Dominant Theories Research Articles

The Authority and Domination of Kyai in Forming Religious Discourse and Practice in Islamic Boarding Schools

This article discusses the authority of the kiai and its dominance in an effort to construct religious discourse and practice in a pesantren. In the reasoning construction of pesantren, kyai is the single figure of the highest authority. On the other side, pesantren is a homogeneous educational institution that allows students (santri) from various socio-religious backgrounds to study religion in one place. The diversity of the background of the santri is very likely to be ignored by the kiai as the holder of the highest religious authority and effect to the practice of domination. In this case, the author conducted a study at the LSQ ar-Rohmah Islamic Boarding School, Bantul, Yogyakarta. This research is a qualitative research using two reading theories, Max Weber's theory of authority and Pierre Bourdieu's theory of dominance. The results of this study indicate that the kiai as the highest authority holder reflects at least two models of authority at once, charismatic authority because of his scientific capacity and traditional authority inherited from his predecessors. As the holder of authority and strengthened by the accumulation of economic capital, culture and symbols, the kiai has full power in formulating, determining and directing religious discourses and practices that take place in pesantren. Meanwhile, santri as a dominated group are only able to practice religious discourses and practices as part of the pesantren curriculum.

A CRITICAL APPROACH OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORIES

Along with the evolution of society, the theories of social entrepreneurship have also evolved, and the aim of our research consists of the critical analysis of the theories related to entrepreneurial intention with a particularization of social entrepreneurship. Our research results led us to conclude that the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is still a dominant theory used to measure entrepreneurial intention. However, the resource-based theory is much more oriented toward creating a genuine motivation for social entrepreneurs to transform their ideas into a social project, and the resources that the community makes available to the entrepreneurs have the potential to stimulate them to fulfill social goals. Consequently, the emotional feature of the social entrepreneur contributes to the promotion of entrepreneurial behavior oriented towards solving a specific social need of the community or society.

Analysis of the structure and evolution of sustainability accounting research: a 41-year review

PurposeIn the accounting field, sustainability accounting (SA) has evolved as a valuable tool that links improvements in environmental, social and governance issues to financial performance. This study aims to examine the structure and evolution of SA research, map the state of knowledge and analyse the literature trends and gaps.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a bibliometric review technique with data sourced from the Scopus database. A total of 7,049 extant literature spanning from 1982 to 2022 was analysed using the VOSviewer software.FindingsThe authors find a significant growth in the number of publications on SA research, primarily driven by collaboration among researchers from Europe and America. The analysis highlights emerging themes, structure and discusses in detail the changing phases of SA research over the past four decades while highlighting key events that have impacted the development of SA research. Furthermore, the dominant theories used by extant studies are discussed and potential avenues for future research are provided. The authors draw the attention of the research community to the dominant authors, the most cited articles, prominent publication outlets and countries advancing research in this field.Originality/valueThis study advances knowledge on SA research by providing a retrospective assessment of the state of knowledge in the field while highlighting avenues for future research.

Using the "Pence Rule" as a Sexual Harassment Prevention Tool: The Unintended Consequences on Gender Equality

With the resurgence of the #MeToo movement, the Pence Rule has been used by men to prevent sexual harassment liability. Regardless of the intention of using this rule, it could damage the climate of inclusion and women's career equality. We integrate gender equality and inclusion research and social dominance theory to understand people's perceptions and potential consequences of using the Pence Rule. We use a grounded theory approach to identify the perceptual similarities and differences across the timeline of #MeToo. We theorize potential antecedents and outcomes of using the Pence Rule by examining comments from three major U.S. news articles related to the issue. We identify seven categories, including the legal aspects, men and women's character, view of gender equality, political leadership, the cultural aspects (religion and history), behavioral outcomes, and effects on gender equality. The first five are theorized as potential antecedents, and the last two are identified as potential outcomes. All three articles' comments show similarities regarding support for using the Pence Rule from the legal aspects and related to behavioral outcomes, contrasted by criticism of the Pence Rule as it relates to and impacts gender equality.

