Dominant Design Research Articles

Unveiling strategies in recent automotive history. Using patent citations for ambidexterity evidence

Through decarbonization of the world economy a normative imperative to the realization of a post-fossil age emerged. The global ecosystem is threatened by the current world economic model and fundamental transformations are asked for in all economic sectors. For two decades now, the automotive industry is undergoing a permanent ambidextrous phase, after having been locked in technological routines for nearly a century. The omni-present electrification of the powertrain together with the technological convergence with connected-car and autonomous-driving technology are the key challenges. To process the pressure, new strategies are designed and implemented. Nevertheless, current studies, based on patent analysis show that classic powertrain technology still represents the dominant design. At the same time, patent analysis shows that competition between firms in the field of electric powertrain technology is fierce. We use patent citation analysis to improve our understanding of the underlying industrial learning processes and of their impacts. To analyze the change in the automotive industry and unveil actors’ strategies, we examine the three most essential differentiating features of an automobile: classic powertrain, electric powertrain and autonomous driving. We aim to analyze these main differentiators along three key questions: the geographic dimension, the positioning in the value chain, and the individual company perspective, by developing a new structuring logic– the ambidexterity matrix – and its dynamic representation along the ambidexterity path.

Design and Testing of a Novel Nested, Compliant, Constant-Force Mechanism with Millimeter-Scale Strokes

This paper presents a novel nested, compliant, constant-force mechanism (CFM) that generates millimeter-scale manipulation stroke. The nested structure is utilized to improve the overall compactness of the CFM. A combination strategy of positive and negative stiffness is induced to generate constant force with a millimeter-level range. In particular, bi-stable beams are used as the negative stiffness part, and V-shaped beams are selected as the positive stiffness part, and they are constructed into the nested structures. With this, a design concept of the CFM is first proposed. From this, an analytical model of the CFM was developed based on the pseudo-rigid body method (PRBM) and chain beam constraint model (CBCM), which was verified by conducting a simulation study with nonlinear finite-element analysis (FEA). Meanwhile, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of the dominant design variable on the CFM performance. To demonstrate the performance of the CFM, a prototype was fabricated by wire cutting. The experimental results revealed that the proposed CFM owns a good constant-force property. This configuration of CFM provides new ideas for the design of millimeter-scale, constant-force, micro/nano, and hard-surface manipulation systems.

Social support for patients with penile cancer: A mixed‐method study

AbstractThe research questions were as follows: How much social support do patients with penile cancer (PC) receive after surgical treatment for the condition; which factors are associated with the social support received; and how do patients with PC describe the social support they receive in terms of emotional support, affirmation and concrete aid? The purpose of this study is to describe the amount and type of social support (that is, emotional support, affirmation or concrete aid) received by patients with PC. In addition, it describes the associations between patients' background variables and their perceived social support. Men affected by PC experience a range of unmet support care needs, of which social support has not previously been thoroughly studied. Emotional support consists of caring for another person, respecting and creating a safe atmosphere for them and providing spiritual support. Affirmation is the reinforcement of knowledge and is especially evident in decision‐making processes through advising or counselling. Concrete aid means the provision of assistance in the form of an activity or service that causes the donor to use time or money for the benefit of another person. A partially mixed concurrent dominant status design was used and included semi‐structured interviews with, or letter responses from, 15 patients and a self‐reported social support score survey of 42 patients with PC. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, a non‐parametric test and a deductive content analysis. Regarding the self‐reported social support score survey, 42 patients reported the social support as good (mean [SD]; range 4.34 [1.06]; 1–6). The most frequent form of social support was affirmation (mean [SD] 4.65 [1.07]), and the least frequent was emotional support (mean [SD] 4.14 [1.16]). Employment status and primary operation were significantly associated with the social support received. Qualitative data imply that family members are the most important emotional supporters. Emotional support from healthcare professionals was felt to be insufficient. Despite their affirmation, patients felt they received incomplete information about the disease. Patients received concrete aid from family members but felt there was a lack of professional help. Although patients deemed the overall social support received to be good, they received insufficient support from healthcare professionals (emotional support) and had unmet informational needs (affirmation) as well as uncertainties regarding income support (concrete aid). Our results can help nurses provide more holistic care to patients with PC. This information can be utilized in the development of nursing interventions for such patients and their family members. In the future, nurses' and other healthcare professionals' counselling skills should be taken into account in their training. They also need to be supported through consultation and referral resources when they reach the limits of their expertise.

