Carbon Doping Research Articles

BiSb Alloy Anchored on Selenium Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Highly Stable Anode Materials for Sodium/Potassium-Ion Batteries

BiSb Alloy Anchored on Selenium Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Highly Stable Anode Materials for Sodium/Potassium-Ion Batteries

High-performance pseudo-capacitance supercapacitor with highly mesoporous fluorine doped polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets as electrode material

In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) material obtained from urea was hydrothermally doped with fluorine atoms (F-doped GCN). The resulting F-doped GCN material was designed as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Characterization of these samples was carried out by XRD, EDS, SEM, nitrogen adsorption and FTIR analyses. EDS and FTIR analyses confirmed the doping of fluorine atoms onto GCN. Nitrogen adsorption analyses supported the formation of a significant mesoporous structure with fluoride doping on GCN. The specific capacitance values of the GCN and F-doped GCN supercapacitors were calculated as 39.75 F/g and 305.72 F/g at a frequency of 0.01 Hz. A significant increase of about 7-fold in capacitance value was obtained by fluorine doping on GCN. Cycling trials of the F-doped GCN supercapacitor for up to 1000 cycles at a current density of 0.4 A/g maintain an efficiency of 86.72 %. For the supercapacitor designed from F-doped GCN material, the maximum energy density and power density were calculated as 4.26 Wh/kg and 1792 Wh/kg, respectively.

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light using carbon-doped titanium dioxide as photocatalyst

A visible light-active photocatalyst, carbon-doped titanium dioxide (C-doped TiO2) with an anatase phase, was synthesized using a simple and cost-effective method, with glucose serving as the carbon source for doping. The surface morphology, crystal structure and elemental composition of the catalyst was analyzed by SEM, XRD and EDX respectively. Raman spectroscopic and XRD analysis showed the consistency of the anatase phase throughout the preparation process. FT-IR, TGA, and EDX depicted the purity of the prepared catalyst. SEM images revealed that the average particle size of the catalyst is approximately 178 nm, which is smaller than that of pure TiO2. Finally, as a proof-of-concept photocatalytic activity of the catalyst was investigated on a typical organic dye, methylene blue, under two different light sources (UV light and visible light) by varying the catalyst amount, the concentration of dye, and pH of the degrading medium. Results showed that the prepared C-doped TiO2 shows a promising result under the visible light irradiation which seems limited in case of pure TiO2. The optimum photocatalytic degradation conditions are pH 3, catalyst dosage 0.15 g, and dye concentration 3 × 10−5 M. At optimum conditions visible light shows 53 % degradation and UV light degrades almost all the dye molecules. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of C-doped TiO2 in visible light is due to carbon doping, which reduces the bandgap energy and enables the absorption of visible light photons. This convenient technique can be a great solution for the removal of dyeing wastes economically using low-cost visible light or sunlight and large scale production for industrial application.

Insights into the roles of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doping for efficient methanol electrooxidation

Anchoring Pt onto multi-heteroatom doped carbon materials has been recognized as an effective approach to improve the performance of electrocatalytic methanol oxidation. However, distinct contributions and specific behavior mechanisms of different heteroatoms, notably N and P, the specific behavior mechanisms in synergistically promoting Pt NPs remain elusive. In this work, we construct 1D N and P co-doped carbon nanotube (N, P-CNTs) supports with abundant defect anchors for Pt. The as-prepared Pt/N, P-CNTs exhibit outstanding activity and exceptional stability in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), achieving high mass activity up to 6481.3 mA mg−1Pt. Moreover, they can retain 90.5 % of their initial current density even after 800 cycles tests. Detailed characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that the robust strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) effect caused by N doping within the unique N and P co-doped coordination structure controllably regulate the coordination environment of Pt, reduce the d-band center of Pt, thus promoting the adsorption and decomposition of CH3OH. However, P doping weakens the adsorption strength of CO on the Pt active site by sacrificing partial electron transfer, accelerating the oxidative conversion of the CO-like poisoning species (COads). Significantly, the synergistic mechanism of N and P species on the modification of Pt’s electronic structure and its subsequent impact on the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation behaviors on the Pt surface was thoroughly elucidated, providing a constructive route for designing robust MOR electrocatalysts with high MOR activity and durability.

