Dorsal Tissue Research Articles

Expression of FOXO3 in the skin follicles of goose embryos during embryonic development

ABSTRACT 1. The Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) transcription factor is a crucial regulator in controlling cell metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and response to oxidative stress. However, FOXO3 has not previously been studied much in the embryonic skin follicles of geese. 2. This study used Zhedong white geese (Anser cygnoides), Jilin white geese (Anser cygnoides) and Hungarian white geese (Anser anser). The feather follicle structure in the dorsal skin during embryonic stages was examined with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Pollak staining. The FOXO3 protein content in the embryonic dorsal skin from feather follicles was detected using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. 3. The mRNA expression level of FOXO3 in the dorsal skin of Jilin white geese was highly expressed on embryonic day 23 (E23; P < 0.01), while mRNA expression of FOXO3 was highly expressed in the feather follicle of Hungarian white geese at E28 (P < 0.01). The expression of FOXO3 protein mainly concentrated in the early embryonic phase among these goose breeds (P < 0.05). This suggested that FOXO3 plays a crucial role in the development and growth of embryonic dorsal skin of feather follicles. The location of the FOXO3 protein was determined using the IHC technique, which further verified the effect of FOXO3 in the dorsal skin for feather follicles during embryogenesis. 4. The study demonstrated the differential expression and localisation of the FOXO3 gene among different goose species. It was speculated that the gene could potentially improve goose feather follicle development and feather-related traits and provide a basis for further understanding of FOXO3 function in the dorsal tissue of goose embryos.

Treatment of androgenetic alopecia by exosomes secreted from hair papilla cells and the intervention effect of LTF.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of chronic progressive hair loss in men, and AGA has a severe negative impact on the quality of life and physical and mental health of patients. Four female C57BL/6 mice were isolated from DP cells in culture (≤4 generations) after stimulation of DPC proliferation by herbal concentrations obtained by the CCK-8 method, and exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation at low temperature. Testosterone propionate and topical hair removal treatments were used together to establish the C57BL/6 mouse AGA model, which was treated with LTF, 5% minoxidil, and LTF-DPC-EXO, respectively. ELISA was used to detect serum hormone levels, in vivo tracing was used to observe dynamic changes in exosomes, H&E staining showed changes in mouse hair follicle tissue, and (q) RT-PCR and WB were used to detect dorsal skin VEGF, AKT1, and CASP3 expression in dorsal skin tissues. Hair regeneration was significant in the LTF group, minoxidil group, and LTF-DPC-EXO group mice, and the hair growth was only seen in the local skin in the model group. The hormone T in all treatment groups was lower than that in the model group, and e2 was higher than that in the model group. (q) RT-PCR and western blot showed that VEGF and AKT1 expressions were upregulated and Caspase3 expression was downregulated in the skin sections of mice in the treatment groups. DPC-EXO obtained through LTF may activate AKT1 and VEGF in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit CASP3, thereby protecting DPC to restore the hair growth.

Phyllostachys nigra Munro var alleviates inflammatory chemokine expression and DNCB-induced atopic-like dermatitis in BALB/c mice

Ethnopharmacological relevancePhyllostachys nigra (PN) is an herbal medicine that originates from the inner bark of Phyllostachys nigra Munro var. henosis Stapf or Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold et Zuccarini. It has long been used to relieve fever and to treat diarrhea and inflammation. PN has been shown to possess inhibitory effects on pneumonia, intestinal inflammation, tumors, and fatigue. However, its potential efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been extensively studied or reported. Aim of the studyThe objective of this research was to investigate the impact of PN on HaCaT and HMC-1 cells, as well as its potential in an experimental model of AD induced by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB). MethodsWe analyzed the anti-inflammatory efficacy of PN in HaCaT cells and HMC-1 cells using ELISA and PCR, and investigated invasion of inflammatory cell, change of dermis and epidermis, and the SCORAD index in AD-like mice model. We also measured the MAPK signaling pathway using the dorsal tissue of mice. ResultsOur results show that PN reduced the expressions of TARC, GM-CSF, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 in vitro. PN also decreased the SCORAD index, thickening of epidermis and dermis, and inhibited the invasions of mast cells and eosinophils as well as CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, PN suppressed the level of IgE and IL-6, and also inhibited the MAPK phosphorylation in the dorsal skin. ConclusionThese results demonstrate that PN could be an effective alternative medicine for allergic inflammatory disease.

