Donor Region Research Articles

ЮГРА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПОЗДНЕСОВЕТСКОЙ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ: РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИСТОРИЯ В ОБЩЕНАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ

The formation of Russia’s regional structure involves the combination of two main perspectives — regional and national. It is not a matter of “overlaying” one chronological and event framework on another, but of identifying the degree of correlation of regional history with the national processes in which the subjectivity of the region is reflected and formed. The history of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Ugra is one of the significant examples of such a combination of research perspectives. The 1953–1991 period occupies a special place in the history of Ugra — from the thaw to perestroika. In a very short time by historical standards, the region has experienced a qualitative turn in its development. The oil factor played a dominant role in the process of establishing the subjectivity of Ugra as a region, being at the same time a resource for economic development, a locomotive of modernization and a catalyst for sociocultural changes. As a result of intensive industrial development in the 1960–1980s the place of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in Russia’s regional structure has changed radically: from agrarian and unpromising it turned into industrial and intensively progressive; the subsidized region became a donor region, providing the Soviet Union with solutions of not only economic, but also geopolitical challenges. The case of Ugra gives an opportunity to focus on the Soviet specificity of modernization of territories of new industrial development. The region’s modernization strategy has been both progress and challenge, radically changing the natural and social environment of the region. The consequences of these transformations — regardless of the mark of their retrospective assessment — have been long-lasting and influence the life in Ugra to this day.

Депозитно-кредитний потенціал банків у розвитку Карпатського регіону України

The aim of the article is to determine the deposit and loan potential of banks and the possibilities of its accumulation in the development of the economy of the Ukrainian Carpathians. It is proposed to consider the regional banking system as a set of banking institutions that are located in a certain territory, have their own deposit and loan potential, are an integral part of the country’s banking system and perform a dual function: ensure the development of the country’s banking system in general and form the deposit and loan potential to meet the needs of the region’s economy in particular. It is specified that the efficiency of functioning of the region’s banks is determined by their ability to transform the accumulated deposit potential into loans for the development of the economy, satisfaction of consumer needs of the population, which will ensure the growth of the gross regional product, the competitiveness of the financial sector of the region, and the well-being of the population. An approach to assessing the possibilities of attracting the potential of banks in the development of the region’s economy has been developed. The carried out calculations showed a negative tendency of a decrease in the Ukrainian Carpathians of both the total number of existing structural subdivisions of banks and the number of such subdivisions per 100 thousand inhabitants, which is due to the war, the temporary occupation of part of the territories, the post-COVID period. It is analytically proved that in the conditions of wartime, the trend of confidence in the banking system and the increase in the deposit potential of regional banks against the background of a decrease in the number of their structural divisions has been preserved. The share of loans granted in the Ukrainian Carpathians in their total volume in Ukraine increased and showed that during the wartime, the volume of loan activity in the Ukrainian Carpathians increased, which did not correspond to the general downward trend in loan activity in Ukraine. According to the conducted research, it is stated that the volume of loans granted in the Ukrainian Carpathians was much less than the attracted deposits, that is, the available resources are sufficient to cover the existing and potential needs for lending to the regional economy. It is proposed to attribute the regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians in terms of deposit and loan potential to donor regions, which are able to fully provide financing for their own development, and direct the excess resources to meet the needs of other regions. Further research will be aimed at developing mechanisms for attracting the potential of the banking system to the development of the Ukrainian Carpathians regions’ economy on the basis of the use of economic and mathematical instruments and the clustering method.

