Dominant Perspective Research Articles

Digital RMB vs. Dollar Hegemony? Friendly Foes in China-US Currency Competition

Digital transformations are impacting inter-state currency politics in strategically important ways. This article contributes to growing debates over the nature of US-China competition as the Chinese RMB rapidly digitizes in ways said to challenge the hegemony of a slower digitizing greenback. We categorize existing views of currency competition in the digital age into two categories: ‘conventional transformation’ and ‘transformative continuity’. Both these presently dominant perspectives, we argue, are overly techno-deterministic and stand in contrast to a third perspective we propose called ‘probabilistic flux’. Emphasizing the unanticipated and error-prone nature of technological change through Social Construction of Technology theory and informed by the IPE of monetary relations, we provide a more nuanced assessment of digital RMB’s challenges to dollar dominance stressing the functions, benefits and powers of international currency hegemony. Our conclusions are three-fold. First, wider digital currency alternatives to both the dollar and RMB have enriched the international currency functions of the former over the latter. Second, this broader array of digital currency alternatives combines with Chinese RMB digitization to gradually erode the functional base and benefits of dollar dominance position, as well as diminish the US’s international monetary power in both Asia and beyond. Third, what we see as largely friendly digital currency competition focused on domestic imperatives currently remains unpredictable. These findings pose present possibilities for greater international cooperation but equally for less friendly competition and flux particularly as US dollar digitization also unfolds in ways that are difficult to anticipate.

Climate change litigation in the news: litigation as public campaigning tool to legitimize climate-related responsibilities and solutions

ABSTRACT With climate change litigation (CCL) being increasingly used by climate activists, its consequences for public discourses on climate change warrants attention. Considering CCL as public campaigning tool, this study presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of national media coverage on three CCL cases in the Netherlands focusing on individual claims of key actors (N = 1,394). Discerning generic and issue-specific frames, this study compares general modes of justifications mobilized by different actors and specific arguments made within these normative views. Findings show that climate activists were largely successful in determining the dominant normative perspectives and the majority of issue-specific arguments of defendants were prompted by activists’ arguments. A strong focus on ecological and civic arguments, such as the responsibility for current and future generations, spurs public legitimacy while discussing solutions involved a greater variety of viewpoints which led to higher levels of controversy. The findings indicate that a separation of responsibility and solutions discourses may facilitate public legitimacy and hence benefit the goals of climate activists.

A Mātauranga Māori Perspective of Literacy for Adult Learners

Globally, literacy can be conceived of in different ways. Two perspectives that have influenced adult literacy policy internationally are the economic functionalist and the sociocultural. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori educators have repeatedly advanced a mātauranga Māori perspective of literacy. This perspective has parallels with the embodied, practice-based multiliteracies and sociomateriality of the sociocultural perspective but less so with the dominant functionalist perspective. To address how Māori views have been side-lined in adult literacy policy development, we seek to clarify this view and foreground Māori-led policy recommendations that date back to the creation of the New Zealand Adult Literacy Strategy in 2001. We also highlight the relevance of this perspective by sharing the success and effectiveness of Māori-led adult literacy programmes. In doing so, we demonstrate the need for a biliteracy approach to adult literacy policy to reflect our bicultural nation and ensure Māori aspirations for literacy are met.

PENGUKURAN DAN EVALUASI KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PADA PT. ARTANIAGA MEGAH GEMILANG LECES PROBOLINGGO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BALANCE SCORECARD

Performance is a large part of the company's achievements and increases the company's survival. Performance measurement in 2019 dimensions are measured using Balanced Scorecard with four perspectives as dimensions. The four perspectives in question are: Finance, Customers, Internal Business, Learning and Growth as measuring tools for measuring and evaluating PT. Artaniaga Megah Gemilang Leces Probolinggo.
 The evaluation results obtained from the Financial Perspective achieved net profit performance still under control with an achievement of 98.90% or Rp. 1,575,179,805,- this is control incoming materials very good, the Internal Bistin Perspective has a good impact on the Financial Perspective and is supported by good human resource competence so that this perspective between plans and realization has very good achievements, the Customer Perspective is supported by a dominant learning and growth perspective with competence in accordance with plans especially training hours per person per year (JOB), and adequate employee productivity and competency, Learning and Growth supports two perspectives, namely the Internal Business Perspective and the Customer Perspective. With learning and growth, it is very important to achieve JOP, productivity, competency, all starting with good and programmed training. In closing, the results of measurement and evaluation between plan and realization were generally achieved, with the end of measurement in 2019 at the beginning of the Covid 19 pandemic, but the company's performance was still under control and achieved according to plan.

