Doped Borate Glasses Research Articles

Luminescence properties of Eu3+ doped borate glass ceramics containing Al4B2O9

Borate glass ceramics doped with Eu3+ were prepared by the melt crystallization method. The crystalline phase Al4B2O9 in the glass-ceramics was determined by X-ray diffraction.. The optimal doping concentration of Eu3+ was obtained by the emission spectrum, and the color purity corresponding to the optimal doping concentration was calculated. Compared with glass samples, it is proved that glass ceramics have high luminescence intensity.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Judd–Ofelt analysis of emission spectrum for neodymium ion doped borate glass matrix used for laser medium applications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Judd–Ofelt analysis of emission spectrum for neodymium ion doped borate glass matrix used for laser medium applications

Comparative study of Dy3+ doped borate glasses on the basis of luminescence and lasing properties for white-light generation

In this work, a comparative study of Dy 3+ activated NMgBiBDy and NBaBiBDy glasses is carried out by investigating the luminescence and lasing properties for the application of white-light generation. By using absorption spectra the oscillator strengths [experimental (f exp ) and calculated (f cal )] are measured. The small stimulated emission crossection (σ rms ) values show that they are in good agreement with literature as well as confirm the JO theory. The JO intensity parameters confirm the high asymmetry and the covalence around Dy 3+ in the titled glasses. The luminescence emission spectra are carried out by fixing the excitation wavelengths at 388 and 453 nm for NBaBiBDy and NMgBiBDy glasses, respectively. The quenching point is determined at 1.0 mol% for both glasses. The asymmetry nature is confirmed by the yellow/blue (Y/B) ratio. By using the luminescence emission spectra, the important Judd Ofelt (JO) parameters [A R , β rad, △λ eff , σ(λ p )] are measured. The decay time shows decreasing behavior, confirming the resonance and cross-relaxation energy process in the samples. From the decay times data (τ exp , τ cal ) the quantum efficiency and non-radiative relaxation for 4 F 9/2 level are determined. The chromaticity results suggest that these glasses can be exploited for white-light generation. The NMgBiBDy1.0 glass exhibits better luminescence and lasing properties than the NBaBiBDy1.0, promising for laser and white-light generation. • Newly developed Dy 3+ activated NMgBiBDy and NBaBiBDy glasses were fabricated by melt quenching technique. • The luminescence and lasing properties of these glasses were investigated. • NMgBiBDy1.0 glass has potential to use as WLEDs, laser source and for various photonic sources.

Study on Judd-Ofelt theory for Er3+ and Yb3+ doped tungsten gadolinium borate glasses for NIR lighting application

The tungsten gadolinium borate glass doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+/Yb3+ were prepared by melt quenching technique to study the absorption, Judd-Ofelt theory, and luminescence properties. The glass composition (30-x) B2O3 - 42.5 WO3 - 27.5 Gd2O3 - xEr2O3 (where x = 0.1 mol %) and (30-x-y) B2O3 - 42.5 WO3 - 27.5 Gd2O3 - xEr2O3 - yYb2O3 (where x = 0.1 mol % and y = 1.0 mol %). The absorption spectra display the absorption peaks of the samples correspond with Yb3+ and Er3+ in the glass network, and the spectral parameters of each absorption and emission peaks were calculated using the Judd-Ofelt theory. NIR photoluminescence under 978 nm excitation was measured of glass in the region 1400-1700 nm. NIR emission display a peak centered at 1543 nm. This research is available for tunable laser and conventional-length optical amplifier.

