Dominant Foot Research Articles

Impaired plantar sensitivity among the obese is associated with increased postural sway

Impaired foot plantar sensitivity has been hypothesized among individuals who are obese, and may contribute to their impaired balanced during quiet standing. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on plantar sensitivity, and explore the relationship between plantar sensitivity and balance during quiet standing. Thirty-nine young adults from the university population participated in the study including 19 obese and 20 non-obese adults. Plantar sensitivity was measured as the force threshold at which an increasing force applied to the plantar surface of the foot was first perceived, and the force threshold at which a decreasing force was last perceived. Measurements were obtained while standing, and at two locations on the plantar surface of the dominant foot. Postural sway during quiet standing was then measured under three different sensory conditions. Results indicated less sensitive plantar sensitivity and increased postural sway among the obese, and statistically significant correlations between plantar sensitivity and postural sway that were characterized as weak to moderate in strength. As such, impaired plantar sensitivity among individuals who are obese may be a mechanism by which obesity degrades standing balance among these individuals.

Comparison between bipolar and tetrapolar of the interferential current in nociceptive threshold, accommodation and pleasantness in healthy individuals

The study compared the effects between bipolar (BI) and tetrapolar (TT) forms of the interferential current (IC), on intensity and pain threshold to cold and pressure, accommodation and pleasantness of the current in healthy subjects. For this, a random, double-blind crossover study with 24 healthy subjects, of both genders, who were equally distributed in two groups, was conducted. The first evaluated item was the pain threshold to cold. The volunteers immersed the dominant foot in iced water (5°C) for 30 s, and recorded the pain threshold to cold. At the end, they graded the pain intensity by a visual analog scale (VAS). Soon after the pain threshold to pressure was evaluated with the use of a pressure algometer between the first and second metatarsal and L3 spinous process. Then the volunteers were submitted to the application of the IC, with the following parameters: 4000 Hz base frequency, amplitude modulated frequency (AMF) 50 Hz, for 20 min. Volunteers were re-evaluated straight away, 20 and 60 min after the IC usage. The last part of the analysis consisted of, after application of BI and TT, knowing which was the most enjoyable. The results revealed that in the evaluation of the pain threshold to pressure on the metatarsal, there was significant difference when comparing all evaluations of BI with only the last of TT; there was also difference on the accommodation threshold. We concluded that the IC usage, on nerve roots L4 and S3, on the proposed parameters, produced a higher accommodation threshold in the TT form, and it was more effective than BI on the metatarsal. However, the pain threshold to pressure (on the spine), to cold and its intensity did not suffer any change.

Effects of therapeutic massage on gait and pain after delayed onset muscle soreness.

Unfamiliar or sudden exercise can induce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) within 12–24 h. So, several researchers have reported various interventions to treat DOMS. Massage is generally known to eliminate muscle fatigue. However, effect of massage after DOMS is still not clear. We investigated whether the massage is effective on pain and gait after DOMS. The participants were divided into a control group (n= 10) with DOMS and an experimental group (n= 11) with the massage treated after DOMS. We induced DOMS by taking isotonic exercise with going up and down 20 times in 5-story building. We applied the massage and assessment on gastrocnemius of dominant foot. The change of gait and pain was assessed using gaitrite and algometer. In the present results, the massage on gastrocnemius after DOMS showed significant difference in pain (P< 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in gait (P< 0.05), especially, spatial parameters (distance, step length, stride length) and temporal parameters (ambulation, heel on off time, stride velocity). Moreover, the pain relief after massage-treated in DOMS correlated with gait. These results suggest that the massage on gastrocnemius after DOMS has influence on pain and gait performance. Therefore, massage can be applied as intervention for delayed onset muscle soreness.

Influence of Instruction on Velocity and Accuracy in Soccer Kicking of Experienced Soccer Players

ABSTRACT. The authors’ aim was to investigate the speed-accuracy tradeoff in soccer kicking with the dominant and nondominant foot by using different types of instructions prioritizing speed or accuracy in experienced soccer players. Ten male soccer players were randomly given 1 of the 4 instructions that differed in aspects of the kick they should emphasize and what the secondary aim would be (speed or accuracy). It was found that ball velocity was affected by instruction in the expected way: emphasis on accuracy and ball velocity reduced for both kicking feet. In addition kicking accuracy increased when emphasizing this, but only with the dominant foot indicating that Fitts’ law only was found in kicks with the dominant foot.