Development and Validation of a Short Broad Job Crafting Scale

The dominant perspectives in the job crafting literature have different views on “what elements of their job employees craft” and “why employees craft their jobs”. To better grasp both perspectives, we developed and validated a short 4-item instrument (BJCS) to capture job crafting as the self-initiated changes made to one’s job with the intention to optimize one’s functioning. We validated the BJCS through five phases: (1) we developed the BJCS and conducted a qualitative study to establish content validity, (2) we establish its reliability and psychometric properties, (3) we demonstrated discriminant and convergent validity of the BJCS in relation to existing job crafting measures, and (4 & 5) the BJCS showed to be predictive and incrementally valid over and above existing measures in relation to indicators of optimal and dysfunctional functioning. Taken together, we demonstrated the validity of a broad short measure for job crafting which is especially relevant for the use in repeated measurement research.

“My noticing lens disrupts this narrative”: Preservice mathematics teachers' awareness of the self as noticer

AbstractTeacher noticing has been identified as central to enacting responsive and equitable mathematics instruction. Mathematics teachers' noticing is shaped by institutional and sociopolitical narratives and ideologies that persistently marginalize culturally, socially, linguistically, and neuro‐diverse learners. Gaining insight into how one's noticing is related to these narratives can enable a teacher to identify and reflect on how they frame, attend to, and interpret classroom activity, and how that in turn can perpetuate or disrupt inequitable mathematics instruction. We conjectured that learning to systematically analyze and reflect on their own noticing can enable preservice mathematics teachers to develop their awareness of themselves as noticers to support more responsive and equitable instructional practice. Using data from summative assignments in a course focused on learning from teaching, we investigate whether and how preservice teachers (PSTs) take up frameworks for responsive and equitable teaching to narrate their noticing, and examine what their narrations reveal about how they frame mathematics instruction. Analysis reveals PSTs problematized instruction to adopt aspirational frames for equitable practice, while also re‐narrating classroom interactions from dominant perspectives. These findings have implications for PSTs' learning to notice for equity and for designing teacher education experiences for this purpose.

Identifying Perspectives on Physical Therapist Residency Program Goals: Hallmarks of Success and Excellence.

The purpose of this study was to describe common perspectives important to achieving excellence and success in physical therapist residency education programs. Individuals with direct responsibility for creating and revising physical therapist residency program goals participated in a mixed-methods study using Q-methodology. They sorted 31 goal topics based on the level of importance for achieving excellence and success in physical therapist residency education. By-participant factor analysis identified dominant perspectives, which were interpreted based on emergent themes from the topics identified as the most important. Participants' rationale for selecting goal topics as the most important were extracted from the post-survey. Seventy-three individuals responded, representing 9 of the 11 clinical residency areas of practice. Three main perspectives emerged: resident behaviors, resident achievements, and program attributes. One shared perspective emerged across all 3 factors that emphasized the residents' ability to become self-regulated, lifelong learners who integrate learning into practice: preparation for future learning. Variability in weighting the importance of program goals associated with each perspective may include a program's organization and mission, individual beliefs and experiences related to program leadership, and resource availability. Although respondent emphasis placed importance of some items over others, the findings do not suggest that items ranked lower were unnecessary or unimportant in achieving program excellence. The relative importance of items was weighted differently based on the perspective of program leadership and the individual completing the sorting activity. The results of this study suggest that physical therapist residency programs should have at least 1 or 2 goals in each of the 3 distinct perspectives, as well as the 1 shared perspective identified in our findings. Some consistency in program goals based on the perspectives identified here may enable further research exploring excellence, value, and outcomes in physical therapist residency education.