Effect of Gd2O3 concentration on X-rays induced and photoluminescence characteristics of Eu3+ - Activated Gd2O3–B2O3 glass

Gd3+ doped borate glass samples with compositions of xGd2O3-(99-x)B2O3–1Eu2O3; (x = 20, 25, 30 and 35 mol%) (GdBEu) have been synthesized by melt-quenching method at 1400 °C for 3 h. GdBEu glasses characteristics have been determined via FTIR, absorption, emission (X-rays and UV excitation), and CIE color coordinates analysis. The GdBEu glasses presented density increase and molar volume decrease with Gd3+ ions. Ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray excitation have been indicated performance as well as luminescent properties of Gd2O3 doped glass structure. The 5D0 → 7F0 (582 nm), 5D0 → 7F1 (591 nm), 5D0 → 7F2 (616 nm), 5D0 → 7F3 (654 nm) and 5D0 → 7F4 (702 nm) were found at 275 nm and 394 nm excitations. The energy transfer phenomena from Gd3+→ Eu3+ in these glasses were observed. Intense reddish-orange emission were observed at 613 nm, which associated by energy transfer phenomena from Gd3+→ Eu3+ states in these glasses. The phonon sideband (PSB) and pure electronic transition (PET) were measured and calculated ponon energy of glasses. Decay time of GdBEu luminescence decreased with increase of Gd2O3 concentration. The Commission Internationale de l’Elcairage (CIE) color coordinates of GdBEu glasses displayed in reddish-orange region. X-rays induced luminescence presented 12% photon emission of GdBEu glasses comparing with BGO scintillation crystal.

Spectroscopic study of Er3+ doped borate glass system for green emission device, NIR laser, and optical amplifier applications

The 10BaO–20ZnO–20LiF-(50-x)B2O3-xEr2O3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mol %) glass system was studied for green emission device, NIR laser, and optical amplifier applications. The impact of Er3+ doping was assessed through structural, optical, and thermal properties. The Er3+ ions behaved as network modifiers and decreased the network rigidity by the transformation of [BO4]→[BO3] and Non-Bridging Oxygens. This was consistent with the decrease in the glass transition temperature. Ten absorption peaks of Er3+ ion equivalent to transitions from 4I15/2 to various excited levels were quantified through their oscillator strengths. Through broadband impedance spectroscopy, the insulating property of the glass system was authenticated by the persistence of dc-conductivity in the order of 10−10 Scm−1 up to 523 K. With 378 nm excitation, a violet emission (2H9/2→4I15/2) and two intense green emissions (2H11/2→4I15/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2) were noticed. The NIR emission (4I13/2→4I15/2) was observed at 1531 nm with 378 and 980 nm excitations and the corresponding decay curves were recorded. The Inokuti-Hirayama model indicated the increase in the energy transfer and reduction in critical distance amid the Er3+ ions with doping leading to energy migration through cross-relaxations and lifetime quenching. The laser parameters were determined from Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg theory. The color coordinates of the samples were lying in the green region, with purity >89% and CCT >6000 K. The gain coefficient from McCumber theory was positive for a population inversion >50%, with a wide gain between 1460 and 1565 nm, extending the application of the glass system as an optical amplifier in the S + C communication window.

Influence of gamma irradiation on photoluminescence and nonlinear optical properties of Eu3+ activated heavy metal borate glasses

Gamma irradiation effect on absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and nonlinear optical (NLO) features of Eu 3+ doped heavy metal borate glasses was studied and elucidated in detail. With blue light excitation, the emission intensity of Eu 3+ doped glass was monitored with respect to irradiated dose. The PL intensity of the glasses was reduced with a raise in gamma dose rate because of the formation of colour centres. The quality of the emission colour of the pre- and post-irradiated glasses was analysed using 1931 CIE system. The Nonlinear Optical (NLO) features were examined by the Z–scan technique in the near–infrared spectral region and using femtosecond pulse excitation. The NLO attributes were enhanced with increase gamma irradiation dose. These enhancements are ascribed to the development of defects and non–bridging oxygens when irradiated with gamma radiation. The enhancement of NLO coefficients with gamma irradiation dose suggest the high dose irradiated glasses are useful for photonic device applications, particularly for optical limiters. • Influence of gamma irradiation on the PL and NLO properties of Eu 3+ doped heavy metal borate glasses was investigated. • PL properties were evaluated under blue light excitation. • PL intensity of the glasses was reduced with a raise in gamma dose rate. • NLO attributes were enhanced with increase gamma irradiation dose.