Teacher migration in the Kaliningrad region and its impact on the exclave's economic security

The Kaliningrad region is one of the Russian Federation's subjects enjoying a considerable migration gain. At the end of 2021, it ranked fifth in the top 10 in positive net migration after Sevastopol, the Kaluga and the Leningrad regions, and the Republic of Adygea. However, the occupational and age composition of migrants does not fully meet the needs of its labour market, despite the region's active policy to attract and redeploy workforce. A relatively stable influx of teacher migrants and in-region training do not fill all available vacancies in the Kaliningrad region's education industry. The research problem from the economic security perspective is the scale of teacher migration, the correspondence of their qualifications and subject areas to the region's needs, their distribution within the region, and the effectiveness and efficiency of current resettlement support measures. The paper analyses the relocated teachers' and school principals' perception of factors and limitations of skilled migration, relocation support measures, features and challenges of settlement in the region based on the results of semi-structured biographical interviews conducted in the summer of 2022. The study identifies major strategies for teacher migration to the Kaliningrad region that determine the main possible scenarios for changes in its scale in view of the geography of donor regions and support measure development. Situational forecasting methods allowed for calculating the indicators for general education staff movement factoring in the influx of migrants and identifying the demand for teachers. This provided the basis for the assessment of achieved economic security. The study shows that ensuring the economic security of the exclave in education in the context of increasing migration is possible only given the implementation of active development measures and the use of internal human resources. This involves not so much the training of personnel as increased employment and retention, as well as the targeted attraction and settlement of teachers from the rest of Russia.

Vascularized omental tissue transfer for the treatment of lymphedema: a review

Lymphedema is a debilitating disorder caused by impaired drainage of the lymphatic system. In the Western world, lymphedema most often arises secondary to the treatment of malignancy. Patients with lymphedema experience progressive swelling, pain, numbness, and tingling, and decreased quality of life. Those with persistent symptoms may be subject to chronic cellulitis. The advent of microsurgery has enabled clinicians to transplant donor lymph nodes and their blood supply from a healthy site to the affected area in a procedure known as vascularized lymph node transplant (VLNT). One donor region is the omentum. Vascularized omental lymph node transfer (VOLT) has been shown to decrease limb volume, circumference, and subjective symptoms of lymphedema. The immunologic properties of the omentum make it a particularly useful lymph node donor site for patients with lymphedema-related cellulitis. The omentum may be harvested laparoscopically, with robotic assistance, or through a small laparotomy incision. In this review, we describe the relevant anatomy and history of VOLT as well as operative techniques. The risks, benefits, and relevant outcome studies will be reviewed. Recent applications of robotic surgery to VOLT will be addressed.

Migration balance in Russian Regions: Estimates based on current vital statistics and 2010 and 2020–2021 census surveys data

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the implementation of current registration of migration and the conduct of population censuses in the Russian Federation. Objectives. The article aims to conduct a critical analysis of the official indicators of migration growth (loss) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Methods. For the study, I used statistical research methods. Results. The article identifies the regions of Russia with the highest relative migration growth and relative migration loss. For the majority of regions characterized by high migration growth, the census showed an underestimation of migration, and in regions where there is an intensive decline in the population, an underestimation of migration loss was revealed. Conclusions. An estimate of migration growth based on the balance of the population makes it possible to identify the undercount of migration, as well as to more accurately identify donor and recipient regions.

Increasing Photoinduced Interfacial Charge Separation Lifetime through Control of the Twist Angle in the Donor Region of Carbazole-Based Dyes

Increasing Photoinduced Interfacial Charge Separation Lifetime through Control of the Twist Angle in the Donor Region of Carbazole-Based Dyes

Multi-Spectroscopic and TD-DFT Studies on Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Detection of Cyanide in an Aqueous Solution.

Different spectroscopic techniques and Density Functional Theory (DFT)/Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations have been employed to investigate the dual channel CN- detection behaviour of the developed chemo-dosimeter (AK3). The CN- with AK3 reaction triggered a colour change from pale yellow to colourless and enhanced fluorescence. UV-Vis, fluorescence, 1H & 13C NMR and mass techniques coupled with theoretical calculations (Mulliken charges, dihedral angles) revealed that the CN- sensing process mechanism involves deprotonation of the N-H group followed by nucleophilic addition reaction. Detailed TD-DFT calculations showed that the relaxation of excited electrons from LUMO and to two different ground states is responsible for the weak/moderate fluorescence of AK3. Nucleophilic addition of CN- to the C-atom of the CH = CH bridge terminated the π-conjugation between donor and acceptor regions, reduced the coplanarity, decreased the ICT transition and consequently enhanced the fluorescence of the probe. The practical utility of the probe was demonstrated by detecting cyanide in food materials and determining CN- in environmental water samples.