“Really being yourself”? Racial minority entrepreneurs navigating othering and authenticity through identity work

PurposeDrawing on an intersectional perspective on racial, migrant and entrepreneurial identities, this paper investigates the identity work of racial minority entrepreneurs with native-born and migrant backgrounds, confronted to experiences of othering in a White entrepreneurial ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachThe study takes a qualitative-interpretivist approach and builds on six cases of racial minority entrepreneurs in nascent stages of venture development within the Dutch technology sector. The dataset comprises 24 in-depth interviews conducted over the course of one and a half year, extensive case descriptions and online sources. The data is thematically and inductively analysed.FindingsDespite strongly self-identifying as entrepreneurs, the research participants feel marginalised and excluded from the entrepreneurial ecosystem, which results in ongoing threats to their existential authenticity as they build a legitimate entrepreneurial identity. Minority entrepreneurs navigate these threats by either downplaying or embracing their marginalised racial and/or migrant identities.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature on the identity work of minority entrepreneurs. The paper reveals that, rather than “strategising away” the discrimination and exclusion resulting from othering, racial minority entrepreneurs seek to preserve their sense of existential authenticity and self-worth, irrespective of entrepreneurial outcomes. In so doing, the study challenges the dominant perspective of entrepreneurial identity work among minority entrepreneurs as overly instrumental and market-driven. Moreover, the study also contributes to the literature on authenticity in entrepreneurship by highlighting how racial minority entrepreneurs navigate authenticity threats while building legitimacy in a White ecosystem.

The interplay of gender and perceived sexual orientation at the bargaining table: A social dominance and intersectionalist perspective

Prior research suggests that female negotiators often obtain worse outcomes than male negotiators. The current research examines whether this pattern extends to the large subset of men and women who identify as gays and lesbians. In particular, we interweave scholarship on gender stereotypes with work on intersectionality and MOSAIC theory to develop a theoretical model that anticipates how male and female negotiators will be treated at the bargaining table based on whether they are perceived to be heterosexual or homosexual. This model predicts that homosexual women, like heterosexual men, will receive more beneficial negotiation offers and outcomes than heterosexual women and homosexual men. Additionally, it suggests that this will happen because people hold markedly different behavioral expectations for male and female heterosexual and homosexual negotiators. The results of five experimental and audit studies involving diverse samples of participants including Masters Students in the U.S. and India, individuals selling items on Craigslist, and street vendors in India provide robust support. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of considering gender and sexual orientation in tandem when studying negotiation.

Human Rights, Interpretivism, and the Semantic Sting

Abstract What are human rights? What makes a particular human rights claim ‘genuine’ or ‘valid’? These are difficult questions with which current philosophical literature on human rights is concerned. They are also the same kind of questions that legal philosophers asked about Law throughout the 20th century. Drawing from the similarities between the two fields, I attempt to do with the concept of human rights something similar to what Ronald Dworkin accomplished with that of Law in Law’s Empire. First, I offer a critique of the two dominant perspectives on human rights—the Orthodox and Political views—that is similar in character to Dworkin’s Semantic Sting objection to Legal Positivism. Second, I sketch an alternative, Dworkinian-inspired framework that seeks to develop the notion of human rights as an interpretive concept. According to this framework, different accounts of human rights are to be understood as expressing different interpretations of the point (or purpose) of human rights practice.

A Comparative Analysis of the Interaction between Urban-Rural Construction Land Transition and Population Flow: Dominant and Recessive Perspectives

Population flow caused by rapid urbanization has driven the urban-rural construction land transition. A systematic recognition of their interaction is essential for achieving coordinated and sustainable urban-rural development. We chose Hangzhou, one of the most urbanized cities in China, as the study area to analyze this interaction from the perspectives of dominant morphology and recessive morphology during the period of 2010 to 2020. From the perspective of dominant morphology, a structured analysis method is applied to assess the variation in the internal components. A dynamic land utilization efficiency index is proposed and combined with an original static land utilization efficiency index to comprehensively portray a complete periodicity of urban-rural construction land transition and population flow from the perspective of recessive morphology. Results demonstrate that the path dependence of rural industrialization leads to a seemingly stagnant urban-rural construction land transition in Hangzhou. Meanwhile, the rapid increase in the demographic urbanization rate has been supported by the massive inflow of external migrants. Based on the more stringent dynamic land utilization efficiency index and the more comprehensive combination of static and dynamic indices, the moderate expansion of urban construction land increases the proportion of township-level units of the intensive land utilization pattern while, instead of population loss, the general non-intensive land utilization pattern in rural areas has been driven by the overexpansion of rural residential land.

