Dominant Themes Research Articles

Opening decision spaces: A case study on the opportunities and constraints in the public health sector of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.

Decentralised and evidence-informed health systems rely on managers and practitioners at all levels having sufficient 'decision space' to make timely locally informed and relevant decisions. Our objectives were to understand decision spaces in terms of constraints and enablers and outline opportunities through which to expand them in an understudied rural context in South Africa. This study examined decision spaces within Mpumalanga Province, using data and insights generated through a participatory action research process with local communities and health system stakeholders since 2015, which was combined with published documents and research team participant observation to produce findings on three core domains at three levels of the health system. Although capacity for decision making exists in the system, accessing it is frequently made difficult due to a number of intervening factors. While lines of authority are generally well-defined, personal networks take on an important dimension in how stakeholders can act. This is expressed through a range of informal coping strategies built on local relationships. There are constraints in terms of limited formal external accountability to communities, and internal accountability which is weak in places for individuals and focused more on meeting performance targets set at higher levels and less on enabling effective local leadership. More generally, political and personal factors are clearly identified at higher levels of the system, whereas at sub-district and facility levels, the dominant theme was constrained capacity. By examining the balance of authority, accountability and capacity across multiple levels of the provincial health system, we are able to identify emergent decision space and areas for enlargement. Creating spaces to support more constructive relationships and dialogue across system levels emerges as important, as well as reinforcing horizontal networks to problem solve, and developing the capacity of link-agents such as community health workers to increase community accountability.

A case study of pragmatic measure development of the Treatment Integrity for Elementary Settings self-report measure for teachers.

Due to usability, feasibility, and acceptability concerns, observational treatment fidelity measures are often challenging to deploy in schools. Teacher self-report fidelity measures with specific design features might address some of these barriers. This case study outlines a community-engaged, iterative process to adapt the observational Treatment Integrity for Elementary Settings (TIES-O) to a teacher self-report version designed to assess the use of practices to support children's social-emotional competencies in elementary classrooms. Cognitive walkthrough interviews were conducted with teachers to improve the usability of the teacher self-report measure, called the Treatment Integrity for Elementary Schools-Teacher Report (TIES-T). Qualitative content analysis was used to extract themes from the interviews and inform changes to the measure. Increasing clarity and interactive elements in the measure training were the dominant themes, but suggestions for the measure format and jargon were also suggested. The suggested changes resulted in a brief measure, training, and feedback system designed to support the teacher's use of practices to support children's social-emotional competencies in elementary classrooms. Future research with the TIES-T will examine the score reliability and validity of the measure.

Mapping the landscape of e-learning research: a bibliometric analysis

This research conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of academic publications on e-learning, aiming to gain perspectives on the state of the field, and the emergence of patterns within this field of study. A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus database, yielding 1983 documents related to e-learning. The network analysis focused on keyword distribution, country representation, and co-authorship using VOSViewer software and weighted degree centrality. The keyword analysis revealed “e-learning” as the dominant and central theme, highlighting its significance in the research domain. The emergence of “Covid-19” as a widely used keyword for searches implied that the pandemic affected e-learning activities. Moreover, the representation of institutions from diverse countries showcased the global interest in e-learning research, fostering potential cross-cultural collaborations. Additionally, the increasing trend in e-learning research publications over the years indicated the growing importance of digital education. The interdisciplinary nature of e-learning research, spanning Computer Science, Social Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, underscored the field’s diverse perspectives. Furthermore, the Social Network Analysis unveiled collaborative networks of co-cited authors, regions, and keywords, illuminating the interconnectedness within the e-learning research community. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the e-learning research landscape, facilitating informed decision-making for researchers, educators, policymakers, and institutions. Likewise, the analysis provides valuable insights for future research directions, enabling advancements in e-learning practices and fostering innovation in the digital age.

Challenges in the spread of feminism on social media: A case study on Barbie’s dissemination and promotion on Rotten Tomatoes

This study investigates the challenges of disseminating feminist messages on social media, focusing on the film Barbie as an example. Feminism has gained significant academic attention, intersecting with various social, political, and economic domains. The study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative methods to conduct a comprehensive analysis of social media reactions and feedback horn platforms such as Twitter. Facebook, and Instagram. The findings reveal a complex landscape where Barbie is both praised for its progressive portrayal of female empowerment and criticized for superficial engagement with deeper feminist issues. Utilizing word clouds to identify dominant themes, the research provides a detailed understanding of public perceptions. The study highlights the evolving nature of feminist discourse in the digital age and underscores the critical role of media in shaping public perceptions of gender equality.