Bilateral motor tasks involve more brain regions and higher neural activation than unilateral tasks: an fMRI study.

Movements that involve simultaneous coordination of muscles of the right and left lower limbs form a large part of our daily activities (e.g., standing, rising from a chair). This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine which brain areas are used to control coordinated lower-limb movements, specifically comparing regions that are activated during bilateral exertions to those performed unilaterally. Plantarflexor exertions were produced at a target force level of 15% of the participants' maximum voluntary contraction, in three conditions, with their right (dominant) foot, with their left foot, and with both feet simultaneously. A voxel-wise analysis determined which regions were active in the bilateral, but not in the unilateral conditions. In addition, a region of interest (ROI) approach was used to determine differences in the percent signal change (PSC) between the conditions within motor areas. The voxel-wise analysis showed a large number of regions (cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar) that were active during the bilateral condition, but not during either unilateral condition. The ROI analysis showed several motor regions with higher activation in the bilateral condition than unilateral conditions; further, the magnitude of bilateral PSC was more than the sum of the two unilateral conditions in several of these regions. We postulate that the greater levels of activation during bilateral exertions may arise from interhemispheric inhibition, as well as from the greater need for motor coordination (e.g., synchronizing the two limbs to activate together) and visual processing (e.g., monitoring of two visual stimuli).

Advantages of a combined rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (RAMRIS) for hand and feet: does the RAMRIS of the hand alone underestimate disease activity and progression?

BackgroundTo evaluate a combined rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (RAMRIS) for hand and foot (HaF-score) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 0.2 Tesla) of the dominant hand and foot of 26 ACPA positive RA patients before and 6 months after initiation of methotrexate was obtained. RAMRIS of the hand was complemented by corresponding scoring of the foot (MTP I-V; HaF-score). Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) and a tender and swollen joint count (JC) of the joints scored in MRI were recorded. Changes in these scores (Δ) were assessed.ResultsΔHaF-score correlated significantly with ΔDAS28 (r = 0.820, 95%-CI 0.633-0.916). Correlations to ΔDAS28 were best for changes in the synovitis subscore (0.648) and bone marrow edema (0.703). Correlations to ΔDAS28 were significantly better for of the ΔHaF-score than ΔRAMRIS (0.499, 0.139-0.743, p = 0.0368).All patients with at least moderate response (EULAR criteria, n = 11) had continuing disease activity on MRI, including five cases with new erosions, three of them at the feet. Improvements of the hand JC or foot JC were seen in 16 and 15 cases, respectively. However, MRI of the hand or feet improved in only 10 and 9 cases, respectively. No patient fulfilled SDAI remission criteria.ConclusionsThe HaF-score identifies patients with continuing disease activity despite clinical response that would have been missed by consideration of the traditional RAMRIS or the DAS28 alone. Response as opposed to remission may be an insufficient goal in RA as all patients showed continuing disease activity, especially at the feet.

The impact of foot position on sit-to-stand stability and lower limb loading in hemiplegic stroke patients

Objective To explore the effects of different foot positions on lower limb loading and the sit- to-stand stability of hemiplegic stroke patients. Methods Thirty-six hemiplegic stroke patients were recruited as the experimental group and 36 healthy elderly as the control group. Both groups of subjects completed sit-to-stand movements with 3 different foot positions： （ 1 ） both feet （BF） placed at 10° of ankle dorsiflexion; （2） the paretic foot placed posterior （PFP） for hemiparetic subjects or the undominant foot placed posterior （UDFP） for healthy subjects; （3） the non-paretic foot placed posterior （NPFP） for hemiparetic subjects or the dominant foot placed posterior （DFP） for healthy subjects. The time required to rise from sitting, the average load difference （ALD） be- tween the left and right feet and sway of the center of gravity in the mediolateral direction （COGX） were measured. Results Comparing BF with PFP positioning, the time to rise was not significantly different but the loads on the two legs, the ALD and the COGX in were all significantly different. Comparing NPFP with PFP positioning, all the indexes were significantly different, and the time to rise was significantly different from the BF positioning. For the control group, all the indexes significantly different in the BP and PFP positions, and the time to rise was signifi- cantly different from that required with the UDFP placement. In all 3 foot positions, all of the experimental group＇ s indices differed significantly from those of the control group. In both groups there was a strong positive correlation between the average ALD and COGX values in all three foot positions. Conclusions Foot placement influences lower limb loading and stability in rising from sitting for hemiplegic stroke survivors. The greater the symmetry of lower limb loading, the better the postural stability. Key words: Stroke ; Hemiplegia; Sit-to-stand ; Posture ; Lower limb loading

