked, prospective and randomized clinical trial was planned to investigate with color Doppler imaging the 1-month vascular effects of betaxolol, dorzolamide and apraclonidine treatment on patients with newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: 22 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed POAG between the ages of 46 and 72 years were enrolled in this study. All patients were newly diagnosed cases and had not received any antiglaucoma medication before. Patients who had a systemic vascular disease (including systemic hypertension) or were taking β-blockers, nitrates or calcium channel blockers were excluded from the study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups. Groups A and B contained 7 patients, group C contained 8 patients. Group A patients were treated with topical betaxolol, group B patients received topical dorzolamide eye drops, and group C patients were treated with topical apraclonidine eye drops. Peak systolic velocities (PSV), end-diastolic velocities (EDV) and resistive indices (RI) in the right ophthalmic arteries (OA), central retinal arteries (CRA) and posterior ciliary arteries (PCA) were measured at baseline by using color Doppler imaging on a masked basis. On days 15 and 30 of treatment, the same measurements were repeated. The inter- and intragroup results were compared statistically. Results: Compared to pretreatment measurements, topical betaxolol therapy significantly decreased PSV only in the PCA and only on day 30 of treatment (p = 0.011). On days 15 and 30, dorzolamide decreased RI measurements in the PCA compared to pretreatment measurement (p = 0.013 and p = 0.011, respectively). Apraclonidine also decreased PSV in the OA on days 15 and 30 of treatment when compared to pretreatment values (p = 0.013 and p = 0.012, respectively). When 15-day measurements were compared between the groups, PSV in the OA were significantly higher in dorzolamide-treated patients compared to other groups (p = 0.01 and p = 0.011). On day 30 of treatment, PSV in the OA was also higher in the dorzolamide-treated group than the other groups (p = 0.012 and p = 0.01). Additionally, apraclonidine-treated patients had a significantly lower EDV in the OA than the other groups (p = 0.013 and p = 0.01). The RI in the OA was also significantly lower in the apraclonidine-treated group compared to the other groups (p = 0.01 and p = 0.011). Conclusion: Our study suggests that dorzolamide has the most advantageous 1-month effects on blood flow velocity in the retrobulbar arterial circulation of POAG patients. Betaxolol seems superior to apraclonidine in this regard. Our data may help the clinician when treating patients with POAG medically. Further studies using a larger population size may clarify our results.

Intraocular pressure variations after neodymium: YAG iridotomy using topical 2% dorzolamide

A double-masked study randomly assigned 60 eyes of 60 patients undergoing neodymium: YAG (Nd:YAG) laser iridotomy to pretreatment with either placebo (group 1) or 2% dorzolamide eyedrops in a single dose (group 2). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 24 hours after iridotomy. Group 2 pressures were lower and returned to normal levels faster than in group 1. Thus, dorzolamide used preoperatively may safeguard IOP.