COSMO-RS guided screening of ionic liquids for the separation of fluorinated greenhouse gases R-410A: Delving into anion, cation effects, and hydrogen bond dynamics

Reclamation of high-GWP near-azeotropic refrigerant R-410A (50 wt% R-32 (difluoromethane) + 50 wt% R-125 (pentafluoroethane)) can be an effective way to mitigate the greenhouse effect and achieve a circular economy. Efficient ionic liquids (ILs) as extractants needed to be found for the extractive distillation (ED) separation process of R-410A. Given the numerous combinations of cations and anions in ILs, the discovery of an efficient IL via experimental methods proves to be an exceedingly complex task. In this work, the solubilities of R-32, and R-125 in 840 conventional ILs (comprised of 20 cations and 42 anions) were analyzed based on infinite dilution activity coefficient. The absorption mechanisms of R-32 and R-125 in ILs were elucidated by analyzing excess enthalpy (HE), excess Gibbs free energy (GE)) and surface charge density distribution through COSMO-RS (Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents). Results revealed that HE and GE of the mixture formed by R-125 and most ILs surpassed those of R-32, resulting in higher solubility of R-32 in most ILs compared to R-125. Structural changes of anions and cations had a greater effect on the solubility of R-125 in ILs. It is found for the first time that the existence of a strong hydrogen bond donor region in cations/anions generated intense repulsion with the hydrogen atom in R-125. Furthermore, a large area of weak polarity on the surface of cations/anions was difficult to form an effective charge shield with fluorine atoms in R-125, thus inhibiting the dissolution of R-125. Finally based on the identified interaction sites, combined with melting point and viscosity, some novel functional ILs with high selectivity for R-32 + R-125 were designed and determined for actual separation process. These findings significantly enrich the understanding of the solubility mechanism and provide theoretical guidance for designing new ILs for R-410A reclamation.

The effect of osteocyte-derived RANKL on bone graft remodeling: An in vivo experimental study.

Autologous bone is considered the gold standard for grafting, yet it suffers from a tendency to undergo resorption over time. While the exact mechanisms of this resorption remain elusive, osteocytes have been shown to play an important role in stimulating osteoclastic activity through their expression of receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL). The aim of this study was to assess the function of osteocyte-derived RANKL in bone graft remodeling. In Tnfsf11fl/fl ;Dmp1-Cre mice without osteocyte-specific RANKL as well as in Dmp1-Cre control mice, 2.6 mm calvarial bone disks were harvested and transplanted into mice with matching genetic backgrounds either subcutaneously or subperiosteally, creating 4 groups in total. Histology and micro-computed tomography of the grafts and the donor regions were performed 28 days after grafting. Histology revealed marked resorption of subcutaneous control Dmp1-Cre grafts and new bone formation around subperiosteal Dmp1-Cre grafts. In contrast, Tnfsf11fl/fl ;Dmp1-Cre grafts showed effectively neither signs of bone resorption nor formation. Quantitative micro-computed tomography revealed a significant difference in residual graft area between subcutaneous and subperiosteal Dmp1-Cre grafts (p < .01). This difference was not observed between subcutaneous and subperiosteal Tnfsf11fl/fl ;Dmp1-Cre grafts (p = .17). Residual graft volume (p = .08) and thickness (p = .13) did not differ significantly among the groups. Donor area regeneration was comparable between Tnfsf11fl/fl ;Dmp1-Cre and Dmp1-Cre mice and restricted to the defect margins. The results suggest an active function of osteocyte-derived RANKL in bone graft remodeling.