The Role of Machine Learning in Predicting the Onset and Progression of Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: A Literature Review

Introduction: Developing a diagnostic tool that can determine whether a patient will develop neuropathic pain following a spinal cord injury can aid clinicians in treatment procedures and improve patient outcomes. Developing new detection technology can take years, thus finding a way to use existing diagnostic tools would be optimal. Machine learning can be leveraged to incorporate existing data and classify patient outcomes when there are obvious patterns for classification. Methods: A review of full reports published in English was conducted through PubMed. The relevant keywords used in this search included “neuropathic pain”, “spinal cord injury”, machine learning, and “predict” among others. Eight relevant citations were retrieved and reviewed. Results: A decision tree regressor model using clinical measures for neuropathic pain and level of spinal cord injury found that BMI and anxiety scores were the most influential variables in predicting outcomes. A similar tree for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data found ventral and dorsal tissue bridges to be predictors of neuropathic pain. Another fMRI study pointed to a strong correlation between changes in perioperative blood oxygen levels at the ipsilateral frontal lobe and neuropathic pain outcomes. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) implicated a lower glutamate-glutamine/myoinositol ratio in high neuropathic pain. Various machine learning algorithms were evaluated in building an EEG classifier in two separate studies, and classification accuracies greater than 80% were reached in both. A classifier built using positron emission tomography data attained classification accuracies of 87.5%. Discussion: The most common machine learning algorithm used in building classifiers was support vector machines, linear discriminant analysis and neural net. Regression trees were also used, but they were used to elucidate the variables influencing predictions. Each study has its limitations, either due to limitations of the study method, classification method or data type. Conclusion: There exist many methods to study neuropathic pain and spinal cord injury and each method provides different information regarding the mechanism of pain, influential variables, and physiological changes that occur with pain. Classification can be done using any of these methods to achieve acceptable accuracies, but these accuracies are not enough for a clinical prognostic classifier.

The Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist 16-Bromo Salvinorin A Has Anti-Cocaine Effects without Significant Effects on Locomotion, Food Reward, Learning and Memory, or Anxiety and Depressive-like Behaviors.

Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists have preclinical antipsychostimulant effects; however, adverse side effects have limited their therapeutic development. In this preclinical study, conducted in Sprague Dawley rats, B6-SJL mice, and non-human primates (NHPs), we evaluated the G-protein-biased analogue of salvinorin A (SalA), 16-bromo salvinorin A (16-BrSalA), for its anticocaine effects, side effects, and activation of cellular signaling pathways. 16-BrSalA dose-dependently decreased the cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in a KOR-dependent manner. It also decreased cocaine-induced hyperactivity, but had no effect on responding for cocaine on a progressive ratio schedule. Compared to SalA, 16-BrSalA had an improved side effect profile, with no significant effects in the elevated plus maze, light-dark test, forced swim test, sucrose self-administration, or novel object recognition; however, it did exhibit conditioned aversive effects. 16-BrSalA increased dopamine transporter (DAT) activity in HEK-293 cells coexpressing DAT and KOR, as well as in rat nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatal tissue. 16-BrSalA also increased the early phase activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, as well as p38 in a KOR-dependent manner. In NHPs, 16-BrSalA caused dose-dependent increases in the neuroendocrine biomarker prolactin, similar to other KOR agonists, at doses without robust sedative effects. These findings highlight that G-protein-biased structural analogues of SalA can have improved pharmacokinetic profiles and fewer side effects while maintaining their anticocaine effects.

Veronica persica Ethanol Extract Ameliorates Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice, Likely by Inducing Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is chronic allergic contact dermatitis with immune dysregulation. Veronica persica has pharmacological activity that prevents asthmatic inflammation by ameliorating inflammatory cell activation. However, the potential effects of the ethanol extract of V. persica (EEVP) on AD remain elusive. This study evaluated the activity and underlying molecular pathway of EEVP in two AD models: dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced mice and interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated human HaCaT keratinocytes. EEVP attenuated the DNCB-induced increase in serum immunoglobulin E and histamine levels, mast cell counts in toluidine-blue-stained dorsal skin, inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, and IL-13) levels in cultured splenocytes, and the mRNA expression of IL6, IL13, IL31 receptor, CCR-3, and TNFα in dorsal tissue. Additionally, EEVP inhibited the IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of IL6, IL13, and CXCL10 in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, EEVP restored the IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced downregulation of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in HaCaT cells by inducing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. A molecular docking analysis demonstrated that EEVP components have a strong affinity to the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Kelch domain. In summary, EEVP inhibits inflammatory AD by attenuating immune cell activation and inducing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in skin keratinocytes.

