Dominant Principle Research Articles

Subdimensional Expansion for Multi-Objective Multi-Agent Path Finding

Conventional multi-agent path planners typically determine a path that optimizes a single objective, such as path length. Many applications, however, may require multiple objectives, say time-to-completion and fuel use, to be simultaneously optimized in the planning process. Often, these criteria may not be readily compared and sometimes lie in competition with each other. Simply applying standard multi-objective search algorithms to multi-agent path finding may prove to be inefficient because the size of the space of possible solutions, i.e., the Pareto-optimal set, can grow exponentially with the number of agents (the dimension of the search space). This paper presents an approach that bypasses this so-called curse of dimensionality by leveraging our prior multi-agent work with a framework called subdimensional expansion. One example of subdimensional expansion, when applied to A*, is called M* and M* was limited to a single objective function. We combine principles of dominance and subdimensional expansion to create a new algorithm named multi-objective M* (MOM*), which dynamically couples agents for planning only when those agents have to "interact" with each other. MOM* computes the complete Pareto-optimal set for multiple agents efficiently and naturally trades off sub-optimal approximations of the Pareto-optimal set and computational efficiency. Our approach is able to find the complete Pareto-optimal set for problem instances with hundreds of solutions which the standard multi-objective A* algorithms could not find within a bounded time.

Hamy Mean Operators Based on Complex q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Setting and Their Application in Multi-Attribute Decision Making

To determine the connection among any amounts of attributes, the Hamy mean (HM) operator is one of the more broad, flexible, and dominant principles used to operate problematic and inconsistent information in actual life dilemmas. Furthermore, for the option to viably portray more complicated fuzzy vulnerability data, the idea of complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets can powerfully change the scope of sign of choice data by changing a boundary q, dependent on the distinctive wavering degree from the leaders, where ζ≥1, so they outperform the conventional complex intuitionistic and complex Pythagorean fuzzy sets. In genuine dynamic issues, there is frequently a communication problem between credits. The goal of this study is to initiate the HM operators based on the flexible complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy (Cq-ROF) setting, called the Cq-ROF Hamy mean (Cq-ROFHM) operator and the Cq-ROF weighted Hamy mean (Cq-ROFWHM) operator, and some of their desirable properties are investigated in detail. A multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) dilemma for investigating decision-making problems under the Cq-ROF setting is explored with certain examples. Finally, a down-to-earth model for big business asset-arranging framework determination is provided to check the created approach and to exhibit its reasonableness and adequacy. The exploratory outcomes show that the clever MADM strategy is better than the current MADM techniques for managing MADM issues.

Social drama of independence

The article analyzes the problem of Ukraine's development since independence. A comparison of the way of organizing social reality in modern Ukraine and in the Soviet period is carried out. The main regulatory factor in the life of Soviet society was the principle of domination. Ukraine has inherited the principle of domination and retains its leading role in the current social order. Its various manifestations that determine the structure of Ukrainian society, in particular the growth of the bureaucratic class and bureaucratic pressure on all spheres and sections of life, are analyzed. The dominance of bureaucracy contains latent violence, feeds corruption and minimizes social dynamics. It is also a phenomenon of power rent, which finds its expression in a kind of "privatization of the state." Another universal effect of the principle of domination is the doubling of social reality into apparent and hidden. The apparent reality becomes a space for the existence of ordinary citizens and the implementation of legal procedures, while the hidden one contains a system of real circulation of power, which is not regulated by any legal regulations, instead, controls all movements of the social body. The systemic role in the hidden society is played by cliques — informal groups of influential people who really control the course of events. The con- sequence of the principle of domination is the passivity and marginalization of the Ukrainian citizen, associated with the defect of political participation. Such non-participation in power is embodied in such forms of consciousness as hope, liking, and despair. Today, independence is not a given, but a chance that must be realized. The way to this is through the restoration of the role of the people as a sovereign power and the development of non-dominant regulatory factors of sociality.

Can we trust the standardized mortality ratio? A formal analysis and evaluation based on axiomatic requirements.