Two Racial Capitalisms: Marxism, Domination, and Resistance in Cedric Robinson and Stuart Hall

AbstractThe popularity of the concept of “racial capitalism” has exploded over the past decade, penetrating both academic and activist circles. Two thinkers have been foundational to this revival: Cedric Robinson and Stuart Hall. Whereas previous scholarship has tended to merge these two thinkers into a single framework, we argue that they develop divergent, and potentially irreconcilable, theories of racial capitalism. Robinson and Hall both challenge an orthodox Marxism that crudely reads politics from class position, and both point to the constitutive roles of culture and racism in mass mobilisation. Yet they diverge in two key ways. First, they root their theories in incongruous systemic logics: Robinson emphasises racial differentiation and domination, whereas Hall emphasises the maintenance of capitalist hegemony. And second, Robinson's theories of domination and resistance are rooted in spatial connections, most importantly via Western racialism and what he calls the Black radical tradition, both of which envelop the globe. By contrast, Hall insists on the spatial fragmentation of domination and resistance, which emerge as conjunctural articulations in specific contexts. Challenging the idea that there is a singular racial capitalism lens or frame, we urge scholars and activists alike to rigorously interrogate the specific mechanisms linking racism and capitalism.

The role of passion in the resilience process

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the construct of passion as well as its consequences on people’s functioning and resilience. First, the concept of passion is introduced briefly, followed by a presentation of the dualistic model of passion, the dominant theory on passion and associated research. The dualistic model of passion posits that harmonious passion, a type of passion that is well-integrated into one’s life and identity, leads to adaptive outcomes. Conversely, obsessive passion, an all-consuming type of passion, leads to less adaptive, and at times maladaptive, outcomes. Results of two lines of research on the role of passion in the resilience process provide additional support for the dualistic model of passion. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.

Sudden gains in depression and anxiety during an online pain management programme for chronic pain.

Chronic pain is associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Pain management programms, delivered face-to-face or via the internet, can effectively help adults manage the impacts of chronic pain. Sudden gains are defined as substantial, rapid, and lasting symptom reductions that occur between consecutive treatment sessions and have been associated with better treatment outcomes in non-pain samples. This study examined whether adults with chronic pain report sudden gains in depression or anxiety symptoms during an 8-week online pain management programme, and whether sudden gains were associated with better treatment outcomes for depression or anxiety. Dominant theories of sudden gains argue that therapists are required for sudden gains to be maintained and improve treatment outcomes. Using data from a published randomized controlled trial (n = 338), sudden gains and treatment outcomes were compared across three levels of therapist guidance provided alongside the programme: weekly, optional, and self-guided. Similar rates of sudden gains were observed in depression (22%) and anxiety (24%) across the treatment period, and most sudden gains occurred between Weeks 1 and 2 of treatment. Therapist guidance was not associated with sudden gains; higher baseline symptom severity emerged as the only consistent predictor of sudden gain status. No significant differences in treatment outcomes for depression or anxiety symptoms between sudden gainers and non-gainers were observed across therapist guidance conditions. These results do not support an association between sudden gains in depression or anxiety symptoms and better post-treatment outcomes, at least for adults with chronic pain. Sudden gains in depression and anxiety symptoms were not associated with improved treatment outcomes for adults with chronic pain who participated in an online pain management programme, regardless of the level of therapist guidance provided. These findings suggest possible differences in symptom change in chronic pain samples compared to general population samples.

Black Male Bodies in White Female Spaces: Power, Dominance, and Myth in Social Work Education

ABSTRACT In 2008, the Council for Social Work Education re-envisioned its accreditation framework. The primary intent was to advance more equitable social work educational environments, which required highlighting curriculum content, and the culture of human interchange. Still, little has been provided regarding their intersectional effects on classroom culture, or students’ educational experiences. To respond to this gap, this study explores the realities of 17 African-American male social work students attending predominantly White collegiate institutions. Interpretive phenomenological analysis, social dominance theory, and Foucauldian power were used to explore and contextualize participants’ experiences. Major findings highlight the nuanced ways gender and race intersect with power, curriculum, and pedagogical practices to protect and promote historically normative structures of racial dominance within social work education.