Improving the Early Outcome of Digital Replantation: Technical Tricks Learned in a US Fellowship

Abstract Background Despite stable numbers of upper limb amputations there is a decline in replantation in Europe. This results in lacking experience, decreasing success rates, and fewer attempts. Training in high-volume centers is crucial for hand surgeons performing upper extremity replantation. Aims This abstract highlights the experience in a US microsurgery fellowship. Methods Upper extremity revascularization and replantation cases during a 10 month - period were retrospectively reviewed. Overall, the fellow was exposed to 29 cases: 2 hand, 5 thumb and 9 digitial replantations as well as 13 thumb and digital revascularizations. Primary outcome was the survival of the injured body part. Secondary outcomes were total case time, number of repaired arteries/veins, the use of vein grafts, and early free flap coverage. Whenever possible, all microsurgical steps including vessel debridement and anastomosis were performed under tourniquet. Results Success rate was 21/29 (72%). Failure was limited to avulsion or crush injuries. Mean surgery time for revascularization was 92 min (range, 45-134 min) per digit. Mean surgery time for thumb and single digit replantation was 133 min (range, 62-270 min) and for the two hand replantations 180 min and 300 min, respectively. Routinely, only 1 dominant artery was repaired. Forearm or saphenous vein grafts were used in 14/29 cases. Only in 3/23 cases &amp;gt; 1 vein was repaired and in 3 cases interpositional vein grafts were used for dorsal vein reconstruction. One venous flow-through flap was used and a dorsal hand soft tissue defect was covered with a fascio-cutaneous free flap 5 days after replantation. Conclusions Replantation remains a challenge for hand surgeons. The thoughtful use of a tourniquet with vessel debridement in a bloodless field is key to maximize the efficiency of replantation. Furthermore, the liberate use of vein grafts and venous flow-through flaps helps moving outside the trauma zone, thus increasing the likelihood of upper limb salvage.

Estimation of the Fatty Acid Concentration in Muscle Tissue of Carp Fish in Dukan Lake and A Local Pond in Sulaimani, Iraq.

This research aimed to measure the concentration of various fatty acids, in the dorsal muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio fish from Dukan Lake and Qaikand pond using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) VARIAN gas chromatograph (GC) (CP3800 Walnut Creek model). The presence of highly digestible proteins and fatty acids in fish is critical for a healthy lifestyle since they provide nutritional value. Fatty acids play significant roles in metabolism and function as hormones and signalling molecules. this study was conducted in November and December 2020, 30 fish samples ( length: 28 - 38 cm and weight: 965-1640 grams) were collected from Dukan Lake and Qaikand Pond. The average levels of the saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fish from the Dukan were 22.51%, 51.47%, and 21.94%, respectively, and in fish from the Qaikand, they were 25.80%, 44.79%, and 18.93%, respectively. The present study's findings suggest carp could be an excellent component of low-fat, high-polyunsaturated fatty acid diets.

Biocompatibility of different resin composites after polymerization with two light curing units: an immunohistochemical study.

The aim of this study is to compare the biocompatibility of two different resin composites after polymerization under two different light sources in three different time periods. 72 polyethylene tubes polymerized with 2 different resin composites and 2 different light sources (Elipar S10 and Valo ) [Group 1: Kalore Elipar S10 (KE), Group 2: Kalore Valo (KV), Group 3: Essentia Elipar S10 (EE), Group 4: Essentia Valo (EV)] were implanted in the dorsal connective tissue of 18 rats. 24 empty polyethylene tubes [Group 5: (Control group)] were implanted in the dorsal connective tissue of 6 rats. Then, the rats were sacrificed after 7th, 15th and 30th days in each time intervals (n=8). Biopsy samples were stained with H&E and examined for inflammation, necrosis, macrophage infiltrate, giant cell and fibrous capsule criteria. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8). When the composite groups and the control groups were compared; the difference was statistically significant for the criteria of inflammation at 7th and 15th days, there was no statistical difference between the time points in terms of fibrous capsule and necrosis. When the composite groups and control groups were evaluated in terms of proinflammatory cytokines; statistically significant differences were found at 7th, 15th and 30th days. All CRs used in this study showed acceptable biocompatibility in the subcutaneous tissues of rats after polymerization with different light sources.