BackgroundThe standardized mortality ratio (SMR) is often used to assess and compare hospital performance. While it has been recognized that hospitals may differ in their SMRs due to differences in patient composition, there is a lack of rigorous analysis of this and other—largely unrecognized—properties of the SMR.MethodsThis paper proposes five axiomatic requirements for adequate standardized mortality measures: strict monotonicity (monotone relation to actual mortality rates), case-mix insensitivity (independence of patient composition), scale insensitivity (independence of hospital size), equivalence principle (equal rating of hospitals with equal actual mortality rates in all patient groups), and dominance principle (better rating of unambiguously better performing hospitals). Given these axiomatic requirements, effects of variations in patient composition, hospital size, and actual and expected mortality rates on the SMR were examined using basic algebra and calculus. In this regard, we distinguished between standardization using expected mortality rates derived from a different dataset (external standardization) and standardization based on a dataset including the considered hospitals (internal standardization). The results were illustrated by hypothetical examples.ResultsUnder external standardization, the SMR fulfills the axiomatic requirements of strict monotonicity and scale insensitivity but violates the requirement of case-mix insensitivity, the equivalence principle, and the dominance principle. All axiomatic requirements not fulfilled under external standardization are also not fulfilled under internal standardization. In addition, the SMR under internal standardization is scale sensitive and violates the axiomatic requirement of strict monotonicity.ConclusionsThe SMR fulfills only two (none) out of the five proposed axiomatic requirements under external (internal) standardization. Generally, the SMRs of hospitals are differently affected by variations in case mix and actual and expected mortality rates unless the hospitals are identical in these characteristics. These properties hamper valid assessment and comparison of hospital performance based on the SMR.

Asymmetric epigenetic modification and homoeolog expression bias in the establishment and evolution of allopolyploid Brassica napus.

This study explores how allopolyploidization reshapes the biased expression and asymmetric epigenetic modification of homoeologous gene pairs, and examines the regulation types and epigenetic basis of expression bias. We analyzed the gene expression and four epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K27ac) of 29976 homoeologous gene pairs in resynthesized, natural allopolyploid Brassica napus and an in silico 'hybrid'. We comprehensively elucidated the biased gene expression, asymmetric epigenetic modifications and the generational transmission characteristics of these homoeologous gene pairs in B.napus. We analyzed cis/trans effects and the epigenetic basis of homoeolog expression bias. There was a significant positive correlation between two active histone modifications and biased gene expression. We revealed that parental legacy was the dominant principle in the remodeling of homoeolog expression bias and asymmetric epigenetic modifications in B.napus, and further clarified that this depends on whether there were differences in the expression/epigenetic modifications of gene pairs in parents/progenitors. The maternal genome was dominant in the homoeolog expression bias of resynthesized B.napus, and this phenomenon was attenuated in natural B.napus. Furthermore, cis rather than trans effects were dominant when epigenetic modifications potentially affected biased expression of gene pairs in B.napus.

Timoshenko beam and plate non-stationary vibrations

The problems of Timoshenko beams and plates lateral vibrations under the influence of unsteady loads are considered. Both beam and plate is supposed to be unlimited. In case of the plate the problem has been simply studied. The approach to the solution was based on dominant function method and principle of superposition. Integral models of solutions with cores as dominant functions were built which could be analytically found with the help of the Fourier and Laplace integral transforms. Two original analytical methods for Fourier and Laplace transforms were offered and realized. The examples of calculations were given.

Impoliteness in parliamentary discourse: a cognitive-pragmatic and sociocultural approach