Narratives of pregnancy across 19 Countries: Analysis of a 1.5-billion-word news media database.

Pregnancy is a universal experience shaped by sociocultural contexts. News media presents a unique opportunity to analyze public narratives of pregnancy and how it differs across cultures. Our study aims to (1) identify the most prevalent overall themes in news media narratives of pregnancy across 19 English-speaking countries, and (2) compare pregnancy narratives across geographic regions. We used the largest English news media corpus that included over 30 million news articles from more than 7000 news websites across 19 countries, and extracted a one-year data subset (2019; 1.5 billion words). Of the primary search terms 'pregnant' and 'pregnancy', we collated 240,464 descriptors that met criteria of lexical proximity and semantic bonding. Thereafter, we used topic modelling to identify the five most prevalent pregnancy-related themes: (1) complications and risk, (2) crime, (3) celebration, (4) celebrity births, and (5) contraception. Although there were regional differences, themes of complications and risk were most common, comprising 39.6% of all pregnancy narratives in our big-data corpus. The second-most dominant theme was crime (20.8%). Narratives of contraception were more prevalent in Europe, North America, and Oceania (27.2-31.3%) compared to Africa and Asia (11.9-19.6%). Though the vast majority of pregnancies are healthy, themes of complications and risk dominated the news media discourse; unchecked, this may be an avenue for misinformation, stress, and anxiety. In addition, lower prevalence of contraception narratives in Africa and Asia may reflect a gap that requires the attention of policymakers in building culturally-adapted programs to promote family planning and encourage open discussions about sexual health. Results contribute to the academic repository of societal representations of pregnancy through a big-data lens, providing contextual information for future development, implementation and evaluation of localized pregnancy-related campaigns.

Mapping the Financial Risk Management Landscape: A Bibliometric Analysis of Recent Trends and Influential Contributions

This bibliometric analysis explores recent trends and influential contributions in financial risk management, shedding light on thematic clusters, keyword occurrences, and highly cited works. The analysis encompasses a wide array of literature, ranging from the integration of risk considerations into broader corporate strategies to the impact of technological advancements on risk management practices. Thematic clusters reveal the interconnectedness of business practices, corporate social responsibility, and risk management, while keyword occurrences highlight dominant themes like financial performance and credit risk management. Highly cited works by notable authors provide foundational insights into risk management for financial institutions, emphasizing liquidity risk, corporate governance, and the integration of theoretical frameworks with practical applications. The synthesis of these findings offers a comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape of financial risk management, guiding researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in navigating the complexities of risk in contemporary financial contexts.

Visualizing Economics and Business in the field of Education: A Quantitative Analysis of Scholarly Literature

The objective of this study was to examine the fundamental fields of knowledge and forthcoming research directions in Education concerning Business and Economics (EBE) and to examine the spread of EBE and their diverse methodologies in the context of Education. We examined a total of 1246 scholarly articles and 2566 authors in EBE areas, extracted from Scopus databases. For data analysis and visualization of relevant literature, we utilized the science mapping software Bibliometrix. In addition, we conducted thematic evolution analysis, collaboration network analysis, trends analysis, and thematic analysis to extract the essential knowledge domains in the fields of the present study. The findings indicated that the dominant themes among author keywords were Higher Education, Business, and Management, with Entrepreneurship, Strategy, and Innovation being the basic areas of interest. Additionally, the emerging themes included Entrepreneurial Intention and Enterprise Education. The core intellectual themes that were uncovered in this study can assist scholars in gaining a deeper understanding of EBE, while also reducing research time and generating new research questions. To our knowledge, this study is one of the earliest to identify the core intellectual themes of EBE and highlight the research opportunities emerging in the field.