IMPACT OF SANCTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIL PRODUCING COUNTRIES

In the context of a growing shortage of financial resources and a change in priorities in the distribution of budgetary resources, the issues of managing the balance of the consolidated budgets of the Russian regions are of particular relevance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the formation of the financial result of the execution of the consolidated budgets of Russian regions during periods of economic recession and recovery, as well as to highlight the negative and positive aspects of the formation of the regional budget deficit. Materials and methods. The main research method was a retrospective analysis of the formation of the financial result of the execution of the consolidated budgets of Russian regions. Results. The article studies the negative and positive causes of the budget deficit, analyzes the dynamics of the financial result of the execution of the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation for the period 2013-2022; the dynamics of the aggregated deficit (surplus) of the budgets of Russian regions is considered; the features of the formation of the financial result of the execution of the budget of donor regions and subsidized regions are studied. Conclusions. A budget deficit is not always a negative phenomenon, as it may indicate that the budget is increasing spending on education, healthcare, social policy, stimulating and supporting business development, which leads to an increase in the quality of life in the region and an improvement in social – economic situation. Each region can potentially face a budget deficit as a result of its cash execution during the economic downturn, and most often the budget deficit reflects the crisis in the country's economy, as the regions' own incomes decrease and expenses increase significantly. During the crisis, not only subsidized regions, but also donor regions face a budget deficit.

Alien species established in the Bay of Biscay suggest significant contribution of both fouling and dry ship compartments

IntroductionThe majority of studies on marine biosecurity focus on aquatic species, but invaders can also use dry ship compartments for dispersal; this pathway has been less explored than fouling or ballast water. Here we analysed the maritime traffic of the international Port of Gijon (south Bay of Biscay, Spain) as a case study.MethodsMain donor countries were identified from traffic data. From the Global Invasive Species Database, we detected a similar proportion of expected global alien invasive species (AIS) from fouling and containers pathways to be actually settled in the recipient region.ResultsThe AIS diversity transported via fouling was higher than that transported by containers. No significant difference between Australia, Brazil, Canada and South Africa in the proportion of global AIS actually transferred to Bay of Biscay supports the vision of port networks as a new ecosystem with multiple demes. Different AIS catalogues in the donor regions may explain a higher proportion of terrestrial AIS introduced via containers from Brazil and South Africa and marine AIS introduced via fouling.DiscussionA more careful surveillance of biota in dry ship compartments, including it in a future revision in the International Convention for Safe Containers, is recommended to reduce the contribution of shipping to biological invasions.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE MIGRATION PROCESSES ON THE POPULATION DYNAMIC OF ALTAY REGION

The lack of human resources is a serious problem for Altay region that negatively affecting the economic development of the region. The migration processes are one of the factors that exert influence on the condition of the human resources and act as an indicator of the social and economic development of the region. The migration of the population becomes a leverage of the economic growth in the host regions. At the same time the outflow of qualified staff personnel from the territory of the donor regions is akin to a reduction in investment in their economy. The study found that during the specified period, the number of migrants arriving in the region decreased by 8.3 %, while the migration outflow decreased by 56.4 %. Arriving internal migrants is distributed in approximately equal proportions between the urban and rural populations, and most of them leave the countryside. More than 90 % of international migrants arriving in the region are CIS citizens. To a greater extent, people of active working and reproductive age (30–39 years) leave the region. For every man who left the region, there were 3 women who left. The conducted research allows us to prioritize the formation and implementation of the migration policy of the region. The activities aimed at increasing its economic potential are coming to the fore. Special attention should also be paid to the expansion and improvement of infrastructure in the broad sense of the word, conducting systematic monitoring of migration processes, development of regional systems of higher and secondary special education, immigration from abroad of qualified foreign specialists, as well as compatriots wishing to return to their homeland.