Physical, optical and structural characterizations of Dy3+-doped lead borate glasses

In the current studies optical, physical and structural properties of rare-earth doped borate glasses have been reported. Bulk samples were prepared by using melt quenching technique with nominal composition 70B2O3-(17-x)ZnO-10PbF2-3Na2O-xDyF3 and 60B2O3-(27-x)ZnO-10PbF2-3Na2O-xDyF3, where (x=0,1). XRD analysis was used to confirm the amorphous nature of prepared samples. Optical and structural properties of as prepared samples were studied using UV-Visible and FTIR absorption spectra. The undoped and doped glasses exhibit characteristic absorption bands due to the presence of rare earth ion. A decrease in the band gap has been observed with the addition of rare earth ion. Variations in density have been observed with the addition of rare earth ion.

Structural, dielectric, optical and photoluminescence studies of Tm3+ doped B2O3-BaO-MgO-Li2O-Na2O-LiF glasses featuring strong blue emission

A series of Tm3+ doped lithium sodium barium borate glasses with following matrix compositions (50-x) B2O3-10BaO-10MgO-10Li2O-10Na2O-10LiF-xTm2O3 (x=0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mol %) were prepared by melt-quenching technique. The structural, dielectric, optical and luminescence properties of the glasses were studied. FTIR study shows the presence of various vibrational bands and the number of bridging (N4) and non-bridging (N3) oxygens were calculated from the deconvoluted FTIR spectra. The frequency and temperature dependent dielectric properties were analyzed in the frequency range 1Hz-1MHz and the temperature ranges 50 - 400 °C. The UV-Visible-NIR spectrum of the glasses showed the presence of five transition peaks emerging from the ground state (3H6) of Tm3+ ions. Bonding parameter showed the ionic nature exists between Tm3+ ions and its neighbouring ligands. Judd-Ofelt parameters were calculated following the same trend as Ω2 >Ω6> Ω4 for all the prepared glasses. The emission spectra of the glasses were recorded in the visible region and exhibited a strong blue emission at 454 nm from the level 1D2 → 3F4. Also, the prepared glasses have high experimental branching ratio value (~0.9) which suggests that the prepared glasses can be used for blue laser application. Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates and color correlated temperature (CCT) values (~1500K) supported the application of the glasses for cool blue solid-state lighting.

Nonlinear optical, optical limiting and radiation shielding features of Eu3+ activated borate glasses

Effect of trivalent europium ions on optical nonlinear and limitng features of antimony sodium borate gasses was studied at 532 nm using Z-scan method with pumping under nanosecond laser pulses. The Z–scan profile of studied glasses in open aperture configuration showed two photon absorption which is because of reverse saturable absorption. As the Eu2O3 concentration is elevated in the composition, the two–photon absorption coefficients were increased while the opposite trend has been noticed in optical limiting threshold values. This endorse, the high Eu3+ doped antimony sodium borate glasses are potential materials for fabricating the optical limiters to work in visible region for the safeguard of delicated instruments and also human eyes from high energy laser radaitions persuaded damages. Further, the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) revealed the incorporation of Eu2O3 enhances the LAC and thus an improvement on the shielding competence of the fabricated glasses occurs with the addition of Eu2O3. The effective atomic number (Zeff) results showed that the maximum interactions between the photons and the atoms of the glasses occurs at 0.122 MeV and the glass samples have a good blocking ability to the photons. The half value layer (HVL) found that to reduces as the Eu3+ content elevated to higher level in the composition. The radiation shielding factors showed that SNBEu2 glass with the 2 mol % of Eu2O3 is the superior shield out of the fabricated SNBEux samples.