This article focuses on the use of impoliteness strategies in the discourse of American, Bulgarian, Polish, and Ukrainian parliaments. Our research of impolite rhetoric, also known as unparliamentary language, is located on the intersection of cognitive pragmatics, cultural linguistics, and discourse analysis. We use an integrative framework, in which the pragmatics of impoliteness is underpinned by the cognitive model of the concept of impoliteness. We offer a description of impoliteness strategies in parliamentary discourse, single out the leading strategy of devaluation of the opponent, and define the stereotypical for each parliament verbal means of the strategy of devaluation and its tactics: criticism and belittlement of one’s merits and importance. Their verbal markers are lexicalized and syntactic units bearing the meaning of negative characterization, disrespect, mockery, sarcasm. We hypothesize that the variation of impoliteness strategies is different parliamentary discourses corresponds to linguistic, pragmatic, and sociocultural dissimilarities, and provide support for this through an empirical study. Linguistically, discursive means of devaluation in the American, Bulgarian, Polish, and Ukrainian parliaments are context free and context dependent, and their ratio varies. In all these parliamentary discourses, the lexicalized markers of impoliteness come from common mental source domains: negative evaluation, legal offence, democracy, deception, hostilities, their variation is due to corresponding construals of the world. Culturally, we claim that the form and content of impoliteness strategies is indirectly connected with a low-context culture in the USA as opposed to a high-context type of Slavic cultures. In the former, devaluation of opponents is mostly reached by lexicalized markers with inherent negative meaning; and in the latter, by syntactic context-dependent means. Pragmatically, the specific properties of impoliteness strategies in the four parliamentary discourses reveal their relation to the dominant politeness principles, which are negatively oriented in modern English and positively in Bulgarian, Polish, and Ukrainian.

A New Fitness Function With Two Rankings for Evolutionary Constrained Multiobjective Optimization

Among the constraint-handling techniques (CHTs) in constrained multiobjective optimization, constrained dominance principle (CDP) is simple, flexible, nonparametric, and easy to be embedded into multiobjective evolutionary algorithms. However, CDP always prefers constraints to objectives, which tends to cause premature convergence. To overcome this drawback, we propose a new CHT on the basis of CDP. In our CHT, the fitness function of each solution is defined as the weighted sum of two rankings: one is the solution's ranking based on CDP and the other is the solution's ranking based on Pareto dominance (i.e., without considering any constraints). It is evident that these two rankings favor the “feasibility” and “optimality” of each solution, respectively. More importantly, the weight employed in the fitness function is related to the proportion of feasible solutions in the current population, enabling the population to adaptively balance constraints and objectives in the evolutionary process. The effectiveness of our CHT is evaluated on three test suites and the experimental results demonstrate that our CHT shows better or highly competitive performance compared with other representative CHTs.

MuSyC is a consensus framework that unifies multi-drug synergy metrics for combinatorial drug discovery

Drug combination discovery depends on reliable synergy metrics but no consensus exists on the correct synergy criterion to characterize combined interactions. The fragmented state of the field confounds analysis, impedes reproducibility, and delays clinical translation of potential combination treatments. Here we present a mass-action based formalism to quantify synergy. With this formalism, we clarify the relationship between the dominant drug synergy principles, and present a mapping of commonly used frameworks onto a unified synergy landscape. From this, we show how biases emerge due to intrinsic assumptions which hinder their broad applicability and impact the interpretation of synergy in discovery efforts. Specifically, we describe how traditional metrics mask consequential synergistic interactions, and contain biases dependent on the Hill-slope and maximal effect of single-drugs. We show how these biases systematically impact synergy classification in large combination screens, potentially misleading discovery efforts. Thus the proposed formalism can provide a consistent, unbiased interpretation of drug synergy, and accelerate the translatability of synergy studies.

The significance and influence of religions and confessions on the formation of nations in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The article deals with the religious and confessional identity of the population in Bosnia and Herzegovina at the time of Ottoman and then the Austro-Hungarian authorities, and it is trying to define the elements of nationality in their identity. The reasons for initiating the rounding-up of three national identities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Muslim/Bosniak, Croatian and Serbian) and not a common one are also highlighted. It identifies the external factors as well as the circumstances of the internal dynamics of society that have influenced the formation of the nation on the dominant principle of religious/confessional affiliation of the population.

V. II principio dell’irretroattività della legge nell’esperienza giuridica romana dell’età repubblicana

Abstract The Principle of the Irretroactivity of the Law in the Roman Legal Experience in the Republican Age. Through an in-depth analysis of literary and legal sources (primarily Cicero) and of epigraphic evidence, the author demonstrates that the principle of the law’s non-retroactivity was known to, and applied by, the Romans since the Republican age. The political struggle favored on several occasions the violation of this principle by imposing an extraordinary criminal legislation, aimed at sanctioning past behaviors of adversaries. But, although with undeniable limits of effectiveness in the dynamic relationship with the retroactivity, the author acknowledges that at the end of the first century BC non-retroactivity appeared as the dominant principle, consolidated both in the field of the civil law as well as substantive criminal law.