Synergistic combination of Mn/Fe bimetal-doped carbon nitride and peroxymonosulfate for efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics

The widespread of antibiotics has resulted in potential threats to the aquatic environment and human health. The visible light-assisted peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation method is considered to be an effective way to remove antibiotics in wastewater. In this study, Mn/Fe bimetal doped graphitic carbon nitride (MnFe-CN-x) was first synthesized for PMS activation under visible light towards tetracycline (TC) removal. The optimized MnFe-CN-50 possessed the excellent photocatalytic activity, PMS activation performance and photo-Fenton-like synergistic effect. In the photo-Fenton-like system, TC (20 mg L−1) was degraded by 99 % in 50 min and the kinetic constant was 0.074 min−1. The high dispersion of Mn and Fe in carbon nitride inhibited the recombination of charge carriers in MnFe-CN-x, increased its photocurrent density and charge mobility, effectively optimized the electronic structure, and promoted the generation of 1O2. Based on the analytical results of predictive toxicity evaluation software (TEST), it was confirmed that MnFe-CN-x could effectively reduce the environmental risks associated with antibiotic contamination. This study provided new insights into synthesizing bimetal-doped graphitic carbon nitride and the use of synergistic effects of photocatalysis and PMS activation to remove organic pollutants from wastewater.

A Deep Dive into the Study of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons As Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Via a Design of Experiments Approach

Porous nitrogen (N)-doped carbons derived from earth-abundant precursors and exhibiting tunable properties hold promise as low-cost, high-performance electrode materials for energy storage and conversion applications. As metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode in hydrogen fuel cells, N-doped carbons have shown selectivity and performance rivaling that of Pt/C. Alternatively, other N-doped carbons have also demonstrated low overpotentials and high selectivity for the 2-electron pathway of the ORR for the production of hydrogen peroxide. The activity and selectivity of these doped carbons are thought to result from their N-content, N-motifs, and/or porosity. However, the extent to which each of these variables impacts electrocatalytic ORR performance and whether there is an interactive effect between N-content, porous structure, etc. remains unclear. Herein, by implementing a design of experiments approach, the synthesis-structure-function relationship for N-doped carbons prepared via molten salt templating was elucidated to reveal how synthetic handles tune material properties which, in turn, determine electrocatalytic performance. Specifically, the wt% of N precursor and the synthesis temperature were found to have the most significant effect on the N-content and N-motif composition of the resulting N-doped carbons. Regarding porosity, larger surface areas and micropore volumes were realized for the carbons prepared with a larger wt% of N precursor. It was found that surface areas upwards of 300 m2/g were required to see any substantial activity (e.g. half-wave potential greater than 0.7 V vs RHE, effective electron transfer number > 3.4). Only after a threshold surface area was achieved were effects from N-content and N-motifs notable on performance and selectivity.

(Invited) Probing Charge Carrier-Induced Changes in the Complex Dielectric Function in Carbon Nanotube Dispersions

The injection of charge carriers into pi-conjugated semiconductors, whether by electrochemical injection or chemical charge transfer, is a powerful approach to tune their electrical conductivity. Recently, the concept of dielectric catastrophe, where the charge carrier density is sufficiently large to significantly alter the intrinsic dielectric properties, has been demonstrated at high doping levels in organic semiconductor thin films. The observed increase in the dielectric constant leads to reduced coulombic interactions between charge carriers and the associated counterions, promoting enhanced free carrier generation and transport.Here, we employ a combination of steady state optical spectroscopy, quantitative 19F NMR studies, and microwave dielectric loss spectroscopy to probe charge carrier density and transport in doped single-walled carbon nanotube dispersions. We demonstrate that a similar dielectric catastrophe phenomenon can be observed even in isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in a low dielectric constant solvent AND, perhaps more surprisingly, at carrier densities less than one carrier per nanotube. The precise details of the observed changes in complex dielectric function are dependent on the chemical structure of the charge-transfer dopant, with a near-instantaneous increase in the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity observed for low carrier densities using bulky benzyloxy-substituted icosahedral dodecaborane cluster dopants, DDBs. We attribute the observations to weak coulombic interactions between the injected charge carrier and the dopant counterion, along with the large polarizability afforded by the unique physicochemical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. If time permits, we will show results from recent studies where we extend this approach to the doping of other nanocarbons.