THE GEOLOGICAL TRAVELS OF ACHILLE DE ZIGNO IN THE DOLOMITES DURING THE SPRING OF 1846

ABSTRACT The nobleman Achille De Zigno (1813–1892) was an Italian geologist and naturalist who studied the geological and paleontological features of the Veneto and Tirol regions. His field notes were accompanied by a great number of extremely detailed drawings. His eight notebooks were written between 1841 and 1890, starting when he was 28 until shortly before his death in 1892. He sketched mountain sections, maps, geological outcrops, and he made ink drawings of fossils together with archeological and landscape views. The most impressive features in De Zigno's notebooks are the illustrations of a great number of ‘strati’. These testify to the great effort he made to understand the age and stratigraphic order of the main geological sections in the mountains which he visited. In the spring of 1846, De Zigno crossed the already renowned Dolomites and described in detail in his notebooks the geology of the area, providing a state-of-the-art account of the geological kowledge of the Dolomites during the mid-nineteenth century. Using a geological map prepared by Leopold von Buch, De Zigno travelled from Auer (Ora) to Bozen (Bolzano), walking through all the western Dolomites, including a site in the village of Predazzo. The former locality, described by Giuseppe Marzari Pencati in 1819, was renowned for its rock layer sequence which contradicted neptunism, a dominant stratigraphic theory of the early 19th century. De Zigno, in sketching the ‘Stratified rocks’ underlying the so-called ‘Primitive rocks’ that therefore were not placed at the base of the entire stratigraphic sequence, made a significant contribution to the history of geology of the Dolomites of that time.

Ongoing, Chronic Stress Exposure Is Related to Impaired Vascular Endothelial Function Among Young Adults Irrespective of Subjective Appraisal of Stressor Severity

Introduction: Chronic stress is associated with cardiovascular morbidity independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Vascular endothelial function (VEF) is predictive of cardiovascular risk and is reduced in response to transient and chronic psychosocial stress. While dominant stress theories (i.e., differential exposure model) posit that stress exposure explains health disparities, it has also been hypothesized that the subjective experience of these stressors — or stress appraisal — may also influence the effects of stress exposure on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of ongoing, chronic stress exposure and stress appraisal on VEF in young adults. Our hypothesis was that ongoing, chronic stress exposure, rather than stress appraisal, would be more strongly and inversely associated with VEF. We further conceptualized that stress appraisal would moderate the association between stress exposure and VEF. Methods: In 64, healthy young adults (75% Female; age = 25 ± 5 y), we assessed cumulative, chronic stress exposure with a measure that quantified ongoing exposure to 8 specific stressors over the last 12 months. For each chronic stress exposure reported, participants rated the perceived stressor severity using a 3-point Likert scale ( 1 = not upsetting, 2 = somewhat upsetting, 3 = very upsetting). The number of stressors was used as the indicator of ongoing, chronic stress exposure, while the average stressor severity was used as the indicator of stress appraisal. We assessed VEF using the brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) technique normalized to the shear rate stimulus (%·[s1×10−2]) quantified as shear rate area under the curve. Using partial correlations, we examined relations among ongoing, chronic stress exposure and stress appraisal versus VEF, independently of sex. We then conducted an exploratory moderation analysis to assess whether stress appraisal moderated the effect of ongoing, chronic stress exposure on VEF. Results: Ongoing, chronic stress exposure (r=-0.32, p<0.05), but not stress appraisal (r=-0.13, p=0.34) was related to VEF. Further, stress appraisal did not significantly moderate the association between ongoing, chronic stress exposure and VEF (p=0.69). However, the direct effect of ongoing, chronic stress exposure was statistically significant (β = -0.51; p=0.009), whereas the effect of stress appraisal was not (p=0.79), confirming our initial correlation analyses. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ongoing, chronic stress exposure, rather than the subjective appraisal of this stress, significantly predicts impaired vascular endothelial function among young adults. Thus, our findings provide initial evidence indicating that stressor exposure is suffcient to increase cardiovascular risk independently of the perceived severity of the stressor(s) among young adults. However, the strength of our moderation analysis is limited by sample size, and future larger-scale studies may be necessary to fully understand the degree to which stress appraisal moderates the link between chronic stress and cardiovascular risk. Future studies may also seek to understand how potentially important, modifiable psychological processes influence this relationship, which may also be independent of stress appraisal. Funding provided by a grant from the Injury Prevention Research Center through the CDC (R49 CE003095; NDMJ and EBKT). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Analysis of The Influence of Technology, Latest Working Equipment Usage, and Industrial Relations Strategies Towards Business Sustainability

This research aims to contribute to modern business, new work systems, and industrial relations. This research is a longitudinal study involving manufacturing companies. Researchers collected data at two different periods. Researchers surveyed by sending a questionnaire to the company's human resources managers. Research findings show a reasonably strong relationship between implementing new work practices and better company results. However, according to the dominant theory, this result does not always occur in every case. These results indicate a greater focus on small businesses, which play a significant role in the fabric industry. The third result shows the durability or sustainability of individual practices. These new practices have proven effective in improving company performance, which may be why groups are more confident implementing them. Discriminant analysis reveals that firms' structural and market characteristics account for most of the variability in their orientation toward organizational innovation. The intensity of relationships with other companies positively correlates with using new work practices, mainly if the company operates internationally. The competition level in the company's market is also related to the use of new work practices and intense, innovative activities, especially those related to technology and the coordination of activities within the organization, such as information technology.