Intra-specific correlations between fatty acids and morphological traits are consistent across fish species

We explored intraspecific relationships between biochemical and morphometric traits among sixteen fish species from the Canadian waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes. We focused on hypotheses linking two morphometric descriptors (fish length and condition factor, CF, the latter derived from species-specific allometric-growth equations) to lipid content and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of dorsal muscle tissue. Each population from each of the lakes was assumed to display different relationships. All correlations were better represented by linear than non-linear relationships. Interspecific and among lakes differences accounted for most of the registered variability of fatty acid (FA) composition. Once these two covariates were parsed out, there was a discernible intraspecific coupling between fish length, CF, and fish biochemical traits, including positive correlations with muscle lipid and PUFA composition. The sign of the correlations was consistent among different populations, aligned with the theoretical expectations, and with interspecific trait correlations. However, for some species, correlations could be positive in one lake but negative in another, suggesting that local environmental variations could affect biochemical rates. We also found three trends associated with the rate at which different fatty acids accumulate in fish muscle tissue that are potentially related to food availability. These relationships between CF and FA composition provide a promising starting point to establish efficient, cost-effective, field-based estimates of essential FA descriptors. In this vein, we present a user-friendly application for the estimation of lipid content and PUFA composition, based solely on weight and length, that any angler and/or citizen-science participant can easily obtain.

Skin healing effects of an innovative polymer-based oil Nigella sativa: a rabbit model experimental study.

Natural wound dressings composed of gelatin (GEL) and chitosan (CH) impregnated with bioactive compounds (Nigella sativa oil) were prepared and characterized to evaluate their potential application. The formulated composite was subjected to γ-irradiation. In vitro, the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and antibiofilm activities were evaluated. In vivo, the tissue wound-healing process was studied by applying GEL-CH-Nigella in dorsal skin rabbit tissue. On days 7 and 14, the biochemical biomarker and histological analysis were determined. At 10 kGy, FRAP assays exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (380 mmol/kg). A significant inhibition of anti-biofilm activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (p<0.01). Fourteen days post-surgery, a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid-reactive compounds (TBARs) was observed compared to the GEL-CH group. Concerning oxidative stress status, GEL-CH-Nigella significantly improved superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. A histological analysis revealed that GEL-CH-Nigella accelerated wound closure and improved collagenisation and enhanced epidermal tissue thickness. These results indicate that GEL-CH-Nigella wound dressing is a promising biomaterial for engineered tissue.

Therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of a solubilized Sturgeon oil in a mouse model of house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis

Abstract The therapeutic effect and action mechanism of solubilized Sturgeon oil (SSO) against atopic dermatitis (AD) were examined in NC/Nga mice. SSO was prepared from the fish oil obtained from Sturgeons using physical solubilization processes. AD was induced by topical application of house dust mite (HDM) extract on the dorsal skin of NC/Nga mice, and then treated with SSO. SSO exerted potent therapeutic activity on AD symptoms. Histological analysis revealed that SSO reduced epidermal hyperplasia and suppressed infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils in the dorsal skin. In addition, SSO significantly reduced the serum total IgE and HDM-specific IgE levels in AD-induced NC/Nga mice. Analysis of the dorsal skin tissues showed that SSO significantly downregulated the expression levels of IL-4, 5, 13, 17A and COX-2, while upregulated the expression levels of IL-10 and filaggrin. In vitro studies also showed that SSO suppressed the production of Th2 cytokines including IL-4, 5 and 13, while increasing the production of IL-10, from anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated Th2 cells. These results show that SSO exerts therapeutic effect on AD in NC/Nga mice through Th2-related immunomodulatory activities.

The presence or absence of midsagittal tissue bridges and walking: a retrospective cohort study in spinal cord injury.

Cohort study. Retrospective analysis of T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and clinical documentation. To evaluate the relationship between the presence/absence and widths of midsagittal tissue bridges and walking ability among veterans with cervical, predominantly chronic SCI. University research and hospital setting. T2-weighted midsagittal MRIs of 22 United States veterans with cervical spinal cord injuries were examined. The presence/absence of midsagittal tissue bridges were determined, and the widths of present ventral and dorsal tissue bridges were measured. Midsagittal tissue bridge characteristics were related to each participant's ability to walk based off examination of clinical documentation. Fourteen of the analyzed participant images revealed the presence of midsagittal tissue bridges. Ten of those individuals (71%) possessed overground walking ability. The 8 individuals with no apparent tissue bridges were all unable to walk. There was a significant correlation between walking and widths of ventral midsagittal tissue bridges (r = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.52, 0.92, p < 0.001), as well as dorsal midsagittal tissue bridges (r = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.73, p = 0.039). The evaluation of midsagittal tissue bridges may be useful in various rehabilitation settings to help inform patients' plan of care, allocation of neuromodulatory resources, and appropriate stratification into research cohorts.