Increasing Graphene Selectivity for H2O2 Electro-Production Using Phosphorus Doped Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots as Self-Antibiofouling Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a crucial indicator of the aquatic environment. The electrochemical DO sensor is renowned for superior precision. However, the unfavorable biofilm growth on the electrode surface and affect its sensitivity. H2O2, generated from the 2e- pathway ORR, emerges as a potent for degrading the biofilm attached on the electrode surface. Developing electrocatalyst material for selective 2e- pathway ORR that is challenging, while most are work for 4e- pathway. Herein, we design P-CNQD attaching to functionalized graphene (P-CNQD/Gr) that possesses highly selective 2e- pathway ORR. Upon the combination, the P-CNQDs were successful in altering the H2O2 selectivity, resulting in 85% H2O2 selectivity inside neutral medium. The reliable electrocatalyst with outstanding sensitivity and self-antibiofouling performance to be employed in fish farming Figure 1

N self-doping hierarchical porous biochar from Chinese medicine residues for efficient removal of malachite green: Critical contribution of N doping to π-π electron donor-donor interactions

N self-doping hierarchical porous biochars are prepared from three kinds of Chinese medicine residues (Lophatherum Gracile (LG), Licorice Radix (LR) and Radix Isatidis (RI)) using KHCO3 as a foaming agent. Among them, LGC shows the best adsorption performance with a maximum adsorption capacity of 3791.5 mg g−1 at 298 K for malachite green (MG). Significant differences of the biochar adsorption behavior are found and the main reason are attributed to differences in sp2 conjugated carbon (ID/IG = 1.46–1.50) and heteroatomic nitrogen (pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N and graphitic-N) doping. The quasi-secondary kinetic and Langmuir isothermal models are more suitable for describing the adsorption process of biochar towards MG. Further characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the good adsorption of MG by biochar increased with increasing specific surface area (SSA) and pyrrolic-N content. Pore filling effect and π-π electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions have been demonstrated to be the predominant driving force of adsorption. Among them, pyridinic-N and graphitic-N further enhance the adsorption performance through the π-π stacking and π-π EDA interactions between MG and biochar, respectively. Pyrrolic-N and other surface functional groups (-COOH, -OH) promote the hydrogen bonding effect. In addition, the good recycling efficiency (close to 70 % after four cycles), excellent multifunctionality and low fabrication cost (13.01 US$ kg−1) of the LGC reveal the potential for practical applications. In addition, all biochar has a wide range of pH suitability (pH = 2.0–10.0). This study provides new ideas for the rapid removal of MG using biochar. In addition, the effects of N self-doping and microscopic N species on the adsorption of biochar provide theoretical guidance for enhancing the adsorption of other macromolecular dyes.

Boosting alkaline/neutral hydrogen evolution reaction of nickel selenium by introducing carbon dopants

Searching for efficient, cost-effective, and durable nonprecious electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is extremely desirable in sustainable and renewable energy researches, but remains highly challenging in recent decades. Herein, a novel Nickel-Selenium-Carbon (Ni-Se-C) electrocatalysts fabricated on nickel foam are produced by a one-step facile electrodeposition method. Under the optimum conditions, the Ni-Se-C electrocatalyst displays extraordinary performance with ultralow HER overpotentials of 68 and 219 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 under alkaline or neutral conditions, respectively, as well as excellent durability. Besides, the Ni-Se-C electrocatalyst has demonstrated a reduction in the activation energy (Ea) of HER (26.0 kJ·mol−1) in comparison to the Ni-Se electrocatalyst (33.1 kJ·mol−1). The introduction of C has a beneficial effect of reducing the electron density around Ni and Se, which in turn adjusts the electronic structure of the Ni-Se-C electrocatalyst. This accelerates the efficiency of electron transfer and exposes more surface catalytic active sites, thereby significantly improving the HER performance of the Ni-Se-C electrocatalyst. In addition, the doping of C can also adjust the hydrophilicity of the electrocatalyst surface, which facilitates the detachment of bubbles and quickly re-expose the active sites. This finding offers guidance and inspiration to produce low-cost and extremely effective nonprecious HER electrocatalyst for industrial hydrogen production.