Уголовно-релевантный аффект и реакция самовзвинчивания

<p style="text-align: justify;">The relevance of the study is determined by the difficulties of differential diagnosis of criminally relevant affect and emotional reactions, in the genesis of which self-excitation plays an essential role. The purpose of the study is to identify the essential signs of self-excitation, to analyze the psychological mechanisms of its occurrence and development. The phenomenon of self-excitation in individuals with personality disorders has been analyzed in the context of cognitive theories of emotions, neuropsychic homeostasis, affective complexes, dominance and aggression. It is concluded that self-excitation can be defined as a multicomponent mental process that causes the intensification of emotional arousal through autostimulation, which can be carried out both internally and with the mutual influence of both internal processes and external influences. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that in the differential diagnosis of affect and mental states associated with self-excitation, with a similar phenomenology of the criminal stage, it is necessary to take into account the different psychological mechanism of the emergence and development of an emotional reaction in a pre-criminal situation.</p>

Examining Women's HIV Protective Behaviors in Nepal.

Women's autonomy in decision making has important sexual and reproductive health implications. This study uses a nationwide analysis in Nepal to examine women's autonomy, attitude toward intimate partner violence (IPV) behaviors, and HIV-related knowledge in the execution of HIV protective behaviors such as having one sexual partner or getting an HIV test to prevent HIV transmission. Secondary data analysis was conducted using the nationally represented Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (2016-2021) dataset. The sample included 9,904 women ages 15 to 49 who self-identified as ever married. Factor analysis for women's autonomy, attitude toward IPV behaviors, and HIV-related knowledge were conducted based on social dominance theory. Structural equation modeling was conducted, and the results indicated that higher autonomy decreased the risk of HIV infection through having one sexual partner. Factors related to multiple sex partners included unemployment, religious affiliation, and age. Similarly, higher autonomy, HIV-related knowledge, having a formal job, and urban residence increased women's likelihood of taking an HIV test. Women's higher education, greater wealth, religious affiliation, and youth also correlate with HIV testing. Future HIV prevention interventions should include strategies that support women's social and economic empowerment and enhance women's ability to make informed choices about their health and risks.

Questioning loneliness: an exploration of the research discourses related to stroke survival in a remote rural community in Scotland

This paper reflects on a pilot study exploring the loneliness experiences of stroke survivors living in remote rural communities in Scotland. Empirical evidence gathered at the time of establishing this study demonstrated that there were no studies published around the subjective experiences of stroke survivors living alone in remote rural Scottish communities. Yet, stroke survivors in rural settings in other parts of the world report a longing for social contact as well as the experience of a reduction in participation in shared activities, suggestive of potential loneliness and isolation. This paper focuses on our experience interviewing one participant recruited in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the pandemic, the study had to be terminated, but we were left with data gathered from this one conversation which revealed a rich narrative centred around past and present occupations. At no point was there any sense of loneliness expressed, despite the context within which this participant lived: alone, in a remote community, experiencing a degree of communication difficulties and unable to leave the house independently. All commonly hallmark ‘warning signs’ of a person at risk of loneliness. In this reflection we offer perspectives on assumptions and expectations of loneliness that are problematically constructed by the dominant narratives and theories at the time.

When the window is a mirror: how do dominant theories limit our understanding of nature? (ESA 2023 INS23)

When the window is a mirror: how do dominant theories limit our understanding of nature? (<scp>ESA</scp> 2023 <scp>INS23</scp>)

Age and entrepreneurship: Mapping the scientific coverage and future research directions

Researchers’ interest in studying the relationship between age and entrepreneurship has mushroomed in the last decade. While over a hundred articles are published and indexed in the Scopus database alone with varying and fragmented results, there has been a lack of effort in reviewing, integrating, and classifying the literature. This article offers a framework-based systematic review of 174 articles to comprehend the relationship and influencing factors related to an individual's age and entrepreneurship. Bibliographic coupling is used to identify the prominent clusters in the literature on this topic and the most influential articles. Also, the TCCM review framework is adopted to provide a comprehensive insight into dominant theories applied, contexts (geographic regions and industries) incorporated, characteristics (antecedents, consequences, mediating and moderating variables, and their relationships) investigated, and research methods employed in age and entrepreneurship research over the last fifteen (2007–2022). Though the literature covers an array of industries, to better understand the age-entrepreneurship correlation, we need to investigate the new-age technologically driven business sectors further to expand our knowledge. Furthermore, we detect that the Theory of Planned Behavior mostly dominates the literature, with other theories trivially employed. Finally, we apply the TCCM framework to suggest fertile areas for future research.