Community Participation in Local Political Processes: A Systematic Literature Review

The purpose of this study was to use a systematic literature review technique to describe and thoroughly investigate the understanding of community participation in the local political context. this framework, the role of community participation is considered a crucial element that has a significant impact in the process of policy formation and determining the direction of decision making at the local level. Involving the community in the local political process is not only an indicator of the health of democracy, but also the main basis for creating policies that are more representative and responsive to the needs and aspirations of local communities. By detailing these dimensions of community participation through a systematic literature review, this research aims to provide a solid conceptual foundation for understanding the complex dynamics involved in interactions between communities and local politics. The research results show several dominant themes in this study, such as Political participation and Community Participation. Furthermore, the themes that are most closely linked in this study are community development and developing countries. The most interesting finding in the in-depth study of local politics is the existence of several keywords that are closely related, such as broken window and disability.

Navigating the Landscape of Telemedicine Research: A Topic Modeling Approach for the Present and Future.

Introduction: Telemedicine, which is the provision of remote clinical services via telecommunication technology, has undergone an upsurge since the COVID-19 pandemic. To capture this paradigm, this study surveyed telemedicine literature, including postpandemic publications, to identify dominant research themes and temporal trends and suggest directions for future research. Methods: A corpus of 56,445 telemedicine studies is sourced from PubMed. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling performed using the Konstanz Information Miner platform. The textual data for topic modeling were processed by following standard procedures for natural language processing. Moreover, the term frequency-inverse document frequency approach was used to capture the importance of words within the corpus. We assessed perplexity, coherence, and the elbow method to determine the optimal number of topics for modeling. Results: The findings confirm the surge in telemedicine research after 2020, signifying its prominence. LDA topic modeling reveals seven distinct research themes, with the most prominent topic being "patient satisfaction" (21.38%) followed by "perspectives and challenges" (17.95%), and "smartphone apps" (14.32%). Furthermore, the results demonstrate a noticeable shift in topics from screening to therapeutic applications of telemedicine. Conclusions: This study serves as a guide for a broad range of telemedicine research topics. This synthesis of themes reflects the commitment of scholars to address the changing dynamics and health care needs, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, aging in place, smartphone usage, and technological advancement. The analysis also reveals flexible research responses to policy and contextual shifts, highlighting the collective drive to broaden the application of telemedicine in community health care.

Amateur Family Genealogists Researching Their Family History: A Scoping Review of Motivations and Psychosocial Impacts

A rapidly rising number of people are engaging in family genealogical research and have purchased home-based DNA testing kits due to increased access to online resources and consumer products. The purpose of this systematic scoping review is to identify and elucidate the motivations (i.e., pathways, reasons for conducting family history research) and the consequences (i.e., psychosocial impacts) of participating in this activity by amateur (unpaid) family genealogists. Studies published from January 2000 to June 2023 were included in our review, using the PRISMA methodology outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Reviewer Manual. A total of 1986 studies were identified using selected keywords and electronic databases. A full-text review was conducted of 73 studies, 26 of which met our eligibility criteria. The multiple dominant themes that emerged from the data analysis are organized into five categories: (1) the motivations for practicing family history research, (2) emotional responses to family secrets and previously unknown truths, (3) impacts on relationship with the family of origin and other relatives, (4) impacts on personal identity (including ethnic/racialized and family/social), and (5) identity exploration and reconstruction. Finally, these themes are connected to broader theoretical/conceptual linkages, and further, an agenda for future research inquiry is developed.

An analysis of the lived experiences of parents and care providers involved in care navigation for children with complex needs using an intersectionality health equity lens.