Analysis of water gap membrane distillation process with an internal gap circulation propeller

A novel propeller-aided water gap membrane distillation (P-WGMD) system has been investigated through detailed mathematical modeling, and its performance was compared with that of a baseline/conventional WGMD system. The proposed system contains a rotating propeller blade, which improves mass and heat transfer within the gap space. The installed propeller and its modeling within the gap chamber represent the novelty of the present work. The influences of various design variables, including propeller diameter, propeller material, propeller thickness, position of the propeller, and the thickness of the gap on the distillate production and the specific thermal energy consumption (STEC) of the proposed propeller-aided P-WGMD system, are investigated. In addition, the effects of different operating parameters such as feed water temperature, coolant temperature, feed water flowrate, and coolant flowrate on the performance of the baseline WGMD and propeller-aided P-WGMD processes were examined. Results revealed that propeller material and propeller thickness showed marginal effects on the system's performance, especially when the thermal conductivity of the propeller material exceeded 100 W/m K. The propeller position has a strong influence on the system performance, and placing the propeller away from the membrane surface improves the system performance. Larger propeller diameters and higher propeller speeds exhibit better system performance. Propeller speed and propeller diameter are found to be the most dominant design factors affecting the performance of the proposed system. Furthermore, the P-WGMD system exhibits superior performance over the baseline WGMD system under the same operating conditions, where the flux of the P-WGMD system could reach a maximum value of 322 kg/m2h at a feed flowrate of 10 L/min, propeller speed of 1000 rev/min, feed temperature of 70 °C, coolant temperature of 20 °C, and coolant flowrate of 2.5 L/min. The presence of a propeller within the gap chamber reduces the resistance to heat transfer from about 0.002057 m2K/W to 0.0001144 m2K/W, reflecting the enhancement gained in the proposed system. Freshwater costs from the proposed system vary between 8.243 $/m3 and 11.57 $/m3 while those from the baseline system fall between 9.971 $/m3 and 21.11 $/m3.

Okiskinwahamâkew: Reflecting on teaching, learning and assessment

This paper looks at assessment views held by Alberta Education in regards to teaching and learning for educators in Alberta. The standardization model of teaching and assessment excludes Indigenous thought systems articulated through rigorous thought processes in the nehiyaw mâmitoneyihcikan – the Cree mind and intelligences. Infusion, integration, indigenization models that privilege the dominant educational design continue to perpetuate an invisible colliding space that impacts the Indigenous thinker and learner. Privileging Indigenous language thought systems that are rich in multidimensional processes are presented to address current notions of teaching and assessment. Looking through the lens of the Indigenous language system and addressing the politics of literacy uncovers nehiyaw mâmitoneyihcikan – the Cree mind. This rich thought system reveals a sophisticated system that operates omni and multidimensionally from and within a compassionate mind – a value based way of seeing and engaging. Honoring nehiyaw thought systems, processes of coming to know and respecting Indigenous understandings of teaching and learning, lead to considering the rigorous nehiyaw understanding of okiskinwahamâkew – Indigenous informed teaching guide.

Towards a Theory on Dominant Business Model Emergence of Marketplace Lending in Germany

In this paper, we analyze the business models of Germany’s biggest lending platforms smava, auxmoney, and Lendico to identify a standard business model as a dominant design in this industry. We use a mixed method approach in which a case study at firm level is conducted to analyze and contrast the business models together with their business model components. This qualitative analysis is complemented with a quantitative test of their total asset annual growth rates to triangulate the qualitative analysis. The results indicate that all three companies started with a similar approach but evolved over time into entirely different business model variants. This seems to contradict the previous theory of the emergence of standard business models and dominant designs. At first glance, an increasing convergence of business models over time into a standard business model in the German lending platform industry was not consistent with our results. However, we suggest to explain this contradiction by taking a closer look at the global context of the industry. The origin of lending platforms was pioneered outside the German market by firms such as Zopa (UK) or later Prosper and Lending Club (USA). We hypothesize based on initial evidence that the German lending platforms have largely adopted the business models of the early movers and later modified them according to their local value network such as local market, regulation, and competition conditions. Thereby we propose that the deficient standard business model as a dominant design or a winner takes all market outcome in the lending platform industry might depend on localized demand and regulative heterogeneity.

Structural changes in steel during hardening by deformation wave

The article presents results of study possibility of hardening of high-manganese steel X120Mn12 by a deformation wave in the process of wave strain hardening (WSH). Features of the method is possibility of using shock waves for plastic deformation, which significantly expands the technological capabilities for formation of a hardened surface layer. The dominant design and technological parameters of the hardening treatment are established, which have the main influence on the microstructure and hardness of the hardened surface layer. Possibility of a significant increase in hardness and depth of hardened surface layer is established. The depth of hardened layer can reach 6-8 mm, and the hardness can be increased by more than three times. Microstructural analysis showed no cracks. The obtained results of conducted research can be used to develop a technology for strengthening the deformation wave of various heavy-loaded parts made of high-manganese steel.