(175) Lack of viscero-somatic convergence in chronic pelvic pain in women

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition. Sexual dysfunction, pain-related psychological factors, and enhanced pain sensitivity may magnify the pain experience in CPP, but the relationships among these factors are unclear. Twenty seven pain-free women and nine women with CPP were included in this study. Both groups underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST) and completed psychological and functional questionnaires. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed locally (ie pelvic region) and remotely, while thermal stimuli were assessed at the dominant forearm (threshold and tolerance) and foot (temporal summation).

Relationship between toe grip strength and osteoarthritis of the knee: a preliminary study

Purpose: Toe flexor function is important for balancing and walking. However, we often encounter knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients who cannot touch their toes to the ground, and therefore, the toes do not function during walking. We hypothesised that toe function is affected with knee OA and investigated the relationship between knee OA and toe grip strength (TGS). Methods: Seventy-eight knee OA patients (12 men and 66 women; mean age, 73.5 ± 7.3 years; OA group) and 71 healthy community-dwelling individuals (13 men and 54 women; mean age, 72.5 ± 5.5 years; control group participated in the study. With regard to Kellgren-Lawrence grading in the OA group, 8 subjects had grade 2, 32 had grade 3, and 38 had grade 4. The control group comprised individuals without any pain and knee malalignment, who could walk without aid. The outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), TGS, and isometric knee extension strength (IKES). The TGS and IKES were measured twice using a toe grip dynamometer and hand-held dynamometer, respectively, and the mean values were calculated. Data were collected on the affected side in the OA group and non-dominant side in the control group. The dominant foot was identified as the one preferred for kicking a ball. Data were compared between the 2 groups using an unpaired t-test. Moreover, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. The independent variable was the group and the dependent variables were age, sex, BMI, TGS, and IKES. The significance level was set at 5%. The local ethics committee approved the study, and all subjects provided written informed consent prior to study participation. This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25870971. Results: The BMI was significantly higher in the OA group (25.5 ± 3.5) compared to the control group (21.7 ± 2.6), whereas the TGS and IKES in the OA group (7.4 ± 4.2 kg and 15.3 ± 6.9 kg, respectively) were significantly lower than in the control group (11.6 ± 5.2 kg and 26.8 ± 7.5 kg, respectively). According to multiple logistic regression analysis, the sex (odds ratio [OR]: 0.05, 95% confidential interval [95%CI]: 0.01-0.32), BMI(OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.49-2.63) and IKES (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.63-0.80) were associated with OA. Conclusions: The TGS in OA patients was significantly weaker than that in control subjects. Although our results cannot explain a causal relationship between TGS and knee OA, a reduced TGS may influence dynamic balance and force generation for propulsion, and thus increase the mechanical stress on the knee. Moreover, a reduction in activity with the progression of knee OA may also result in a reduced TGS. However, although the TGS was significantly different between the groups, it was not significantly associated with knee OA. The BMI was significantly higher and the IKES was significantly lower in the OA group relative to the control group. Furthermore, using multiple logistic regression analysis, the BMI and IKES were significantly associated with knee OA. These findings are similar to previously published reports. The current patient population included a large number of severe OA patients with 48.7% with grade 4 and only 10.3% with grade 2. In addition, 71 of the 78 participants were patients who were hospitalised for a total knee arthroplasty operation. Thus, it is likely that this patient group had a long history of OA, which may have resulted in marked weight gain and decrease in the IKES. Therefore, the BMI and IKES might have had a stronger effect than TGS. Moreover, the control group comprised individuals who attended a municipal sports event by themselves. It might have an effect on the result of this study. Future studies will need to include more patients with mild knee OA and verify the biomechanical aspects.