SP5.10 Is there a difference in Survival Outcomes of Dual Kidney Transplants (DKTs) of Allografts Procured from DCD versus DBD Donors in absence of a Dedicated National Pathology Service? A Propensity Score Analysis of UK Transplant Registry. An Epidemiology in Transplant Study Group (ETrSG) Initiative

Abstract Background Dual kidney transplants (DKTs) are generally from supra-marginal or small-for-size kidneys that are implanted to provide optimum total nephron-mass. Glomerulosclerosis Pathology Scoring is used globally to guide whether single or DKT are indicated for transplant. Additionally, there are reported concerns regarding donation after cardiac death (DCD) transplant outcomes’ inferiority to donation after brain death (DBD) transplants but there are no reported survival outcomes of DKT procured from DCD v/s DBD donors. Aim This study aims to research if there is a difference in survival outcomes of DKTs of allografts procured from DCD versus DBD Donors in the UK. Methods In this exploratory analysis, adults who underwent DKT in the UK between Jan 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019, were identified in the NHSBT-Transplant registry data. Post-transplantation graft survival at 1&amp; 3 years was assessed with cox-regression analysis, with propensity scores being used to control for selection bias. Results 51,961 renal transplants were reported to NHSBT during the study period, of whom 525 were DKT. After confounders were controlled for with propensity scores, no significant differences in survival outcomes were found between DCD and DBD transplants. Region of Transplant (OR 1.6, 1.0-2.5; p=0.02), transplant post-Year-2011 (OR 3.0, 1.7-5.2; p&amp;lt;0.00), and non-diabetic donors (OR 2.1, 1.1-3.9, p=0.009) were associated with better graft survival, while DBD transplants were associated with low delayed graft function rates (OR 0.4, 0.27 - 0.59; p&amp;lt;.001). Conclusions Survival outcomes of DKT procured from DCD versus DBD donors are equivalent. These results are admirable as the UK does not have a dedicated National-Pathology-Service to report pre-transplant renal biopsies.

3D Printing Technology with Reverse Guide Design in Autogenous Tooth Transplantation: An in vitro Pictorial Report.

The success of autologous tooth transplantation depends on the activity of the periodontal ligament of the donor tooth. Its activity decreases with a longer exposure time. In order to reduce the exposure time of the donor tooth and quickly prepare the alveolar fossa highly matching with the donor tooth root, the clinical data of cone-beam CT (CBCT) was imported into Mimics 21.0 software in this study to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images of the jaw tissue structure. The images were used to extract the target area and select the target tooth. By analysing the information of the recipient region and the donor region, 3-Matic 13.0 software was used to implant the donor virtual into the target region, and restrictive personalised guidance was designed. Subsequently, the surgical guide template was printed by 3D printing technology, and the alveolar fossa was rapidly prepared in vitro. After the operation, the donor tooth was matched with the complete alveolar cavity using 3-Matic13.0 software. The depth deviation of the prepared alveolar cavity was measured within 2.0 mm, and the width deviation was about 1.0 mm. The maximum width deviation is 2.88 mm due to the tilt of the roots. With a high matching degree to the donor tooth root, it needs further and larger clinical studies. Key Words: CBCT,Tooth autotransplantation, 3D printing technology, Computer-aided imaging, Periodontal ligament.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО БАЛАНСА РЕГИОНОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ НА НОРМЫ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТОВ ПИТАНИЯ

The article examines the impact of the food balance of the regions of the Russian Federation on the norms of food consumption recommended by the Ministry of Health of Russia. As a result of the clustering of regions according to the type of food balance, four types of regions were identified: a donor region with export-oriented production, a donor region with a focus on domestic demand, a recipient region with advanced import substitution, a recipient region with a focus on domestic demand. As a result of the study, a close relationship was confirmed between the recipient regions with a focus on domestic demand and the regions with the greatest deviation from the norms of food consumption.