Using poems to develop the higher-level English language Skills of the Junior-Secondary Students in Sri Lanka

This paper presents how poetry can be used in the English language classroom in Sri Lanka to develop the higher-level language skills of the junior secondary students. The study applied the qualitative dominant mixed method design to collect data from a sample of 250 Grade Eight students and 61 teachers by using questionnaires, classroom observations, interviews, and text analysis. The key findings of the study were that a majority of the teachers considered that the poems were not suitable to develop the higher-level language skills of the students because they were unfamiliar with using poems for language development. Poems were used in the classroom for loud reading and meanings were explained in the Mother Tongue. When the teachers were provided with strategies as a scaffold, students were actively engaged in the poems and higher-level language skills were developed. Therefore, by applying appropriate strategies poems can be used successfully to develop the higher-level language skills of the students.

Laboratory as an Instrument in Improving the Scientific Reasoning Skills of Pre-Service Science Teachers with Different Cognitive Styles

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of guided inquiry learning approach-based laboratory applications on the scientific reasoning skills of pre-service science teachers with different cognitive styles. Additionally, the opinions of pre-service science teachers with different cognitive styles about the effects of the application carried out in the study on the improvement of their scientific reasoning skills were also examined. The sample consisted of five pre-service science teachers studying at a state university in the west of Turkey. In the study, the partially mixed sequential dominant status design, which is a mixed-method research design, was used. The scientific reasoning skills of the participants were determined by using the Classroom Test of Formal Reasoning, and their cognitive styles were identified with the Group Embedded Figures Test. The opinions of the participants were taken through focus group interviews held after the application. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that the participants with field-dependent and field-intermediate cognitive styles achieved more targeted outcomes compared to those with field-independent cognitive styles. The potential relationship of this finding to the use of the guided inquiry learning approach and the hypothetico-deductive reasoning cycle during the applications was analyzed in terms of the concept of information processing, and recommendations were made for researchers.

Towards Transformative Sustainability Education Through Ecological Implications of Local Curriculum

The dominant schooling design of the schools in Nepal celebrates Western-Modern ideals of indoor schooling structure. The indoor design has continuously separated school education from the living world. Also, it has constrained pedagogical innovations for outdoor teaching and learning. It might be a reason that despite several trainings and capacity development programs for head teachers and teachers, many schools in Nepal have not been able to implement the local curriculum policy provision of the Nepal government. Against this background, evidenced through the lessons learned from a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project for contextualized teaching and learning in a rural-located school of Nepal, this study explores how the initiations for the local curriculum were sandwiched in the limited space of linearly designed indoor pedagogical structure of the school. From there, it argues the need to discover the ecological implications of the local curriculum. Following the transformative sustainability principles of authenticity, rationality, and ethical responsibility, the ecological implications suggest local curriculum practitioners to revisit indoor schooling design and make it flexible enough to embrace community life world as teaching and learning resources.

Reproducibility in Small-N Treatment Research: A Tutorial Using Examples From Aphasiology.

Small-N studies are the dominant study design supporting evidence-based interventions in communication science and disorders, including treatments for aphasia and related disorders. However, there is little guidance for conducting reproducible analyses or selecting appropriate effect sizes in small-N studies, which has implications for scientific review, rigor, and replication. This tutorial aims to (a) demonstrate how to conduct reproducible analyses using effect sizes common to research in aphasia and related disorders and (b) provide a conceptual discussion to improve the reader's understanding of these effect sizes. We provide a tutorial on reproducible analyses of small-N designs in the statistical programming language R using published data from Wambaugh et al. (2017). In addition, we discuss the strengths, weaknesses, reporting requirements, and impact of experimental design decisions on effect sizes common to this body of research. Reproducible code demonstrates implementation and comparison of within-case standardized mean difference, proportion of maximal gain, tau-U, and frequentist and Bayesian mixed-effects models. Data, code, and an interactive web application are available as a resource for researchers, clinicians, and students. Pursuing reproducible research is key to promoting transparency in small-N treatment research. Researchers and clinicians must understand the properties of common effect size measures to make informed decisions in order to select ideal effect size measures and act as informed consumers of small-N studies. Together, a commitment to reproducibility and a keen understanding of effect sizes can improve the scientific rigor and synthesis of the evidence supporting clinical services in aphasiology and in communication sciences and disorders more broadly. Supplemental Material and Open Science Form: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21699476.