Background: The experiences of parents and care providers offer valuable insight into the inequities that exist in navigating care for children with complex needs (CCN). Care services for this vulnerable population are provided within fragmented health, social services, and education systems. Navigating care remains predominantly women’s work with both parents and care providers facing significant barriers accessing care for CCN.
 Who is it for? CCN and their families use a high volume of resources across multiple sectors requiring a coordinated effort by parents (often mothers) and care providers (often women) involved in their care.
 Who did you involve? This paper provides new insight into the work related to care navigation for CCN by applying an intersectionality health equity lens to a secondary analysis of data collected from semi-structured interviews of parents (n=33) and care providers (n=83) involved in care for CCN in two Maritime Canadian provinces.
 What did you do? In this secondary analysis, data grouped into ten dominant themes related to care navigation were viewed through an intersectionality health equity lens to identify tensions arising from intersecting relations of inequality with a focus on the implications of sex/gender, geography, and income-level in shaping the lived experiences of parents and care providers navigating care for CCN.
 What results did you get? This study found that care for CCN continues to be provided in a context of siloed health, social services, and education sectors perpetuating the difficulties experienced by parents and care providers needing to identify and access care services available to CCN within and beyond their community. Parents of CCN initially planned to share caregiving responsibilities equally, but only mothers reported leaving their jobs or not pursuing their careers to care for their CCN. Mothers researched available services, organized care appointments, arranged logistics (e.g. transportation, paperwork, care for other children), and advocated for their child. However, not all parents were equally able to navigate care for CCN due to differences in literacy rates, financial or geographic barriers, and care burdens, contributing to perceived inequities in access to care for CCN. Care providers reported trying to support parents in navigating care for CCN but these professionals experienced a lack of dedicated time, navigation training, and adequate remuneration during their efforts to provide the necessary assistance.
 
 What is the learning for the international audience? A dedicated role for paid patient navigators could help ensure meaningful access to care for CCN and their parents but this alone is not sufficient. 
 What are the next steps? In addition to supporting the women involved in care navigation work for CCN, it is essential to address interconnected systemic issues related to a lack of health human resources, unequal access to care in rural areas, and financial barriers to accessing care that falls outside of the publicly insured care mandated in national legislation.

Mapping Automation in Journalism Studies 2010–2019: A Literature Review

ABSTRACT The algorithmic turn has fundamentally transformed journalistic work. Academic interest in the implication of automated algorithms for journalism has grown hand-in-hand with their everyday use. This paper presents a literature review of peer-reviewed research reports (N = 62) on automated algorithms in the context of journalistic work. Our review focuses on the first decade (2010–2019) during which automated journalism gained traction. The study identifies the most prominent perspectives or themes that studies in automated journalism have explored and the future directions for research that researchers have proposed. Based on the analysis, the dominant themes that studies in automated journalism have covered include (1) testing and developing algorithmic tools, (2) developing practices and policies for journalistic work, (3) attitudes and technology acceptance, and (4) societal and macro-level discourses concerning AI and journalism. The new directions for research that studies on automated algorithms have recognized relate to (1) target groups and stakeholders—that is, who to study in the future; (2) emergent themes and phenomena—that is, what to study in the future; and (3) approaches and methodologies—that is, how to study these topics in the future. These findings help create a holistic picture of possible future directions for the field.

Mapping the Nexus: A Bibliometric Analysis of Pandemics and Slum Dwellers' Health

INTRODUCTION: Pandemics have historically posed significant threats to public health, with their impact often disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, including slum dwellers. The convergence of densely populated under-resourced urban areas and the rapid spread of infectious diseases presents unique challenges and heightened risks to the health and well-being of individuals residing in these marginalized communities.
 OBJECTIVES: The study aims to examine how the epidemic has affected slum residents. Additionally, the study intends to measure the stress and resiliency of such residents. For this reason, bibliometric analysis has been used. 
 METHODS: Such analysis has been carried out through the use of procedures like keyword selection, database selection, and research paper collection, search result refinement with selection and rejection criteria, and data collection and analysis. The databases Scopus and Dimension have been chosen to compile papers from 2020 to 2022. When searching for publications, terms like "slum dwellers," "coping strategy," "pandemic stress," and "slum resilience" are often used. Data analysis is done using the R software package Biblioshiny.
 RESULTS: China, Spain, and Switzerland lead in average article citations and overall citations. Dominant themes are Covid, slum, health, and pandemic, with a focus on pandemic effects, health issues, and infection spread. The thematic map highlights "Covid and Slum Dwellers" as a central research theme, with thematic evolution from Covid and Population to themes like Slum, Surveys, and Participants, indicating a focus on data collection via interviews on the Covid impact on slum residents.
 CONCLUSION: Several research papers were published to study the COVID-19 impact on slum dwellers from different dimensions. But their resilience strategy was less emphasised which can be a platform for emerging researchers. More studies are expected in this area. This study will assist policymakers in revising their approach to development and slump transformation.