Manifestations of the “non-classical” in the orchestral manner of C. Debussy

The relevance. Multidirectionality of artistic searches in the musical art of the first half of the XX century fully complies with the worldview and values of European culture of that time. The change of perception of the world, matter, time and space is objectified in the sound matter of musical works. Among the composers who have a defining role in paving the ways for new music, we should mention C. Debussy.
 The purpose of the article is to identify and systematize of “non-classical” features in the orchestral manner of C. Debussy.
 The novelty of the article is the study of the orchestral manner specifics of C. Debussy as “non-classical” in certain traits.
 The methodology. The article uses functional, historical, comparative, analytical and complex methods. The theoretical basis of the study are the works of V. Bobrovskyi (2018), H. Golovynskyi (1981), S. Iskhakova (1998), L. Kokoreva (2010), S. Mozhot (2006).
 The result. Extrapolation of scientific statements of V. Bobrovskyi, H. Golovynskyi, S. Iskhakova, L. Kokoreva, S. Mozhot to the sphere of orchestral thinking and orchestral manner of C. Debussy allowed to reveal signs of “non-classical” as the ones that draw a boundary between the principles of classical-romantic orchestration (based on functional harmony) and new music of the XX century. It is the “non-classical” features that allow to create a new sound matter, a new perception of space and time in the orchestral works of the composer. In our opinion, the manifestations of the “non-classical” are: 1) functional restructuring of the orchestral texture on the basis of non-hierarchy as the dominant principle; 2) building a dense, “concrete” in terms of eventfulness and, at the same time, light (massless), broad musical space, 3) levelling the boundary between the exposing (more integral and continuous) type of orchestration and developing (smaller, dialogical, discrete); 4) interpenetration of continuity and discreteness (discrete continuity) at the level of thematics and orchestration as a consequence of erasing the boundary between the functions of background and relief and the exposing and developing orchestration types.
 The practical significance. The results of the work can be applied in the training courses “History of orchestral styles”, “History of foreign music”, which are studied in higher education institutions; in further scientific researches.

Vector dominance, one flavored baryons, and QCD domain walls from the "hidden" Wess-Zumino term

We further explore a recent proposal that the vector mesons in QCD have a special role as Chern-Simons fields on various QCD objects such as domain walls and the one flavored baryons. We compute contributions to domain wall theories and to the baryon current coming from a generalized Wess-Zumino term including vector mesons. The conditions that lead to the expected Chern-Simons terms and the correct spectrum of baryons, coincide with the conditions for vector meson dominance. This observation provides a theoretical explanation to the phenomenological principle of vector dominance, as well as an experimental evidence for the identification of vector mesons as the Chern-Simons fields. By deriving the Chern-Simons theories directly from an action, we obtain new results about QCD domain walls. One conclusion is the existence of a first order phase transition between domain walls as a function of the quarks' masses. We also discuss applications of our results to Seiberg duality between gluons and vector mesons and provide new evidence supporting the duality.

Court building or palace of justice? (View from the standpoint of judicial symbolism)

Analysis of symbolic dimension of a court building in the general sense of its social vocation is carried out in the article. From the standpoint of judicial symbolism, the authors describe some well-known court buildings in various European countries, in particular, in Ukraine. The authors point out that since its inception, the court as one of the most important social institutions has been marked by a special attitude to the place or building where its sessions took place. In ancient Rome, in accordance with the notion of the need to sanctify space, where important actions and processes took place, the trial was held at a forum or in sacred premises, which often coincided with temples. In medieval Europe, trials were also held in the most privileged premises – palaces of rulers, temples, in the main squares. In the city magistrates, the courtrooms were one of the most solemn, and their interiors were decorated with works of art relating to justice. To this day, where possible, court buildings are erected with the intention of emphasizing the high social significance of justice. This is expressed in architectural forms (in particular, the imitation of classical examples of architecture, which were often common to public, temple and palace buildings as the most important in the local community or country). It is also expressed in modern conceptual solutions of architects, which successfully emphasize the dominant principles of justice – transparency, equality. The court buildings expressed in their appearance and interior design that the justice exercised here is one of the constituent foundations of society. The buildings of the courts, in addition to a purely utilitarian purpose and practicality, had a clear symbolic dimension, conveying the value of the category of justice. Some modern Ukrainian courts also fit into the general European tradition of emphasizing the importance of this institution with majestic buildings. At the same time, these buildings appear as architectural pearls of cities. A special role in the symbolism of the court building as a judicial symbol is played by stairs, which symbolically express the elevation of a person to the halls where justice is realized and the most important legal decisions are made.