Exploring the effectiveness of online social integration among first-year students: a daily diary study

ABSTRACT Short-term social integration at the initial stage is particularly important for first-year college students and often plays a key factor in determining newcomers’ subsequent socialization outcomes. Recent years have witnessed the growing popularization and impacts of online social integration (OnSI) among college students. Drawing on dominant theoretical perspectives on the impacts of ICTs (information communication technologies), this study aims to reconcile previous mixed effects of OnSI on new college students’ social adjustment at the initial stage. One hundred fifty-seven college newcomers were recruited and asked to report their daily social integration and experiences over ten consecutive days soon after they entered university. Results from multi-level analyses revealed that the relationship between OnSI and social adjustment was not significant; however, daily offline social integration (OffSI, i.e. participating in offline social activities) was positively related to social adjustment, which in turn, increased person-group fit and life satisfaction. Besides, we also found that OffSI moderated the relationship between OnSI and social adjustment such that, the relationship was positive when OffSI was at a low level but negative when it was high. This research delves into the effects of OnSI and OffSI on the initial short-term socialization experiences of first-year college students and further explores their implications for first-year students’ social adjustment.

Research of Characteristics of Mental Images of Movements in Martial Artists

The study investigated the specificity of mental images of martial artists when presenting certain actions (hip throw, miller, dive, transfer, leg pass) using a modified questionnaire to identify the features of mental images. 19 subjects (age 22 ± 3.6 years, male) participated in the study, nine of whom were wrestlers The subjects presented the above techniques in their performance several times. The following were analyzed: foreshortening, type of landmarks in the control of the presented movement, and chronometric characteristics of mental images. The results showed that experienced athletes were characterized, as a rule, by a stable foreshortening — predominantly from the 1st person. Fewer experienced athletes had a dominant 3rd-person perspective. There were pauses in the chronometric indices of experienced athletes in order to work through certain moments. In novice athletes, the rate of presentation of skills almost always corresponded to the real one. Muscle sensations dominated when describing skills in experienced martial artists. The beginners were dominated by visual characteristics, external forms.

Impact of subordinates' creativity on supervisor undermining: A social dominance perspective

We used the theory of social dominance to explore the mediating influence and boundary conditions according to which subordinates??? creativity affects supervisor undermining. Through a two-stage survey of 223 employees and their paired supervisors, we verified the mediating effect of supervisors??? perceived status threat on the relationship between subordinates??? creativity and supervisor undermining. Supervisors??? status concern moderated the relationship between subordinates??? creativity and supervisors??? perceived status threat. Specifically, the positive relationship between subordinates??? creativity and supervisors??? perceived status threat was stronger when the level of supervisors??? status concern was high. We aimed to deepen understanding of the factors that influence supervisor undermining. Additionally, we introduced perceived status threat as a mediating variable, which enhances understanding of the mechanism behind the unjust treatment of star employees. This highlights the importance of companies continuing to improve the management and professional skills of their supervisors, and fostering an organizational culture that is equal and free, in order to cultivate and retain highly creative talents

De-sounding echo chambers: Simulation-based analysis of polarization dynamics in social networks

As online social networks have become dominant platforms for public discourse worldwide, there is growing anecdotal evidence of a concurrent rise in social antagonisms. Yet, while the increase in polarization is evident, the extent to which these digital communication ecosystems are driving this shift remains elusive. A dominant scholarly perspective suggests that digital social media lead to the compartmentalization of information channels, potentially culminating in the emergence of echo chambers. However, a growing body of empirical research suggests that the mechanisms influencing ideological demarcation are more complex than a complete communicative decoupling of user groups. This study introduces two intertwined principles that elucidate the dynamics of digital communication: First, socio-cognitive biases of social group formation enforce internal congruence of ideological communities by demarcation from outsiders. Second, algorithmic personalization of content contributes to ideological network formation by creating social redundancy, wherein the same individuals frequently interact in various roles, such as authors, recipients, or disseminators of messages, leading to a surplus of shared ideological fragments. Leveraging these insights, we pioneer a computational simulation model, integrating machine learning based on behavioral data and established recommendation technologies, to explore the evolution of social network structures in digital exchanges. Utilizing advanced methods in opinion dynamics, our model uniquely captures both the algorithmic delivery and the subsequent dissemination of messages by users. Our findings reveal that in ambiguous debate scenarios, the dual components of our model are essential to accurately capture the emergence of social polarization. Consequently, our model offers a forward-looking perspective on the evolution of network communication, facilitating nuanced comparisons with empirical graph benchmarks.