Features of Recommendation Algorithm on Base of Analysis of Social Network Data Mining Methods

In recent years, social media platforms have become powerful data collection tools to improve user experience. The vast amount of data generated through social media provides a unique opportunity to develop innovative recommendation systems. This article analyzes the application of data mining methods for social networks in the context of effective recommendation systems, focusing on three key methodologies: sentiment analysis (SA), topic modeling (TM) and social network analysis (SNA), highlighting their positive features. SA allows the system to tailor recommendations based on sentiment analysis, offering users items that match their expressed emotions. Experiments show significant improvements in recommendation accuracy when sentiment data is integrated. TM allows the system to understand the main concerns of users by identifying dominant themes, thereby providing personalized recommendations and staying abreast of evolving trends. At the same time, AFM identifies influential users and communities, increasing relevance and awareness of system elements. The article highlights the enormous potential of social networks for the development of effective, personalized recommendation systems. Using sentiment analysis and topic modeling, these systems can provide personalized and relevant recommendations based on public sentiment, trending topics, and social network dynamics.

Comparative Thematic Analysis of Social Science Research Articles by Pakistani and British Research Scholars: A Corpus-Based Study

Writers maintain the texture of the text and information with appropriate thematic choices. Previous studies have established that the problem of jumbled information existed in the academic writings of non-native English writers. Considering this, the present study aimed to analyze social science research articles written by Pakistani and British researchers keeping textual metafunction as the focal point. The objectives were to explain the functional interpretation of the thematic structures and figure out the dominant theme type in collected 160 research articles. The data was analyzed through feature coding of UAM corpus software to find out frequencies and percentages of themes and their types. The results revealed that the frequencies of themes in Pak-19 and Pak-20 were 1066 and 1252, while the frequencies in Bri-19 and Bri-20 were 1519 and 1883. Further, the findings suggested that the topical theme was frequently used as compared to textual and interpersonal themes. The second highest ratio was of textual theme as the frequencies of interpersonal theme were less as compared to textual. The topical themes functioned as noun groups, while the textual themes connected new information with previous information. Based on the findings, it was established that unmarked topical themes were prevailing in the research articles. Further, the use of finite, continuatives, and conjunctions was prevalent in textual themes.

Mapping the landscape of HRM research in higher education: a 40-year review and directions for future research

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze and map the terrain of human resource management (HRM) in higher education (HE) contexts, with the aim of uncovering potential gaps within the existing knowledge base.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a unique, in-depth bibliometric analysis of 945 publications from the Web of Science database over the past 40 years between 1981 and 2022.FindingsBased on the bibliometric analysis, the authors retrospectively examined the dominant research themes in HRM within the HE sphere, tracing their evolution over time. Four central clusters emerged: the theoretical foundations of HRM, strategic HRM, organizational culture and human capital development. Furthermore, the authors pinpointed critical research gaps and proposed areas for future inquiry, such as the impact of HRM on productivity, leadership dynamics, sustainable growth development, international staffing strategies and knowledge transfer mechanisms.Research limitations/implicationsThis study demonstrates how academics can use bibliometric techniques to systemize literature, expose potential gaps and suggest fruitful lines of inquiry in the field of investigation. The findings of this study can also help improve the decision-making processes of managers and human resource professionals.Originality/valueThis study provides readers with a systematic understanding of the development of HRM in HE settings and presents forward-looking perspectives, highlighting future research possibilities. Moreover, it validates the significance of bibliometric analysis as an efficient technique for discovering gaps in the existing literature.

Mapping the Evolving Landscape of Cloud Computing Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

This research paper presents an in-depth bibliometric analysis of cloud computing literature, aiming to uncover underlying patterns, assess citation levels, and identify key trends shaping this rapidly evolving field. The study employs robust bibliometric techniques, analyzing data collected from reputable academic databases, including Scopus. The methodology involves comprehensive data acquisition, preprocessing, analysis, and interpretation, using advanced tools like VOSviewer and Biblioshiny for visualization and statistical analysis.Our findings reveal significant growth in cloud computing research from 2019 to 2023, with a fluctuating yet ascending trajectory of scholarly output. Key contributors include China and India, underscoring their roles in advancing cloud computing research. The analysis of keyword frequency highlights 'cloud', 'data', 'computing', 'security', and 'block chain' as dominant themes, indicating a strong emphasis on data integrity, security, and emerging technologies in cloud computing.Sentiment analysis of research abstracts reveals a predominantly positive yet cautiously optimistic tone, reflecting the field's optimistic outlook towards advancements and potential applications, balanced by an awareness of inherent challenges. The study also delves into the impact of authors and organizations, identifying influential contributors and collaborative networks within the academic community.In conclusion, this paper provide a comprehensive overview of the cloud computing research landscape, offering valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders. It underscores the significance of cloud computing in modern society and highlights the need for continued exploration and innovation in this critical technology domain.