Novel furfural-Complexed approach to synthesizing carbon-Doped ZnO with breakthrough photocatalytic efficacy

IntroductionThe efficiency of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles for environmental decontamination is limited by their reliance on ultraviolet (UV) light and rapid charge carrier recombination. Carbon doping has been proposed to address these challenges by potentially enhancing visible light absorption and charge separation. ObjectivesThis study aims to introduce a novel, single-step synthesis method for carbon-doped ZnO (C-Z) nanoparticles, leveraging the decomposition of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and furfural under a nitrogen atmosphere to improve photocatalytic activity under visible light. MethodsA series of C-Z variants (C-Z-1 to C-Z-5) and an undoped sample (ZnO-0) were synthesized. The influence of furfural on the synthesis process and doping mechanism was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). ResultsXPS confirmed the integration of carbon within the ZnO matrix, and XRD indicated increased lattice dimensions owing to doping. DRS revealed bandgap narrowing, suggesting enhanced charge separation. Among the variants, C-Z-3 significantly outperformed the others, showing a 12-fold increase in the photocatalytic degradation rate of Rhodamine B compared to undoped ZnO. ConclusionThe developed single-step synthesis method for C-Z nanoparticles represents a major advancement in materials engineering for ecological applications. The enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light, as demonstrated by C-Z-3, underscores the potential of these nanoparticles for environmental decontamination.

Carbon and Silicon Impurity Defects in GaN: Simulating Single-Photon Emitters by First Principles.

Defect single-photon emitters (SPE) in gallium nitride (GaN) have garnered great attentions in recent years due to the advantages they offer, including the ability to operate at room temperature, narrow emission linewidths, and high brightness. Nevertheless, the precise nature of the single-photon emission mechanism remains uncertain due to the multitude of potential defects that can form in GaN. In this work, our systematical investigation with the ab initio calculation indicates that carbon and silicon, as common dopants in gallium nitride, can interact with intrinsic defects in GaN and form new high-speed defect single-photon sources. Our findings identify a ternary defect NGaVNCN that possesses a short lifetime of less than 1 ns and a small zero-photon line (ZPL) of 864 nm. In other words, this defect can serve as a high-speed single photon source in the short wavelength window for fiber communication. In sharp contrast, the Si-supported defect NGaVNSiN has a higher unoccupied defect energy level which enters the conduction band and is therefore unsuitable for single photon emission. A systematic investigation has been conducted into the potential defects, thermal stability, and single-photon emission properties. The relaxation calculation and self-consistent calculations employed the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional and Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional, respectively. These findings indicate the potential for high-performance single-photon sources through carbon or silicon doping of GaN.

Application of multilevel immobilized carbon nanotube/sulfur doped carbon nitride composite photocatalytic coating for Cr6+(aq.) reduction

The difficulty in immobilizing carbon nitride (GCN), and the decrease in sorption capacity and photocatalytic performance after immobilization process have become two major bottlenecks limiting the practical application of carbon nitride in photocatalysis field. Herein, sulfur doped carbon nitride and carbon nanotube composite photocatalysts (CNT/SCN) with high sorption, light harvesting capacity, and reduction efficiency was synthesized by two-step solvothermal method. Furthermore, CNT/SCN composite photocatalytic coating with porous three-dimensional surface morphology was prepared using double liquid phase high speeding spray-deposition method. The coverage rate of CNT/SCN coating was calculated to be 55 %, which was 1.57 times higher than that of GCN coating. The introduction of carbon nanotube (CNT) significantly improved the sorption capacity of photocatalytic coating for hexavalent chromium (Cr6+(aq.)). The reduction efficiency of the composite coating towards Cr6+(aq.) under flowing water conditions was further investigated. The CNT/SCN coating exhibited a high removal efficiency of 84.7 % for Cr6+(aq.) (500 mL, 10 mgL−1) within 8 h, which was 29 times than that of GCN coating. The reduction efficiency of CNT/SCN photocatalytic coating remained above 75 % after three cycles of testing. This research provides theoretical basis and data support for the immobilization application of photocatalysts.