Two centuries of spatial and temporal dynamics of freshwater fish introductions

AbstractAimInvestigating major freshwater fish flows (translocations) between biogeographic regions and their temporal dynamics and also quantifying spatial patterns and temporal changes in the array of introduced species, and the emergence and distance between major donor and recipient regions.LocationGlobal.Time Period1800–2020.Major Taxa StudiedFreshwater fishes.MethodsWe analysed a global dataset on freshwater fish introductions (4241 events of 688 species). Freshwater fish flows were investigated with flow diagrams and χ2 tests, while PERMANOVA (permutational multivariate analysis of variance) was used to test the association between species and regions and temporal shifts. Cluster analysis revealed major recipient areas and composition of the introduced species. Finally, changes in distances between donor and recipient sites were tested with PERMANOVA.ResultsThe number of introductions between biogeographic regions mirrored the European and North American dominance before World War II (WWII) and the trends in recreational fishing, biocontrol programmes and food production, especially in the Sino‐Oriental region, which has a long tradition of aquaculture and fishkeeping. Over the years, the origins and composition of introduced species changed uniquely in each biogeographic region, although the most introduced species are common to every region. Salmonids and other cold‐water species were frequently introduced before the 1950s, whereas tropical ornamental and aquaculture species currently prevail. Distances between donor and recipient sites did not vary over the time. After WWII, the Sino‐Oriental region consolidated its dominance and the Ethiopian and Neotropical regions emerged as new global donor and recipient regions.Main ConclusionsGlobal policy should focus on tropical ornamental and aquaculture species, which could benefit from global warming, especially in the Sino‐Oriental region, because it currently dominates freshwater fish species flows, and the Ethiopian and Neotropical regions, because they recently emerged as important global donor and recipient regions of freshwater fish introductions.

Testing of Different Scanning Protocols Used for Precise 3D-printing of Mandibular Models.

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is often necessary to manufacture 3D-printed medical models (MMs) required for mandibular restoration due to trauma or malignant tumor. Although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a preferable method of mandibular imaging, additional scanning is often unjustified. To test whether a single radiologic protocol could be used for mandibular reconstructions, the human mandible was scanned with 6 MDCT and 2 CBCT protocols and later 3D-printed using a fused-deposition modelling technique. Then, we assessed linear measures on the mandible and compared them with MDCT/CBCT digital scans and 3D-printed MMs. Our data revealed that CBCT0.25 was the most precise protocol for manufacturing 3D-printed mandibular MMs, which is expected considering its voxel size. However, we noted that CBCT0.35 and Dental2.0H60s MDCT protocols were of comparable accuracy, indicating that this MDCT protocol could be a single radiologic protocol used to scan both donor and recipient regions required for mandibular reconstruction.

Association of Socioeconomic Position With Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Survival After Lung Transplant

A recent National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine study found that transplant outcomes varied greatly based on multiple factors, including race, ethnicity, and geographic location. They proposed a number of recommendations including studying opportunities to improve equity in organ allocation. To evaluate the role of donor and recipient socioeconomic position and region as a mediator of observed racial and ethnic differences in posttransplant survival. This cohort study included lung transplant donors and recipients with race and ethnicity information and a zip code tabulation area-defined area deprivation index (ADI) from September 1, 2011, to September 1, 2021, whose data were in the US transplant registry. Data were analyzed from June to December 2022. Race, neighborhood disadvantage, and region of donors and recipients. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression were used to study the association of donor and recipient race with ADI on posttransplant survival. Kaplan-Meier method estimation was performed by donor and recipient ADI. Generalized linear models by race were fit, and mediation analysis was performed. Bayesian conditional autoregressive Poisson rate models (1, state-level spatial random effects; 2, model 1 with fixed effects for race and ethnicity, 3; model 2 excluding region; and 4: model 1 with fixed effects for US region) were used to characterize variation in posttransplant mortality and compared using ratios of mortality rates to the national average. Overall, 19 504 lung transplant donors (median [IQR] age, 33 [23-46] years; 3117 [16.0%] Hispanic individuals, 3667 [18.8%] non-Hispanic Black individuals, and 11 935 [61.2%] non-Hispanic White individuals) and recipients (median [IQR] age, 60 [51-66] years; 1716 [8.8%] Hispanic individuals, 1861 [9.5%] non-Hispanic Black individuals, and 15 375 [78.8%] non-Hispanic White individuals) were included. ADI did not mediate the difference in posttransplant survival between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White recipients; it mediated only 4.1% of the survival difference between non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic recipients. Spatial analysis revealed the increased risk of posttransplant death among non-Hispanic Black recipients may be associated with region of residence. In this cohort study of lung transplant donors and recipients, socioeconomic position and region of residence did not explain most of the difference in posttransplant outcomes among racial and ethnic groups, which may be due to the highly selected nature of the pretransplant population. Further research should evaluate other potentially mediating effects contributing to inequity in posttransplant survival.