الضوابط الشرعیة للتخارج فی الأوعیة الاستثماریة

هذا البحث ينصب حول دراسة موضوع يعد من الموضوعات ذات الأهمية الکبرى، حيث يتناول دراسة إشکالية من الإشکاليات المستجدة في المعاملات المالية المعاصرة، التي أثارت اهتماما فقهيا؛ لأهميته في المجال الاقتصادي، ألا وهو موضوع : الضوابط الشرعية للتخارج في الأوعية الاستثمارية، وقد تم فيه بيان مفهوم الضابط وحقيقته، وکذلک مفهوم التخارج وحقيقته، وأيضا مفهوم الأوعية الاستثمارية وحقيقتها، کما تم فيه عرض ضوابط التخارج إذا کانت الموجودات نقودا، حيث يشترط فيها: التقابض، وأن تکون حالة، والخلو عن خيار الشرط، کما تم فيه عرض الضوابط إذا کانت الموجودات ديونا، کما تم فيه عرض أقوال الفقهاء وأدلتهم حول بيع الدين بثمن حال للمدين، وبيع الدين بثمن حال لغير المدين، کما تعرض البحث لضوابط التخارج إذا کانت الموجودات أعيانا ومنافع، فکان منها: أن يتم التخارج والقسمة دون ضرر أو ضرار، وأن يتم التخارج وفقا لقاعدة حسن النية، وأن يتم الإعلان والإفصاح عن الأعيان والمنافع المتعلقة بالترکة، وذلک عن طريق الجهات المختصة، ثم بين ضوابط التخارج إذا کانت الموجودات مختلطة، مع بيان مسألة مد عجوة، ومسألة مبدأ الکثرة والغلبة (إعطاء الحکم للأکثر أو الأغلب)، ومسألة التبعية والأصلة (العبرة بالقصد). This research study focuses on a new problematic issue in contemporary financial transactions, which has been a subject of jurisprudential studies. Due to its importance in the economic field, Shari’a regulations are set for takharuj (relinquishing a share of inheritance) in investment vessels, in which the concepts of the investment vessels and takharuj have been examined, along with the regulations of takharuj in case the assets be in cash. In such case, immediate exchange is necessary, and it should be condition-free. Other regulations are discussed in case the assets be debts. The opinions of the jurists and their supporting evidence, about selling the debt at an immediate price to the debtor and to the non-debtor, are reviewed. The study also covers regulations of takharuj in case the assets be real property or utilities, including takharuj while distribution takes place without entailing or inflicting harm, and takharuj taking place according to the good faith rule, and with disclosure of the assets and benefits related to inheritance through competent authorities. Then, the study addresses takharuj in case the assets are mixed, including the issue of ‘mudd of Pressed Dates,’the principle of abundance and dominance (judging according to the rule of abundance or prevalence), and the issue of dependency and the principle of original (intent; what matters is purpose).

The Dichotomy of Procedural and Distributive Justice in the Theory of Social Choice

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to provide critical analysis regarding the application of distributive in the theory of social choice. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research combines the elements of critical analysis and synthesis utilizing a rich scope of inter-disciplinary evidence. Findings: Distributive serves as the dominant concept in economics, at the same time being hardly competitive with the principles of social sustainability. Practical Implications: Social choice framework should incorporate justice of procedure, relying more on the fairness of processes governing social resources distribution. Originality/Value: The proposed paper re-discovers and examines the application of procedural in the field of social choice, while distributive remains the dominant principle in economics.