Effects of Varying Ratios of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Donkey Hide Gelatin Water Extracts on Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease that affects millions of people all over the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU) and Donkey Hide Gelatin (DHG) water extracts on DNCB-induced NC/Nga mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ treated keratinocytes or LPS-stimulated macrophages. The combined treatment using the water extracts of GU and DHG improved the skin symptom evaluation score and skin histology, with increased expression of the skin barrier proteins Claudin 1 and Sirt 1 in lesion areas. The IFN-γ activity was promoted in PBMCs, ALN, and dorsal skin tissue, while the absolute cell number was reduced for T cells so that the production and expression of serum IgE and cytokines were suppressed. In TNF-α/IFN-γ induced HaCaT cells, IL-6, IL-8, MDC, and RANTES were all inhibited by GU and DHG water extracts, while ICAM-1 and COX-2 levels were similarly downregulated. In addition, GU and DHG water extracts decreased LPS-mediated nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 in RAW 264.7 cells, and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 also decreased. Notably, the DHG:GU ratio of 4:1 was shown to have the best effects of all ratios. In conclusion, GU and DHG have anti-skin inflammatory potentials that can be used as alternative ingredients in the formula of functional foods for people with atopic dermatitis.

Neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of the audiogenic epilepsy: altered proinflammatory cytokine levels in Krushinsky-Molodkina seizure-prone rats

Neuroinflammation plays an important role in epileptogenesis, however, most studies are performed on pharmacological models of epilepsy, while data on non-invasive, including genetic, models are practically absent. In Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) strain rats with high genetically caused predisposition to AE (intensive audiogenic seizure fit in response to the action of sound) and in the control strain “0” (not predisposed to AE), the levels of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated using multiplex immunofluorescence magnetic assay (MILLIPLEX map Kit). Cytokine levels were determined in the dorsal striatum tissue and in the brain stem. Background levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the dorsal striatum of KM rats were significantly lower than in rats “0” (32.31, 27.84 and 38.87% of decrease, respectively, p &lt; 0.05, 0.05 and 0.01), whereas in the brain stem in the “background” state of interstrain differences in levels of these metabolites were not detected. 4 h after sound exposure, the TNF-α level in the dorsal striatum of KM rats was significantly (38.34%, p &lt; 0.01) lower than in “0” rats. In KM rats, after the action of sound and the subsequent seizure fit, the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the dorsal striatum were significantly higher compared to the background (35.29 and 50.21%, of increase, p &lt; 0.05, 0.01, respectively). The IL-2 level in KM rats in the background state was not detected, whereas after audiogenic seizures its level was 14.01 pg/ml (significantly higher, p &lt; 0.01). In the brain stem of KM rats, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α after audiogenic seizures were significantly lower than in the background (13.23 and 23.44% of decrease, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). In rats of the “0” strain, the levels of cytokines in the dorsal striatum after the action of sound (which did not cause AE seizures) did not differ from those in the background, while the levels of IL-1β in their brain stem were lower than in the background (40.28%, p &lt; 0.01). Thus, the differences between the background levels of cytokines and those after the action of sound were different in rats that differed in their predisposition to AE, which suggests the involvement of these metabolites in the pathophysiology of epilepsy.

Efficient Removal Of Naturally-Occurring Autofluorescence From Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Tissue Using High Intensity White Light

Efficient Removal Of Naturally-Occurring Autofluorescence From Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Tissue Using High Intensity White Light

Neuroinflammation in Pathogenesis of Audiogenic Epilepsy: Altered Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels in the Rats of Krushinsky–Molodkina Seizure-Prone Strain