New insights into the role of nitrogen doping in microporous carbon on the capacitive charge storage mechanism: From ab initio to machine learning accelerated molecular dynamics

Fundamental understandings of the relationship between ion-electrode interaction and structural feature in porous carbon electrodes at a molecular level provides guidelines for the design of high-performance electric double layer supercapacitors. It is certified by experiments that porous carbon structures doped with nitrogen show enhanced capacitive performance. However, in the theoretical simulations, the fundamental charge storage mechanism is still elusive. In particular, the recent experimental result shows that the generally ignored nitrolic nitrogen (N5) in porous carbon exhibits a positive effect on capacitance, while graphitic nitrogen (N3) does the opposite, which is against with the simulation results based the 2D-modeled porous graphene structure. Here, we perform ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on the N3 and N5-doped carbon/electrolyte interfaces, including both 2D planar and 3D microporous carbon electrodes. Our calculation indicates that N3 in the 3D pore hinders the electrolyte transport, while N5-doped micropore still serves as an electrolyte transport channel through the formation of H-bond. The charge storage mechanism is further elucidated by the analysis of the well equilibrated interfaces obtained from the machine learning force field accelerated molecular dynamics. Our work provides a new insight into the effect of nitrogen doping in 3D porous carbon, which is exactly opposite to the 2D planar graphene. Therefore, we emphasize that differences in the electrochemical conditions of 2D planar and 3D microporous carbon electrodes should be fully considered when analyzing the effects of surface chemistry on charge storage mechanisms.

Role of carbon on the enhanced strength-ductility synergy in a high-entropy alloy by multiple synergistic strategies

A new Fe47Mn31Co10Cr10C2 high-entropy alloy (HEA) was developed to investigate the role of carbon in enhancing the strength-ductility synergy by utilizing multiple synergistic strengthening strategies with mitigating the adverse effect of carbon. Compared with the Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) HEA, the carbon-doped Fe47Mn31Co10Cr10C2 HEA after annealing at 1173 K for 10 min exhibited a higher strain-hardening rate, and significantly improved yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), with maintaining high elongation. The remarkable improvements in YS were mainly attributed to the multiple synergistic strengthening mechanisms, including enhanced grain boundary strengthening, hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening, and Cr23C6 precipitation strengthening. The higher strain-hardening rate could be ascribed to the enhanced TWIP effect and HDI strain-hardening. The effective stacking fault energy (SFE) of the Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 and Fe47Mn31Co10Cr10C2 HEAs were calculated by thermodynamics to be 23.4 mJ/m2 and 22.1 mJ/m2, respectively. This revealed that reducing the Mn content effectively counteracted the increasing effect of carbon on the SFE for the carbon-doped HEA. The promotion of deformation twinning in the Fe47Mn31Co10Cr10C2 HEA could be ascribed to the comprehensive effect of the SFE and the stress levels of the alloys. On one hand, compared with the Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 TWIP HEA, the lower SFE in the Fe47Mn31Co10Cr10C2 HEA led to a drop in the critical stress for deformation twinning. On the other hand, due to the strong multiple synergistic strengthening with carbon doping, the stress levels of the alloys were significantly enhanced, thus making the activation stress of twinning much easier to achieve. This study contributes to the alloy design guidance of properly utilizing carbon to achieve high strength-ductility synergy in alloys by multiple synergistic strategies.

High-performance electrocatalyst for PEMFC cathode: Combination of ultra-small platinum nanoparticles and N-doped carbon support

To accelerate the implementation of zero-emission power installations based on proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, it is necessary to maximize the power characteristics of these devices. For this purpose, we have obtained and tested a new N-doped carbon support and a synthesized Pt/C catalyst based on it with a platinum loading of about 37.3 %. A comparison of the degradation resistance of the initial support and the N-doped one has shown greater stability of the latter. At the same time, Raman spectroscopy has confirmed the presence of the C–N bond, which indicates the successful doping of carbon with nitrogen. The resulting Pt/C catalyst based on an N-doped support is characterized by a substantially narrow size dispersion and an ultra-small nanoparticle size of about 2.6 nm. The high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy images of the synthesized catalyst have confirmed the presence of individual platinum atoms/clusters uniformly distributed over the surface of the support, and their presence is due to nitrogen embedded into the carbon structure. This material is characterized by a 50 m2 gPt-1 larger electrochemically active surface area and a 227 A gPt-1 greater mass activity compared to the commercial JM40 analog (40 % platinum loading). Meanwhile, the electrochemical parameters remaining after the accelerated stress testing are almost 2 times higher than those of JM40. And the power characteristics in the membrane electrode assembly for the catalyst synthesized by the facile one-pot synthesis method are 13 % (575 mW cm-2) higher than those of the commercial analog (500 mW cm-2). The Pt/C catalyst obtained during the research is deemed promising for commercial use in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.

