Dopamine injected directly into the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens or tuberculum olfactorium of rat brain, following a nialamide pretreatment, caused dose-dependent hyperactivity. The hyperactivity was more intense after injections into the nucleus accumbens, but was limited by the development of stereotyped biting when larger doses of dopamine were injected into the caudat-putamen or tuberculum olfactorium. Haloperidol, fluphenazine and pimozide were shown to antagonise, in a dose-dependent manner, the hyperactivity induced by dopamine from all 3 areas. Pimozide appeared equieffective against the 3 hyperactivity responses but haloperidol and fluphenazine more readily antagonised the dopamine hyperactivity mediated from the mesolimbic areas, the nucleus accumbens and tuberculum olfactorium. Sulpiride, clozapine and thioridazine also caused dose-dependent reductions in the hyperactivity induced by dopamine injections into the caudate—putamen, nucleus accumbens and tuberculum olfactorium, although the doses required to effect this inhibition were notably larger than for the typical neuroleptics. Generally, these atypical agents were also least effective as antagnnists of the hyperactivity following intrastrial dopamine. Metoclopramide differed from all other agents tested in failing to antagonise the hyperactivity induced by dopamine injections into the nucleus accumbens. However, the responses to dopamine from the caudate-putamen and tuberculum olfactorium were both antagonised by metoclopramide, the striatal response being the least sensitive. The α-and β-adrenergic blocking agents, aceperone and propranolol, failed to reduce the hyperactivity induced by dopamine injections into the caudate—putamen, nucleus accumbens or tuberculum olfactorium. The abilities of the agents tested to antagonise a hyperactivity induced by dopamine in the striatum or in the mesokimbic areas, the nucleus accubens and tuberculum olfactorium, are compared with the potential of these agents to induce extrapyramidal side effects and to exert an antipsychotic action in man.