Spectroscopy Characterization of MWCNT Doped B2O3-Gd2O3-ZnO-Er2O3 Glass for NIR Solid State Application

In this work, multi wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) doped borate glass has been successfully developed by melt quenching technique with the chemical composition 67.5B2O3-20ZnO-12Gd2O3-Er2O3-0.5MWCNT. Several peaks observed from absorption spectra due to transition from 4I15/2 as a ground state into several states i.e. 4G11/2, 2G9/2, 4F7/2, 4F5/2, 2H11/2,4S3/2, 4F9/2, 4I11/2, and 4I13/2. The sample shows a strong emission in 1536 nm because of 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition under 520 nm wavelength excitation. Emission around 402 nm and 471 nm under 270 nm excitation could be the indication for presence of MWCNT. The sample exhibits NIR to NIR up-conversion under 1500 nm excitation. Absorption data have been used to calculate optical band gap energy through Tauc plot method. This study shows that MWCNT doped borate glass could be a promising material for solid state application in NIR region.

Influence of Ag nano particles on spectroscopic and luminescence properties of Dy3+ doped borate glasses

Dy3+ doped lithium zinc borate glasses with silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching method. Impact of silver NPs on the luminescence properties of 59B2O3: 20ZnO: 10Na2O: 10Li2O: 0.5SnO: 0.5Dy2O3 glasses doped with Dy3+ions were investigated. Ag+ ions have been reduced and nucleated to AgNPs by thermochemical redox method. Amorphous characteristics of the glasses were confirmed by XRD measurements. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectra were used to estimate structural and vibrational bands of the glass samples. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band is observed at 419 nm for 0.3 mol% of Ag along with three absorption bands of dysprosium were observed. Luminescence studies were performed on these glasses and found that three emission bands at 484, 575, and 665 nm when excited with wavelength of 349 nm, which corresponds to 4F9/2 to 6H15/2, 4F9/2 to 6H13/2, and 4F9/2 to 6H11/2 transitions of Dy3+ ions.

Optical spectroscopy of chromium doped bismuth-lithium borate glasses

The optical absorption, photoluminescence, and electron spin resonance spectroscopies were used to investigate the effect of Bismuth oxide on a chromium doped borate glass system of composition 14.5% Li2O – 0.5% Cr2O3 – (85-x)% B2O3 – (x)% Bi2O3, x = 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 8.0, synthesized by conventional melt quenching technique. Two sets of Cr characteristic absorption bands were identified in the ultraviolet and visible regions. The intensity and/or peak position for these transitions could be readily tuned through Bi2O3 additives. The ligand field analysis applied to the absorption spectra revealed high field sites for Cr ions as inferred from the resulting Dq/B values. The presence of Cr6+ and Cr3+ ions is further supported by the development of well-defined photoluminescence peaks. The electron spin resonance spectra complement these optical findings and clearly identify resonance signals ascribed to Cr3+ and Cr5+, the latter in particular evolves monotonically with Bi2O3 content.

Investigation of Dy3+ Ion Doped Borate Glasses and Their Potential for WLED and Laser Application

In this research, Dy 3+ ion-doped Na 2 O-PbO-ZnO-Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 glasses were developed using the melt and quenching method. The addition of Dy 3+ ions in the glass improved the optical properties. The XRD graph verified the amorphous of the glass sample. FTIR showed the vibration of BO 3 and BO 4 in the structure of the glass. The enhancement of NBOs in the structure of the glass affected the reduction of the bandgap energy of the glass. The hypersensitive transition of the present glass was found at 1270 nm (infrared region) due to electron movement from the 6 H 15/2 level to the 6 H 9/2 + 6 F 11/2 level. The strong white emission of the glasses came from 575 nm (yellow region) and 483 nm (blue region) when excited by 349 nm. The CIE 1931 chromaticity was located at (0.37;0.40) and verified the white emission of the glasses. Meanwhile, the trendline of the JO parameter was W 2 > W 6 > W 4 ,indicating the high ionic character of the glass structure. The value of the calculated branching ratio and emission cross-section of Dy_1.0 glass was 0.64 and 0.90 x 10 -20 cm 2 , respectively. From the analysis of results, the present glass has high potential for WLED and laser application.