POSTCOLONIAL TRANSLATION STUDIES: FOREIGNIZATION AND DOMESTICATION OF CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS IN OF MICE AND MEN’S INDONESIAN TRANSLATED VERSIONS

Resistance to Western Culture can be seen through translator’s strategy of translating novels. This research aims to analyze the translation of culture-specific items in Indonesian translated versions of Of Mice and Men, originally written by John Steinbeck. The selected translated versions belong to the work of Pramoedya Ananta Toer (2003) and Ariyantri E. Tarman (2017). The translations of culture-specific items are analyzed under Transnational American Studies paradigm to find out the dominant translation principle applied in both translated versions and the results are discussed from the perspective of postcolonial translation studies. From the data, it is found out that the domestication principle is more dominant than foreignization strategy. Analyzed from postcolonial translation studies, the tendency to use the domestication principle in translated novels show the efforts of the target culture to fight against Western culture as the source culture. Although both Indonesian versions of Of Mice and Men mostly apply the domestication principle, the recent translated version (T2) shows an increase in the use of foreignization principle in which English loanwords are frequently used. From a postcolonial translation studies’ perspective, it can be concluded that target culture is against Western culture; however, the signs of cultural imperialism, especially linguistic imperialism, have grown in the recent years.

Economic Sustainability and Riskiness of Cover Crop Adoption for Organic Production of Corn and Soybean in Northern Italy

Techniques based on terminated cover crops are proposed in organic agriculture instead of traditional inter-row tillage for weed control in subsequent grain crops. We estimated the profitability and evaluated the riskiness of novel techniques compared to the traditional one. Two-year yield data from three on-farm trials for corn and one for soybean in northern Italy were combined with cost and revenue data to calculate and compare gross margin distributions of different techniques in each crop. The relative ranking of techniques and the associated riskiness was assessed by these distributions using the stochastic dominance principles. Corn yield response on cover crop-based treatments was very variable, making the adoption of cover crops overall less sustainable from an economic point of view than the traditional tillage-based technique. Further research in this sense was nonetheless warranted by observed exceptions. Hairy vetch cover crop tended to higher profitability and lower riskiness than crimson clover for subsequent corn cropping. Specific analyses suggested nil or slightly negative nitrogen fertilizer effects of legume residues on corn. Results indicated that profitability could be maintained with cover crops in soybean compared to the traditional practice. In particular, triticale tended to provide better economic performances than inter-row tillage.

Data science literacy: Toward a philosophy of accessible and adaptable data science skill development in public administration programs

Public administration is struggling to contend with a substantial shift in practice fueled by the accelerating adoption of information technology. New skills, competencies and pedagogies are required by the field to help overcome the data-skills gap. As a means to address these deficiencies, we introduce the Data Science Literacy Framework, a heuristic for incorporating data science principles into public administration programs. The framework suggests that data literacy is the dominant principle underlying a shift in professional practice, accentuated by an understanding of computational science, statistical methodology, and data-adjacent domain knowledge. A combination of new and existing skills meshed into public administration curriculums help implement these principles and advance public administration education.

DIRECTIVES ON COMMUNITY USE OF FACE MASKS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A COMMENTARY ARTICLE

Wearing a universal face mask is recommended by most health authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary elaborates directives given in relation to the use of face masks and identify the underlying principles for public health recommendations by the government authorities of Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Key data were considered from official government websites by a team of healthcare management experts. It was argued that the directives recommended by the governments were based on the principles addressing the different facets of COVID-19 pandemic, population dynamics, resource availability and scarcity, and the fact that how the proposed standard of practices would be translated into compulsory obligations in the community. The principles involved regulations versus voluntary compliance of the population, transmission scenario, protection from sick or asymptomatic people, special needs and vulnerable groups, synergistic versus substitute/alternative, occupational health risk, adverse effects on usage, types of masks which depend on the risk or context, change in use practices depending on demand, scarcity and quality assurance. Recommendations of the use of face masks were found to be heterogeneous and apparently inconstant. Within the dynamic situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, the directives on community use of face masks were issued based on certain dominant principles and interplayed between principles that should be deeply explored by the healthcare decision makers. Keywords: COVID-19, face masks, pandemic, public health measures