A Sparsified Densely Connected Network with Separable Convolution for Finger-Vein Recognition

At present, ResNet and DenseNet have achieved significant performance gains in the field of finger-vein biometric recognition, which is partially attributed to the dominant design of cross-layer skip connection. In this manner, features from multiple layers can be effectively aggregated to provide sufficient discriminant representation. Nevertheless, an over-dense connection pattern may induce channel expansion of feature maps and excessive memory consumption. To address these issues, we proposed a low memory overhead and fairly lightweight network architecture for finger-vein recognition. The core components of the proposed network are a sequence of sparsified densely connected blocks with symmetric structure. In each block, a novel connection cropping strategy is adopted to balance the channel ratio of input/output feature maps. Beyond this, to facilitate smaller model volume and faster convergence, we substitute the standard convolutional kernels with separable convolutional kernels and introduce a robust loss metric that is defined on the geodesic distance of angular space. Our proposed sparsified densely connected network with separable convolution (hereinafter dubbed ‘SC-SDCN’) has been tested on two benchmark finger-vein datasets, including the Multimedia Lab of Chonbuk National University (MMCBNU)and Finger Vein of Universiti Sains Malaysia (FV-USM), and the advantages of our SC-SDCN can be evident from the experimental results. Specifically, an equal error rate (EER) of 0.01% and an accuracy of 99.98% are obtained on the MMCBNU dataset, and an EER of 0.45% and an accuracy of 99.74% are obtained on the FV-USM dataset.

Evaluation and Design Development of Rice Milling Machine

This study aims to identify and determine the level of consumer needs related to rice milling machine and, to develop a House of Quality (HOQ) to determine the dominant design requirements and the priority technical characteristics of the tool. The benefit of this research is to facilitate the design development so that it can continue to provide improvements to the quality of the rice grinder so that the quality of the rice produced can be maintained. The research method used is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method by conducting a survey to the field which aims to determine the level of consumer needs by distributing questionnaires and seeking information about what farmers need to make the farmer's work easier. Questionnaires were distributed to the community, most of whom work as farmers and workers in rice mills. The research location is in Pariaman Regency and Padang City. The results of this study are the highest priority scale from the aspect of consumer needs, namely fast work with a weight value (3.63) and from the technical response aspect, namely energy needs with a weight value (36.15). Based on the House of quality analysis, design development is focused on improving performance and optimizing energy sources using solar energy.

Homogeneous output feedback design for time-delay nonlinear integrators and beyond: An emulation

Global asymptotic stabilization (GAS) of a chain of nonlinear integrators with large constant delays in state and input is shown to be achievable via memoryless output feedback, although its linearization even without delays is uncontrollable and unobservable. The proof is constructive and carried out by designing a delay-free, reduced-order homogeneous observer and a homogeneous controller, which rely on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional stability theorem, a homogeneous domination design, and an emulation approach. As a byproduct of the development, GAS by memoryless homogeneous output feedback is also proved to be possible for a class of time-delay upper-triangular systems with strong nonlinearity.

Estimation of Appropriate Acceleration Lane Length for Safe and Efficient Truck Platooning Operation on Freeway Merge Areas

The length of an acceleration lane is one of the dominant freeway geometric design parameters. This length requires new analyses to anticipate the needs of heavy commercial vehicle (HCV) platooning. We evaluated the safety and operational impact of HCV platooning on acceleration lane length for a freeway ramp in Ontario, Canada. This study modified the 2018 AASHTO’s acceleration lane length estimation analytical model. Furthermore, this study used a VISSIM micro-simulation model and surrogated safety assessment model (SSAM) to examine the safety and operational impact on the real-world circumstances of HCV platooning at 0.6 s and 1.2 s headways and different market penetration rates of 0%, 5%, and 10%. The results suggest a minimum acceleration lane length of 600 m for platooned HCVs, which is inadequate compared to American and Canadian design guidelines. An extended acceleration lane length (600 m) will improve safety by reducing conflict by 19.2% and operational performance by reducing 3.9% of 85th percentile merging time for the operation of 5% HCV platooning with 0.6 s headway compared with 350 m acceleration lane length. This study suggests 5% of traffic containing two HCV platoons with 0.6 s headway may be reasonable for operation during certain hours of the day under existing conditions.

Dominant Designs for Wings of Airborne Wind Energy Systems

This paper focuses on the design of the wings used in airborne wind energy systems. At the moment, two different designs are being developed: soft wings and rigid wings. This paper aimed to establish which of the two alternative design choices has the highest chance of dominance and which factors affect that. We treated this problem as a battle for a dominant design, of which the outcome can be explained by factors for technology dominance. The objective was to find weights for the factors for technology dominance for this specific case. This was accomplished by applying the best worst method (BWM). The results are based on literature research and interviews with experts from different backgrounds. It was found that the factors of technological superiority, learning orientation and flexibility are the most important for this case. In addition, it appeared that both designs still have a chance to win the battle.