Synthesis, optical and radiation shielding capacity of the Sm2O3 doped borate glasses

A new glass system with a chemical formula (60-x) B2O3+20Bi2O3 +20Li2O+ xSm2O3: x = 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5 wt% was synthesized using the solid-state conventional approach. The density of the newly fabricated glasses was determined using the Archimedes method. The glasses’ structure was studied utilizing the X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Moreover, some of the most effective optical features such as the refractive index (n), energy gap (Eg), and Urbach energy (Eu) were determined based on the absorbance obtained from the UV-visible spectrum. Furthermore, the radiation shielding capacity of the newly fabricated samples was assessed utilizing the Monte Carlo Modeling (MCNP 5) code and Phy-X/PSD software. The calculated mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) values at 0.015 MeV were observed to increase from 21.893 to 25.570 cm2 g−1 for glasses BBLS1 and BBLS5 respectively. Simulations demonstrated that the MAC of the fabricated glasses enhanced with the insertion of the Sm2O3 contents. Besides, the buildup factors (EBF and EABD) were calculated using the program Phy-X/PSD. The removal cross-section ƩR for the fast neutrons was theoretically calculated. The calculated results showed the ƩR varied in the range between 0.170 and 0.241 cm-1 for glasses BBLS1 and BBLS5 respectively. The recorded results depict that the insertion of Sm2O3 enhances the optical, gamma-ray, and neutron shielding capacities.

Structural, luminescence and NMR studies on Nd3+-doped sodium–calcium-borate glasses for lasing applications

In this work, Neodymium (Nd3+) -doped borate glasses were synthesised by melt-quenching method and their structural as well as optical properties were analysed through XRD, Raman, NMR, DSC, UV–Visible, luminescence and decay studies for the possible application as laser gain medium. DSC and XRD results revealed that the glasses have high transition temperature and are in amorphous nature, respectively. The vibrational characteristics of the host matrices as well as the effect of Nd3+ incorporation were analysed by using Raman spectra, which exhibit majorly borate groups as supported by NMR results. The band gap energy of the glasses decreases with an increase in Nd3+ concentration. Using Judd-Oflet theory the characteristic intensity parameters (Ωλ, λ = 2, 4 and 6) were calculated and further used for calculating the various radiative parameters from the emission spectra. The emission cross-section (σem) was estimated as high as 1.15 × 10−20 cm2 from the Füchtbauer–Landenburg (FL) equation for the dominant 4F3/2→4I11/2 (1056 nm) transition. The effect of Nd3+ concentration on the lifetime of the 4F3/2 luminescent level was analysed from the decay curve analyses. From which, the corresponding quantum efficiency (η) was estimated and found as high as 54%. The investigated result suggests the prepared glasses can be utilized as gain medium to generate laser at around 1.05 μm.

Luminescence Properties of Magnesium Sodium Borate Glasses Doped Sm<sup>3+,</sup> Dy<sup>3+</sup> and Eu<sup>3+</sup>

The luminescence properties Dy3+, Eu3+ and Sm3+ doped magnesium sodium borate glasses were investigated. The glasses samples containing the composition 30MgO-70Na2B4O7.10H2O-xRE2O3 (where RE = Dy3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+, x = 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol %) are prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique. The optical properties have been evaluated using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. The X-ray Diffraction pattern was studied to confirm the amorphous nature of the prepared glass. The absorption spectra yield the most intense absorption bands and transition energy levels for Dy3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+ located at 347 nm (6H15/2 → 6P7/2), 393 nm (7F0 → 5L6), and 403 nm (6H5/2 →6P5/2) respectively. The emission spectra demonstrate the highest emission intensity centered at 463 nm (4F9/2 → 6F11/2 + 6H9/2), 612 nm (5D0 → 7FJ), and 599 nm (4G5/2 → 6H7/2) for Dy3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+ respectively. Dy3+ emits combination of blue, yellow, and red light, Eu3+ emits red light and Sm3+ emits orange to red light. The higher the content of Dy3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+, the higher the spectral or peak intensity for both absorption and emission. The findings could be useful for development of laser, light emitting diode (LED), and color displays applications. KEY WORDS: Luminescence, Borax glass, Magnesium, Dysprosium, Europium, Samarium.