Client and Clinician Experiences and Perspectives of Exercise Physiology Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in the delivery of exercise physiology services. The lived experience of those who continued to provide or receive exercise physiology services during the heightened public health restrictions of the inaugural year of the COVID-19 pandemic has received little attention to date. Acquiring this knowledge will be fundamental in addressing whether telehealth is a viable option for service delivery in exercise care, research, and policy. This is especially pertinent in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent global interest in digital health delivery of health care services. This study aims to explore the clinician and client experiences and perspectives of exercise physiology services delivered in person or via telehealth during the inaugural year of the COVID-19 pandemic (after January 25, 2020; the date of the first confirmed case in Australia). Eligible participants for this study were adult (aged 18 years or older; capable of understanding and writing in English) clients who received and clinicians who delivered 1 or more exercise physiology sessions in Australia during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020 to June 2021). The data collection period spanned from January 20, 2021, to September 24, 2021. A total of 18 semistructured individual interviews were conducted with accredited exercise physiologists (n=7) and clients (n=11) who engaged with exercise physiology services during this period. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted with themes and subthemes derived using deductive and inductive approaches. A total of 3 dominant themes, each with 2 subthemes, were identified. The first theme was that telehealth enables access to services but limits the use of some clinical tools. Remote access to services was valued by both clinicians and clients, but the exercise clinical environment could not be replicated over telehealth. This was especially true regarding access to exercise equipment. Second, engagement and the "relational space" are limited by telehealth. Perceived challenges regarding social interactions and a sense of community were a limitation for clients, and difficulties fostering clinician-client report were noted by clinicians. Finally, technological challenges are pervasive in the telehealth delivery of exercise services. Both clinicians and clients noted that systems necessary to facilitate telehealth frequently disrupted delivery, and client-based technical issues were influenced by digital health literacy. Shared client and accredited exercise physiologist experiences highlight key considerations for the ongoing implementation of telehealth to facilitate the uptake and effectiveness of exercise physiology services. These findings imply that the co-design of solutions to client-perceived limitations of telehealth delivery is warranted.

"Conflict Management in Romanian School Communities: an Examination of Practices in Cluj-Napoca High Schools"

This article delves into the nuanced landscape of conflict management within Romanian school communities, with a specific focus on administrators, teachers, students, and parents. This study conducted comprehensive research involving four high schools in Cluj-Napoca, employing a multifaceted approach incorporating focus groups and surveys. The findings of this investigation reveal a prominent trend in conflict resolution within these school communities: conflicts are primarily resolved through administrative decisions and sanctions. This predominant reliance on hierarchical authority structures to address disputes emerges as a dominant theme, while awareness and utilization of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods are notably absent.

Hospital Chaplains, Spirituality, and Pain Management: A Qualitative Study

BackgroundNurses include spirituality in holistic nursing care of persons in pain. However, there is a lack of awareness of spiritual suffering and the role of chaplains and spiritual care in pain management. AimThe purpose of this pilot is to report hospital chaplains’ qualitative report of spirituality and pain management in an acute care setting. MethodThis qualitative inquiry pilot involved guided interviews of hospital chaplains on their role in pain management. A thematic analysis was performed. ResultsSpiritual suffering in people in pain was the dominant theme. This included spiritual fear, and nurses suffering as a witness to pain. Chaplain interventions was a theme that involved spiritual support to persons in pain. ConclusionsSpiritual suffering can occur in people in pain. An early consultation with hospital chaplains can augment pain management. A person in pain may experience spiritual suffering and a chaplain can provide the appropriate assessment and intervention.