Impact of supervisor identity on hospitality employees’ work intentions: Rethinking of social dominance and intersectionality theory

This study employs social dominance theory to investigate the influence of supervisors' group identification, including gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation, on hospitality employees' work intentions with supervisors. By including trust in supervisor as a mediator and the need for cognition as a moderator, this study offers insight into the psychological process through which hospitality employees develop their intentions to work with a certain group of supervisors. The results from a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment suggest that the supervisor's gender and sexual orientation affect employees' intentions to work with the supervisor, while ethnicity does not. Results also reveal the mediating effect of trust in supervisor and the moderating effect of the need for cognition on the relationship between supervisors' group identification and intentions to work with the supervisor. Study findings have theoretical and managerial implications for developing diversity management practices in hospitality.

Linguistic domination: A republican approach to linguistic justice

Linguistic justice is about institutions distributing material and symbolic resources fairly when they are faced with linguistic diversity. However, no theory of linguistic justice has developed a systematic and comprehensive account of the moral dilemmas that take place in interpersonal linguistic relationships, in particular the power dynamics leading to (linguistic) domination. The aim of this article is to start building a general theory of linguistic domination, one that offers new conceptual tools for both empirical and normative analyses of linguistically diverse societies. Using the republican tradition of thought, I argue that there is linguistic domination whenever someone is subject to the uncontrolled capacity for interference over their linguistic uses, ideology and acquisition by another agent. This article tests under what conditions this phenomenon takes place and the parties involved in it (both in terms of individuals and political institutions).

Film, observation and the mind.

This special issue considers the significance of film to the establishment and development of scientific approaches to the mind. Bonnie Evans explores how the origins of film technologies in 1895 in France encouraged a series of innovative collaborations, influencing both psychological theorisation, and new filming techniques. Jeremy Blatter explains how Harvard psychologist Hugo Münsterberg created early films specifically designed to engage audiences using psychological tactics. Scott Curtis' article examines how Yale psychologist Arnold Gesell was able to extract scientific data from a film. Felix Rietmann's article explores a collection of infant observation films from the 1930s and 1960s and how they developed unique narratives of mothers' engagement with their children that did not necessarily match up with dominant scientific theories. Janet Harbord's article considers how a trilogy of films made at the Maudsley Hospital in the 1950s engaged with innovative film-making techniques that captured behaviour as discrete units. Seth Watter further examines how William S. Condon's use of the unique technology of the Bell and Howell 173BD projector in the 1960s created new understandings of human behaviour that could not have been predicted in advance, and which were highly influenced by the technology itself. Finally, Des O'Rawe explores how radical approaches in both anti-psychiatry, and documentary film-making in the 1960s created new opportunities for audiences to engage with different psychological states. All of these developments in film and psychology continue to influence understandings in both these fields to the present day.

Economic, Social, and Political Elites in MENA Political Science

Recent Western literature concerning the political determinants of economic and social outcomes has primarily concentrated on regime types and the effectiveness of state institutions. While this literature has been influential among scholars of and in the Middle East and North Africa, there has also been an emphasis in the region on the interests and networks of economic and political elites—the interactions between rulers, elites, and the broader citizenry—to explain divergent policy outcomes. This is largely due to the inability of dominant mainstream institutional and structural theories to explain much of what has been observed in the region, viewing it as exceptional in its authoritarianism and resistance to global trends. In fact, the seeds for a more sophisticated understanding can be found in the literature on the Arab world that emphasizes relational dynamics between political and economic actors. Synthesizing the insights of scholars of the region has the potential to contribute more broadly to global debates on how political factors and conditions within states shape the quality of life experienced by their residents. Such a shift to viewing regimes as networks provides a useful framework for bridging the broader trends in political science with the work emanating from scholarship on the Middle East and North Africa.