Is gait variability reliable? An assessment of spatio-temporal parameters of gait variability during continuous overground walking

The assessment of gait variability has become an important indicator for quantifying motor performance. However, the use of treadmills is known to influence the temporal rhythm of gait, while non-continuous (i.e. stop-start) overground walking alters gait variability, leading to erroneous results. Through establishing the “8-walk”, an overground walking protocol that allows the collection of a high number of consecutive gait cycles, the aim of this study was to determine the conditions under which gait variability can be assessed reliably.Twelve healthy subjects performed continuous barefoot walking at their preferred speed in a path shaped as an “8”. Kinematic data of the dominant foot was collected while subjects walked along the straight 10m sections of the 8-walk during sessions on two different days. Mean spatio-temporal parameters of gait and gait variability were computed for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 consecutive cycles.All mean parameters of gait showed excellent reliability (ICC: 0.88–0.98) with only 10 cycles included in the analysis. However, the reliability of spatial and temporal parameters of gait variability improved with increasing number of cycles (ICC: 0.60–0.90) but levelled-off after 50 consecutive cycles, revealing an inter-day test–retest variability of ∼13%.To reliably assess gait variability and evaluate human motor performance, we propose the collection of at least 50 cycles and the use of an 8-walk protocol, which avoids the limitations of treadmill and non-consecutive walking protocols.

FRI0512 The us7 score is a sensitive-to-change method for evaluating joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis among rheumatologists with basic or intermediate level of ultrasound training

BackgroundMusculoskeletal ultrasound may be a useful method for monitoring activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). German US-7 score is a recently introduced scoring index to assess synovitis and erosions in patients...

AB1269 Can we simplify ultrasonography synovitis scoring system in rheumatoid arthritis?

BackgroundThe US is an imaging method that is becoming a sensitive tool and useful in the detection and follow-up of inflammatory activity and structural damage of joints in rheumatoid arthritis...

AB0536 Tocilizumab offers clinical and ultrasonographic improvement in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Results of a 6 months follow-up study

BackgroundTocilizumab (TCZ) is a humanized anti-interleukin 6 (anti-IL 6) receptor antibody that has been demonstrated in previous clinical trials to improve rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and prevent radiographic progression. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography...

Examining the time course of attention in a soccer kick using a dual task paradigm

A dual-task paradigm was implemented using a repeated measures design to determine the time course of attention demands during performance of a soccer penalty kick. Experienced soccer players (N=15) were asked to perform a 12-yard soccer-style penalty kick. As part of the dual task paradigm, participants were instructed to respond to an audible cue that was administered during one of three probe positions (PP) during the penalty kick. Probe position 1 (PP1) was operationalized as the participant’s second to last step (taken with the non-kicking foot), probe position 2 (PP2) was the next to last step (taken with the kicking foot), and probe position 3 (PP3) was the last step (taken with the non-kicking, or “plant foot”) just prior to the kicking foot making contact with the ball. Kicks were taken with both the dominant foot (DF) and the non-dominant foot (NDF). It was hypothesized that reaction time to the audible cue (RT) would be slowest at the beginning and end of the performance of the motor skill in both the DF and NDF situations and that RT would be slower when kicking with the NDF, but that the kicking foot would not affect the pattern of attentional demands. Results indicated that RT was slowest at PP1 for both the DF and the NDF and that RT was significantly slower at PP1 for the DF than for the NDF. This suggests that soccer players engage in more complex planning during the preparatory phases when executing a kick with their dominant foot. Future research should be designed to further our understanding of foot dominance with regard to kicking and to explore attentional demands of striking tasks.