A feasible method to prepare yolk@shell nanoreactor with multiple cores and enhanced Fenton-like performance by confinement effect

At present, yolk@shell nanoreactor has drawn much attention in Fenton reaction, since the degradation rate could be accelerated by confinement effect, and metal leaching could be suppressed under the shell protection. To further improve the performance of traditional yolk@shell nanoreactor with single core, in this work, a yolk@shell nanoreactor with multiple CoFe nanoparticles as cores and nitrogen-atom doped carbon (NC) as shell was prepared. In peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based Fenton-like reaction, 93.8 % of degradation efficiency was realized within 30 min over CoFe@NC, much better than the reference broken CoFe@NC (B-CoFe@NC), confirming the positive function of integrated yolk@shell structure. Based on the radical trapping experiment, 1O2 was the most important reactive oxygen species in CoFe@NC, while SO4•- played a dominated role in B-CoFe@NC, reflecting the different catalytic mechanism in these two catalysts. To reveal the confinement effect, electron paramagnetic resonance analysis was carried out to trace the 1O2 source. And they were originated from SO4•- and •OH with high concentrations inside the yolk@shell CoFe@NC nanoreactor. This study provided a novel method to construct yolk@shell nanoreactor with multiple cores and gave a novel insight on enhanced Fenton-like performance via confinement effect.

Self-assembling gelatin based delivery of multienzyme activity nanozyme and photosensitizer for ROS storm based cancer therapy

Nanozymes with multienzyme activity for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and intracellular redox imbalance are attractive strategy for cancer therapy. However, it is severely limited by low biocompatibility and catalytic efficiency, hypoxic and high levels of GSH in the tumor microenvironment. To address these issues, a copper doping carbon nanozyme (CC) with multienzyme activity was designed and integrated with photosensitizer Ce6 and gelatin to fabricate ROS amplifier (CCC). Gelatin endowed CCC with good biocompatibility, low hemolysis, and enzyme responsive degradation. CCC with high CAT-like, POD-like, OXD-like, and GSHox-like activities can induce the intracellular ROS storm formation to eliminate the cancer cells. The OXD-like activity and PDT performance mediated 1O2 generation was markedly potentiated by the CAT-like activity of CCC via catalyzing high expression of H2O2 to generate O2. At the same time, a large amount of ·OH were produced through POD-like activity of CCC and GSH was depleted by the GSHox-like activities of CCC, resulting in a destructive ROS storm formation and cellular redox homeostasis disruption. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that CCC displayed satisfactory anti-tumor activity and biocompatibility. Our work provides a novel strategy for the development of nanozyne enhanced photodynamic therapy of cancer.

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbonized lignin nanotubes for supercapacitor applications

Carbon electrode material is crucial for the development of electric double-layered supercapacitor in clean energy storage and rechargeable aspects. Although lignin consists the promising biomass based carbon resource for containing higher carbon atom ratio than 60 %, it is still the difficult challenge to precisely tailoring the porous structure characteristics and surface property to facilitate the electrolyte penetration and rapid ion transportation. Herein, the lignin nanotubes (LNT) were successfully synthesized in a convenient molecular self-assembly way, which were subsequently carbonized and activated, with introduction of melamine as nitrogen doping agent, into hetero-atom doped lignin carbon nanotubes (LCNT) as electrode material for supercapacitor. The resultant LCNT exhibit excellent pore structure, and high degree of graphitization. At a current density of 0.5 A/g, the as high specific capacitance as 391.4 F/g was achieved. Furthermore, under symmetric double-layered capacitor electrode systems, the as prepared N, S co-doped LCNT electrode demonstrated a specific capacitance of 28.6 F/g at a high current density of 20 A/g, which presented a practically applicable energy storage efficiency. It has convincingly demonstrate the substantial potential of LCNT as biomass derived carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage devices, positioning them as a promising and competitive candidate for electrode materials.

The Tetrapyrollic Motif in Nitrogen Doped Carbons and M‐N‐C Electrocatalysts as Active Site in the Outer‐Sphere Mechanism of the Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Reaction

The Tetrapyrollic Motif in Nitrogen Doped Carbons and M‐N‐C Electrocatalysts as Active Site in the Outer‐Sphere Mechanism of the Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Reaction