Research Trends in PjBL (Project-Based Learning) at Indonesian Journal of Biology Education

Project-based learning (PjBL) was one of the learning strategies that can develop students' scientific skills in the 21st century. This study used a qualitative approach by analyzing several articles published in biology education journals in Indonesia from 2015–2022, focusing on studying the implementation of project-based learning on biological materials. The current study reveals that there has been a decline in the number of publications over the past four years. Among these studies, the dominant research design is quantitative. In addition, high school students and environmental content were the most targeted subjects and content, respectively. ANOVA and tests are the most commonly used data analysis techniques and instruments. Meanwhile, the most widely measured skills as learning outcomes are critical and creative thinking. Based on what this study found, a number of suggestions have been made to do more research on PjBL and to test other 21st century skills. Keywords: Project Based Learning, Biology Education, Research Trends

Optimum Design of UAV Wing Skin Structure with a High Aspect Ratio Using Variable Laminate Stiffness

This paper quickly calculated the design variables to satisfy the strength and stability conditions, the dominant design verification conditions of the composite wing structure, through a genetic algorithm. It developed a variable stiffness stacking optimization process applicable to aircraft wing structure design. We proposed a laminate parameter-based optimization strategy that considers the stiffness characteristics of the two-dimensional elements used as design variables. Compared with the optimization results obtained using continuous stiffness optimization as an optimization process function of laminate sequences with genetic algorithms, we obtained a reasonable stiffness distribution while complying with critical guidelines related to individual composite layup designs. The results of the stiffness optimization design were implemented as a finite element model, and the results were verified through NASTRAN. We demonstrated the functionality of the stiffness optimization process by obtaining results satisfying the set response conditions, i.e., strength and stability, in many design areas of the wing.

The state of implementing big data in banking business processes: An Indonesian perspective

Notwithstanding the perceived global potentiality, how big data enhances decision-making quality prompts an intriguing inquiry, especially in an increasingly competitive banking environment in developing economies. Building on an industry data-driven framework, this study strives to understand the state of implementing big data in the Indonesian banking sector. A deductively organized descriptive method employing in-depth interviews was conducted with subject matter experts representing Indonesian banking-related areas. The result and the following analysis show the modest status of big data implementation across three major banks and two complementary companies, as indicated by many elements of the framework phases that were found during the early adoption stage. This denotes a steady buy-in across banking business processes as particularly reflected in the framework’s four phases – continuing push to meet the variety aspect (intelligence), structured data architecture domination (design), limited choice of performance indicator for big data value (choice), and customer–corporate vision decoupling (implementation). While Indonesian banks have evidently initiated the big data implementation, further improvement remains imperative for the decision-making process. Accordingly, big data should be tightly coupled with a strong data-driven vision that drives decision-making across intra-firm actors. Handling data omnipresence shall be viewed as the embodiment of a data-driven vision.

New insight into the current study of high tibial osteotomy: A bibliometric analysis.

Background:To analyze global trends in focus and funding of research related to high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and to identify the 100 most cited articles in this field.Methods:A Web of Science search was used to identify HTO publications in English-language scientific journals from January 1967 till February 3th, 2021. Results were filtered to the 100 most cited articles by reading the abstract or full-text paper. Information of these articles was recorded for further analysis. The 10 top-cited articles during the last 5 years and the 10 top-cited articles about HTO ranked by average citations per year were selected to predict research trends.Results:In all, 48 out of the 100 top-cited articles were published between 2000 and 2010. The United States of America was the primary contributor (n = 29) followed by Germany (n = 17) and Japan (n = 11). The total number of citations per article ranged from 65 to 563, median 108, mean 135 (standard deviation = 84). The American Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery accounted for 23 out of the 100 top-cited articles. Koshino T was the most cited author (603 citations). The most frequently highlighted study theme was prognostic research. Patient-based clinical research was the dominant study design (85%). The majority of articles (48 out of 100) were level IV evidence with a mean of 141 (standard deviation = 97) citations. Top-cited articles in the last 5 years focused on open wedge osteotomy.Conclusion:Technical optimization of open wedge osteotomy has emerged as the main area of research in HTO. More specifically, recent publications focus on the surgical technology, cartilage repair and new fixation devices. Besides, papers with a high level of evidence are needed for the development of HTO.