Neuroinflammation plays an important role in epileptogenesis, however, most studies are performed using pharmacological models of epilepsy, while there are only few data available for non-invasive, including genetic, models. The levels of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined in the Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rat strain with high audiogenic epilepsy (AE) proneness (intense tonic seizure fit in response to loud sound) and in the control strain "0" (not predisposed to AE) using multiplex immunofluorescence magnetic assay (MILLIPLEX map Kit). Cytokine levels were determined in the dorsal striatum tissue and in the brain stem. Background levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the dorsal striatum of the KM rats were significantly lower than in the rats "0" (by 32.31, 27.84, and 38.87%, respectively, p < 0.05, 0.05, and 0.01), whereas no inter-strain differences in the levels of these metabolites were detected in the brain stem in the "background" state. Four hours after sound exposure, the TNF-α level in the dorsal striatum of the KM rats was significantly lower (by 38.34%, p < 0.01) than in the "0" rats. In the KM rats, the dorsal striatal levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly higher after the sound exposure and subsequent seizure fit, compared to the background (35.29 and 50.21% increase, p < 0.05, 0.01, respectively). In the background state the IL-2 level in the KM rats was not detected, whereas after audiogenic seizures its level was 14.01 pg/ml (significant difference, p < 0.01). In the KM rats the brain stem levels of IL-1β and TNF-α after audiogenic seizures were significantly lower than in the background (13.23 and 23.44% decrease, respectively, p < 0.05). In the rats of the "0" strain, the levels of cytokines in the dorsal striatum after the action of sound (which did not induce AE seizures) were not different from those of the background, while in the brain stem of the "0" strain the levels of IL-1β were lower than in the background (40.28%, p < 0.01). Thus, the differences between the background levels of cytokines and those after the action of sound were different in the rats with different proneness to AE. These data suggest involvement of the analyzed cytokines in pathophysiology of the seizure state, namely in AE seizures.

In vivo tests of a novel wound dressing based on agar aerogel

Aerogels, especially bio-based ones, present a promising option for wound dressing; specifically, because of their low toxicity, high stability, bio-compatibility, and good biological performance. In this study, agar aerogel was prepared and evaluated as novel wound dressing material in an in vivo rat study. Agar hydrogel was prepared by thermal gelation, after that the water inside the gel was exchanged with ethanol, and finally the alcogel was dried by supercritical CO2. The textural and rheological properties of the prepared aerogel were characterized, showing that the prepared agar aerogels possess high porosity (97–98 %), high surface area (250–330 m2g−1) as well as good mechanical properties and easiness of removal from the wound site. The results of the in vivo experiments macroscopically demonstrate the tissue compatibility of the aerogels in dorsal interscapular injured rat tissue and a shorter wound healing time comparable to that of gauze-treated animals. The histological analysis underpins the reorganisation and healing of the tissue for the injured skin of rats treated with agar aerogel wound dressing within the studied time frame.

Acute soft Tissue Infection with impending Loss of Finger in amniotic Band Syndrome of a 22-years-old Patient with palmoplantar Keratoderma congenital Alopecia Syndrome Type II

We report on the treatment of a 22-year-old female patient with an acute soft tissue infection in the area of an amniotic band due to palmoplantar keratoderma congenital alopecia syndrome (PPKCA) type II, a very rare genodermatosis with less than 20 cases described in literature. An acute soft tissue infection distal from the pre-existing constriction ring with hyperkeratosis on the right small finger led to a decompensation of the venous and lymphatic drain with imminent loss of the finger. Due to urgent surgical treatment with decompression and debridement of the dorsal soft tissue infection, microsurgical circular resection of the constriction ring and primary wound closure the finger could be preserved. After soft tissue consolidation and hand therapy, the patient achieved free movement of the small finger with subjective freedom of symptoms and good aesthetic results.

EFFECT OF THİAMİNE ON MORPHİNE ANALGESİA AND TOLERANCE İN RATS

Absract: The latest research have demonstrated that inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis plays a majör role in morphine analgesia and tolerance development. This search goals to examine the possible role of thiamine use on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the development of morphine analgesia and morphine tolerance in rats. &#x0D; Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were severed into six groups: saline, 100 mg/kg thiamine, 5 mg/kg morphine, thiamine + morphine, morphine tolerance and thiamine + morphine tolerance. The resulting analgesic effect was measured by hot plate and tail movement analgesia tests. TAS and TOS, inflammation parameters, and apoptosis protein levels of the dorsal root ganglion tissues sample were measured using an ELISA kit. &#x0D; Results: When thiamine was given alone, it did not show anti-nociceptive effect (p&gt;0.05). In addition, thiamine enhanced the analgesic effect of morphine (p &lt; 0.05) and also significantly reduced tolerance to morphine (p &lt; 0.05). However, it reduced TOS when administered with a single dose of morphine and tolerance induction (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, thiamine reduced apoptosis protein levels after tolerance development (p &lt; 0.05). &#x0D; Conclusion: Consequently, these results may attain by reducing TOS, inflammation, and apoptosis.