Determination of Gait Events Using an Externally Mounted Shank Accelerometer

Biomechanical analysis requires the determination of specific foot contact events. This is typically achieved using force platform information; however, when force platforms are unavailable, alternative methods are necessary. A method was developed for the determination of gait events using an accelerometer mounted to the distal tibia, measuring axial accelerations. The aim of the investigation was to determine the efficacy of this method. Sixteen participants ran at 4.0 m/s ± 5%. Synchronized tibial accelerations and vertical ground reaction forces were sampled at 1000 Hz as participants struck a force platform with their dominant foot. Events determined using the accelerometer, were compared with the corresponding events determined using the force platform. Mean errors of 1.68 and 5.46 ms for average and absolute errors were observed for heel strike and of -3.59 and 5.00 ms for toe-off. Mean and absolute errors of 5.18 and 11.47 ms were also found for the duration of the stance phase. Strong correlations (r = .96) were also observed between duration of stance obtained using the two different methods. The error values compare favorably to other alternative methods of predicting gait events. This suggests that shank-mounted accelerometers can be used to accurately and reliably detect gait events.

健常人における Body Tracking Test 追随軸の変位について

We report herein on the use of the body tracking test (BTT), which is a method for quantitatively evaluating dynamic body balancing function, and how the body center moves during tracking by healthy subjects. We investigated 779 healthy subjects with no history of vertigo or balance disorder and a mean age of 37.9 years. Breakdown is as follows. Under 10 years old is 81 (37 boy and 44 girl), 10 years of age is 162 (73 boy and 89 girl), 20 years of age is 110 (43 men and 67 women), 30 years of age is 73 (44 male, 29 female), 40 years of age is 79 (49 men and 30 women), 50 years of age is 77 (40 men and 37 women), 60 years of age is 100 (53 men and 47 women), 70 years of age is 73 (27 men and 46 women), 80 years of age is 24 (15 men and 9 women). For the visual stimulus, we used a constant-speed antero-posterior (A-P) stimulus BTT and a constant-speed lateral BTT. BTT analysis involved principal axis analysis, in which the principal axis was the first principal component according to a principal component analysis technique. The axis tilt in the principal axis direction was assessed by calculating the coordinate Y-axis and X-axis tilt. In the anteroposterior (A-P) BTT, subjects of all ages exhibited an angle of tilt in the clockwise direction (the "plus" direction), together with the position vector and velocity vector. In the lateral BTT, we observed that the subjects tracked with a tilt in the counter-clockwise direction (the "minus" direction), together with the position vector and velocity vector. In terms of the subjects' ages, the angle of tilt from 0 degree in the antero-posterior (A-P) BTT showed the clockwise direction (the "plus" direction). In the lateral BTT, subjects 10 to 30 years of age exhibited tracking along the X-axis, with no observable tilt. Movement of the center of gravity may be a major acquired ability (practice) with respect to the direction of tilt of the tracking axis. Spatial sensory ability primarily involves the right parietal lobe of the brain, and somatosensory information from the left side of the body is believed to be used more for the positional relationships between the legs and the torso. Deviation of the principal axis appears to be related to the relationship between the dominant foot and the pivot foot, as well as to the functions of the parietal lobe that are involved in spatial sensing.

Novel PAX9 and COL1A2 missense mutations causing tooth agenesis and OI/DGI without skeletal abnormalities.

Inherited dentin defects are classified into three types of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and two types of dentin dysplasia (DD). The genetic etiology of DD-I is unknown. Defects in dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) cause DD type II and DGI types II and III. DGI type I is the oral manifestation of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a systemic disease typically caused by defects in COL1A1 or COL1A2. Mutations in MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, EDA and WNT10A can cause non-syndromic familial tooth agenesis. In this study a simplex pattern of clinical dentinogenesis imperfecta juxtaposed with a dominant pattern of hypodontia (mild tooth agenesis) was evaluated, and available family members were recruited. Mutational analyses of the candidate genes for DGI and hypodontia were performed and the results validated. A spontaneous novel mutation in COL1A2 (c.1171G>A; p.Gly391Ser) causing only dentin defects and a novel mutation in PAX9 (c.43T>A; p.Phe15Ile) causing hypodontia were identified and correlated with the phenotypic presentations in the family. Bone radiographs of the proband’s dominant leg and foot were within normal limits. We conclude that when no DSPP mutation is identified in clinically determined isolated DGI cases, COL1A1 and COL1A2 should be considered as candidate genes. PAX9 mutation p.Phe15Ile within the N-terminal β-hairpin structure of the PAX9 paired domain causes tooth agenesis.