Synthesis, structural, optical and radiation shielding features of tungsten trioxides doped borate glasses using Monte Carlo simulation and phy-X program

A novel glass system consists of six glasses was fabricated using melt quenching process according the chemical formula (60-x) B2O3+20Na2O2+20Bi2O3 +xWO3: x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt%. Archimedes method was used to determine the density and molar volume of the fabricated glasses. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction technique was used to show the variation of the amorphous phase with the addition of WO3 contents for the fabricated glasses. The optical features such as the refractive index (n), energy gap (Eg), distribution energy (Ed) and oscillation energy (Eo) were calculated based on the absorbance obtained from the UV-visible spectrum. The electromagnetic radiation (gamma ray) shielding capacity was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation (MCNP 5) code in addition to Phy-X program. The results showed that the highest linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) occurred at 0.015 MeV and increased from 99.532 to 138.656 cm−1 for glasses coded as W 1 and W 6 respectively. The obtained results showed an enhancement of gamma ray shielding capacity with the addition of WO3 (wt%) to the fabricated glasses. Based on the estimated LAC, other shielding properties were calculated such as the glass half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP) and effective atomic number (Zeff). Finally, the ability of the fabricated glasses to resist the charged particles (alpha and proton) and uncharged neutrons were also estimated using SRIM program and theoretical calculation. The obtained results refer that the insertion of WO3 contents improves the shielding capacity for alpha and protons while it reduces the effective removal cross section of the fabricated glasses.

Synthesis, Structural and Luminescence Studies of Europium Doped Borate Glasses

Different concentration of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0 & 1.5) mol% of europium doped lead borate lithium glasses were prepared by melt quenching method. The properties of thermal, photoluminescence & structural were analyzed using DTA, FTIR and emission spectra. Emission spectra was used to evaluate the Judd-Ofelt (JO) parameters. Radiative parameters like stimulated emission cross-sections (σe), effective band width (∆λeff), transition probabilities (A), optical gain bandwidths (σe x ∆λeff), radiative lifetime (τrad) and optical gain (σe x τrad) values were evaluated for the transition 5D0→7Fj (j=1, 2, 3 and 4) of Eu3+ ions. The outcome of transition 5D0→7F4 at its highest value of branching ratios and stimulated emission cross-section are evaluated with the literature. Hence we can could the prepared host glass doped with Eu3+ ions are good fibre amplifiers and it can be used as a red laser.

Optical, structural and gamma ray shielding properties of dolomite doped lithium borate glasses for radiation shielding applications

The elemental analysis of dolomite [CaMg(CO3)] doped glasses encoded DG10, DG20, DG30 and DG40 with different compositions is tested using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique. Next, the surface morphology of fabricated glasses was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the other hand, the optical properties of fabricated the Dolomite additive were evaluated along the wavelength ranged from 300 to 900 nm. At last, nuclear radiation shielding properties of dolomite glasses were determined for gamma-rays. It is observed from the optical absorption spectra that the surface becomes smooth with no agglomerations with Dolomite%30 and %40. In addition, the results showed that Dolomite additive improves the gamma protecting capacity of lithium borate glasses. As a result, it can be referred that a glass sample with the highest Dolomite additive encoded DG40 has better shielding efficiency in terms of radiation shielding.