The faunal Ponto-Caspianization of central and western European waterways

As alien invasive species are a key driver of biodiversity loss, understanding patterns of rapidly changing global species compositions depends upon knowledge of invasive species population dynamics and trends at large scales. Within this context, the Ponto-Caspian region is among the most notable donor regions for aquatic invasive species in Europe. Using macroinvertebrate time series collected over 52 years (1968–2020) at 265 sites across 11 central and western European countries, we examined the occurrences, invasion rates, and abundances of freshwater Ponto-Caspian fauna. We examined whether: (i) successive Ponto-Caspian invasions follow a consistent pattern of composition pioneered by the same species, and (ii) Ponto-Caspian invasion accelerates subsequent invasion rates. In our dataset, Ponto-Caspian macroinvertebrates increased from two species in 1972 to 29 species in 2012. This trend was parallelled by a non-significant increasing trend in the abundances of Ponto-Caspian taxa. Trends in Ponto-Caspian invader richness increased significantly over time. We found a relatively uniform distribution of Ponto-Caspian macroinvertebrates across Europe without any relation to the distance to their native region. The Ponto-Caspian species that arrived first were often bivalves (46.5% of cases), particularly Dreissena polymorpha, followed secondarily by amphipods (83.8%; primarily Chelicorophium curvispinum and Dikerogammarus villosus). The time between consecutive invasions decreased significantly at our coarse regional scale, suggesting that previous alien establishments may facilitate invasions of subsequent taxa. Should alien species continue to translocate from the Ponto-Caspian region, our results suggest a high potential for their future invasion success highly connected central and western European waters. However, each species’ population may decline after an initial ‘boom’ phase or after the arrival of new invasive species, resulting in different alien species dominating over time.

Migration in rural areas of Ethno-national regions of the Russian Federation: trends and consequences

This article analyzes the aspects of rural migration in the Russian Federation, highlighting its importance for the sustainable development of the regions. Particular attention is paid to migration in the ethno-national regions of the country, where it is considered as a complex and volatile phenomenon that has a profound impact on economic well-being, social infrastructure, cultural development and demographic structure of both donor and recipient regions. The authors analyze in detail both positive and negative aspects of migration flows in rural areas, including their impact on the labor market, entrepreneurial activity and social stability. Changes in the social life of rural communities caused by migration and the impact of these changes on traditional lifestyles and cultural values are also considered. The article is based on statistical data on the scale of migration of ethnonational regions for 2010-2022. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of socio-economic, demographic and socio-cultural aspects of rural migration, with an emphasis on the ethnonational characteristics of the regions. Quantitative analysis of statistical data and qualitative analysis of current migration trends were used. The article presents an innovative analysis of the role of ethnic factors in migration processes and their impact on socio-cultural dynamics in recipient cities of the Russian Federation, including large cities such as Moscow, Ufa, Kazan, Makhachkala and Cheboksary. The basics of how rural population migration affects urban processes such as housing construction, infrastructure development and social integration are highlighted. The authors emphasize the need for coordinated actions of regional and federal authorities in managing migration flows and solving related problems. The directions for future research are proposed, including the analysis of the consequences of migration for the socio-economic and cultural environment of cities and the development of adaptation strategies for migrants, taking into account their ethnic and cultural identity. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of migration processes for the social and economic development of Russia.