Limb Dominance Related to the Variability and Symmetry of the Vertical Ground Reaction Force and Center of Pressure

The notion of limb dominance has been commonly used in the upper extremity, yet the two lower extremities are often treated as equal for analytical purposes. Attempts to determine the effects of limb laterality on gait have produced conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to determine if limb dominance affects the vertical ground reaction force and center of pressure (COP) during able-bodied gait. The Parotec system (Paromed GmbH, Germany) was used to collect plantar foot pressure data. Fifteen subjects volunteered to participate in this study. The coefficient of variation of the COP displacement in the mediolateral direction and the variability of peak force beneath the lateral forefoot in the nondominant foot were significant greater than in the dominant foot. Moreover, COP velocity in the anterior-posterior direction during the terminal stance phase showed greater value in the dominant foot. Our study provides support for limb laterality by showing limb dominance affected the vertical ground reaction force and center of pressure during walking gait. This finding suggests it is an important issue in movement science for clinicians and would assist in improving sports performance and rehabilitation program.

Exercise and conditioned pain modulation have different effects on cuff pressure pain tolerance in humans

Abstract Background/aims Exercise and experimental pain is known to cause an acute decrease of the pain sensitivity. Assessment of pain inhibitory mechanisms is often done by paradigms of exercise and experimental pain in both healthy subjects and pain patients. It is currently unknown whether pain and different types of exercise has similar effects on pain sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of experimental pain and different types of exercise on deep tissue pain tolerance in healthy subjects. Methods On two separate days fifty-four healthy subjects (23 females, 33.8 ± 15.0 years) were assigned in random order to cold pressor tests (ice water at 1–2°C; 120 s duration) for the dominant hand and foot, bicycling exercises (100 W and 200 W; 20 min duration), and isometric contraction exercises (30% and 60% of maximal voluntary contraction, MVC; 180 s duration) of the dominant quadriceps and biceps brachii muscles. Before, immediately after, and 10 min after cold pressor tests and exercises, pressure pain tolerance (PTT) were assessed with computerized cuff-algometry at the non-dominant lower-leg and upper arm. Subjects reaching maximum stimulation intensity at baseline were excluded from the analysis. PTTs were analysed with repeated measures ANOVA and multiple comparisons. Results Immediately and 10 min after the cold pressor test in the dominant hand and foot significantly increased PTTs were found at the non-dominant upper arm and lower leg (P &lt; 0.05). Both intensities of dominant biceps brachii isometric contractions produced a significant increase in the PTT at the non-dominant lower leg immediately after and 10 min after contractions (P &lt; 0.05). After the 30% dominant quadriceps isometric contraction the PTT at the non-dominant lower leg was significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Cold pressor pain produced a contralateral and extrasegmental increase in deep tissue pain tolerance. Isometric arm exercise produced an extrasegmental increase in pain tolerance, whereas isometric leg contractions produced a contralateral effect. Aerobic exercise had no effect on pain tolerance. Thus, exercise and pain related inhibitory effects were not comparable. Acknowledgment/disclosures H.B. Madsen was supported by grants from the philanthropic foundation TrygFonden (7-11-0990), The Danish Rheumatism Association 8R95-A1871), The Research Foundation of the Danish Physiotherapy Association and The Fund for Physiotherapy in Private Practice.

EFFECTS OF LATERALITY, ANKLE INVERSION AND STABILIZERS ON THE PLANTAR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION DURING UNIPEDAL STANDING

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the standing stability with plantar pressure distribution (PPD), and to assess the effects of limb laterality, ankle inversion and stabilizer on PPD during unipedal standing. Nineteen young healthy adults were requested to stand on different inclined surfaces (level 0° and inclined 10° and 20°) with each foot. Three ankle stabilizer conditions were designed as barefoot control, elastic ankle tape and semi-rigid brace. Statistically analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance, the anterior/posterior (A/P) and medial/lateral (M/L) force ratios and total contact area (TPCA) were the main parameters to evaluate the stability. Compared with non-dominant side, the dominant foot was safer during unipedal standing with significantly greater TPCA, and especially when standing with ankle inversion due to additional significantly greater A/P force ratio. Ankle inversion harmed the stability while standing with the non-dominant foot due to significantly decreased A/P force ratio and local contact areas. Ankle brace improved the standing stability with significantly increased TPCA.