A TRANSMEDIA NARRATION OF CIRCE THROUGH MADELINE MILLER’S ADAPTATION OF THE ANCIENT GODDESS

Transmedia storytelling involves unfolding several narratives across differing platforms while each text makes a distinctive contribution to the creation of a unique grand narrative. According to Hen- ry Jenkins, one of the ways in which contemporary writers are using transmedia literature is by recreating old stories in a new way. Madeline Miller has challenged the dominant male perspective by re-writing an ancient myth through the female point of view and renegotiating the female pres- ence in literary history. Transmedia has allowed the writer to rewrite mythical history and partici- pate in the recreation of literary history. Through transmedia, the readers are no longer passive observers, but rather active participants involved in the creation of the literary world that in Circe’s case is an enhanced myth.

디지털 격차와 사회적 약자

This study analyzes public service advertisements, public campaign videos, and digital care industry advertisement videos to identify the dominant perspective on the digital divide problem of the elderly and to explore the position and meaning of the elderly in digital technology discourse. According to the analysis, public advertisements/campaign texts for bridging the digital divide assume the elderly as the digital weak and the young as the digital strong, and there is a tendency to solve the problem of the digital weak through the practice of the digital strong. This aspect of representation requires reconsideration because it can lead to reinforcing and reproducing negative stereotypes such as dependence and passivity of the elderly. On the other hand, the elderly in advertisements for the digital care industry appear as images of digital users rather than digital weaklings, as users of AI care services. As a result of reproducing the daily life of the elderly with an artificial intelligence care robot, a difference was revealed in the use of digital technology by female seniors and male seniors. It was understood that the dual inequality factors of gender and age were reflected. In the advertisements analyzed, the elderly actively interacting with AI caring robots tended to highlight the digital inclusion of ICT companies that are considerate of the minority and the vulnerable, and digital technology appeared as a friend of the elderly in all texts.

Confronting Epistemic Injustice and Inequity in IDD Research: The Value of Theorizing Beyond Dominant Culture's Perspective.

This commentary highlights pervasive challenges related to the science of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), which we often take for granted. We argue that social power asymmetry and entrenched patterns of epistemic injustices undermine our science and call attention to the need to maximize our efforts to undo these unfair practices to enhance future care and research in IDD.

Othering the Laughable

Abstract This article reviews the incongruity, the superiority, and the relief theories of humour. Challenging the dominant notion of humour as a coping mechanism, it explores humour’s potential for positive transformation. It investigates the uses of humour in Nigeria, including its social and even unsuspected psychological functions. It also inquires into the problem of a seeming rising incidence of unhappiness among Nigerians despite their much-vaunted humorous nature and despite the relief theory of humour being the dominant perspective in humour studies. By spotlighting the synergy of activism and art in humour, subliminal tendencies, and Nigerians’ distinct comic intelligence, the article attempts a nuanced analysis of the production and consumption of humour, with an accent on the growing activist-oriented humour on social media platforms, particularly Twitter. In contrast to traditional stand-up comedy, this activist-oriented humour is found to be generally geared towards real-time impact through a combined deployment of words and actions. The research puts forward illustrative examples of how social media humour has surpassed other more orthodox comedic practices and thereby engendered remarkable social and political impacts in Nigeria.

The Pervasiveness of Power: Dilemmas for Researchers of Major System Change in Healthcare Comment on "'Attending to History' in Major System Change in Healthcare in England: Specialist Cancer Surgery Service Reconfiguration".

To study major system change (MSC) in healthcare, it is crucial to consider the influence of power. Despite this, dominant perspectives on MSC in healthcare present these as relatively neutral processes, where reconfigurations are logical solutions to clearly defined problems. Perry and colleagues' paper adds to a growing body of research which challenges the presentation of MSC as neutral, managerial processes, instead identifying how power dynamics lie at the heart of why service change happens, how it unfolds, and its outcomes. However, the introduction of power considerations raises several overlapping methodological and ethical dilemmas for researchers, and questions regarding research design and dissemination. In this commentary, we use the insights generated by Perry et al to further explore these issues.