Dominance Criteria Research Articles

Analysis of Prioritization of Road Development in Regional Development in North Labuhanbatu Regency

The purpose of this study is to find out how effective location / area conditions are a top priority for the determination of road construction in North Labuhanbatu Regency. The interview data showed that 3 (three) criteria taken in this study, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method were obtained, namely, the cost of development (33.7%), road conditions (46.9%) is the most dominant criterion and level of importance (19.4%). By including 3 (three) criteria against 15 (fifteen) proposals, the evaluation of the comparison of road development priorities of North Labuhanbatu Regency in Fiscal Year 2019 with the priority of alternative road development in regional development obtained 2 (two) road activities that became priorities for Alternative Road Development, namely Hardening Jl Pasar Barat Towards Block I Lingk. West Market Kel. Tanjung Leidong Kec. Kualuh Leidong and Jl Bawal Lingk Development. Kp Baru 4 Kel. Tanjung Leidong Kec. Kualuh Leidong.

THE MULTI-CRITERIA PLANNING MODEL OF URBAN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT WITH REGARD FOR THE INTERESTS OF STAKEHOLDERS

Abstract. The present study is aimed at supporting the concept and making the model of urban spatial development as a complex architectural town-building and socio-economic system, as well as developing tools for reaching agreed multi-criteria planning decisions in the interests of stakeholders. The study examines basic theories (such as pattern language and central places) and conceptual approaches to the formation of urban spaces of trade, recreational, healthcare, image, entertainment, environmental, and sports character. It reveals the possibility and substantiates the necessity of employing expert methods and methods of project management for analysing, generalising, and modelling of urban civic space planning. In addition, there search substantiates conceptual principles, sets out general requirements, and highlights the main tasks of decision-making planning. Furthermore, a multi-criteria optimization model has been built to plan urban spaces in conditions of contradictory interests of stakeholders, under limited resources and in complete in formation. The implementation of the model is to increase the validity of planning decisions and, as a result, lead to higher standards of living due to expansion of existing and diversification of potential functions of urban public spaces. For the evaluation of architectural urban building, economic, social, cultural-monumental, and ecological results, the study lays down criteria depending on the extent the plan of urban public space development is put into action.The method of successive concessions has been shown as an efficient tool for reaching agreed co-created planning decisions by stakeholders. The provided basic model of reaching optimum planning decisions satisfying certain criteria contains restrictions on potential urban spatial development, as well as on the sequence in which interconnected development projects are carried out, and on the balance between supply and demand for services (functions) of urban public spaces. The model, which has been modified by the method of successive concessions for achieving agreed planning decisions in the interests of stakeholders, is based on establishing a dominant optimization criterion, on expert justifying of allowable optimality losses against initial planning decisions per criterion at each stage of subsequent calculations, and on reaching a consensuson a final decision. Keywords: public space, a planning decision, spatial development, evaluation criteria, development potential, a model, interests of stakeholders, a co-creation method. JEL Classification I00, L51, L83, Z10 Formulas: 16; fig.: 2; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 23.

Lost and found: Maximizing the information from a series of bedload tracer surveys

AbstractBedload particle tracking is a technique used to better understand sediment dynamics in rivers. Despite technical advances, tracers may be missed in field surveys. The missed tracers may bias the study results even where recovery rates are high, for example if they are preferentially buried close to the seeding site or transported downstream of the surveyed reach. The goal of the current study is to demonstrate that more information can be extracted from a series of bedload tracer surveys by carefully considering the fate of missing and found tracers and implementing a set of strategies to include the (incomplete) information on sediment displacement metrics. A set of open‐source Matlab algorithms collectively called PITtrack are described that perform the calculations. Results from two tracer datasets show that commonly used sediment displacement metrics are sensitive to the inclusion of the missing tracers, even for cases with high recovery rates. Metrics that describe the variance and skewness of the tracers as they disperse are particularly sensitive. The recommended strategy is to include (a) inferred positions of tracers that are missing but unmoved, (b) likely positions of tracers that are missing, moved, and movement can be attributed to a survey period within the uncertain period that meets a dominant flood criterion, and (c) last known positions of tracers considered lost because they go missing and are never found again. Overall the results offer a method to include all available information on missing tracers to better understand sediment dispersion. Future work should be done to assess the classification system for a wider range of field sites and further refine classification based on spatial or other information.

Dominance criteria on grids for measuring competitive balance in sports leagues

The paper proposes a dominance criterion that assesses whether a seasonal outcome of a sports league is more balanced than another. This criterion is based on a novel third-order stochastic dominance defined on finite sets of evenly spaced seasonal points (seasonal grids), called downward seasonal balance (DSB). The DSB criterion makes the same assessments as the well-known Lorenz criterion. However, the converse is not true: The DSB criterion makes assessments even in cases where the Lorenz criterion cannot. The former is then less incomplete than the latter. The assessments of the DSB criterion reflect the unanimity of a class of competitive balance indices. A seasonal outcome is more balanced than another according to the DSB criterion if and only if every index of the class agrees. Such a class is axiomatically characterized so that the indices place at least as much emphasis on the balance between leading competitors as on the balance occurring among the nonleading competitors. An empirical application provides comparisons of seasonal outcomes of the five most competitive soccer leagues in Europe from 2014–2015 to 2018–2019.

Hubungan Mutu Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien: Studi Kasus Pasien Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Kabupaten Bombana 2021

This study analyzes Patient Satisfaction at the BLUD General Hospital Bombana Regency in terms of service quality model aspects (reliability, assurance, physical evidence, attention, and responsiveness. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design—data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The results showed a significant relationship between reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness with patient satisfaction with a value (ρ value = 0.000 <0.05). From the study results, it was concluded that from the aspect of reliability, assurance, physical evidence, attention, and responsiveness of officers in providing services and education to patients at the BLUD of Bombana District General Hospital, it could affect the level of patient satisfaction. In this study, assurance and empathy become the dominant criteria for assessing patient satisfaction

An Analysis of Authentic Assessment in English Textbook “Stop Bullying Now” Used for the Eleventh Grade Students of Senior High School

The objectives of the present research were to describe the characteristics of authentic assessment used in the English Textbook “Stop Bullying Now” and to find out the characteristics of the most dominant authentic assessment applied in the book “Stop Bullying Now” used for the eleventh grade students of senior high school. This research was a library research using a qualitative descriptive approach. The data which were obtained from document analysis were analyzed using concurrent activity flows from (Miles et al, 2014). The results of this research showed that the textbook had applied authentic assessments to all English skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. However, among the four skills, listening was the skill with the least activity. The textbook applied eight out of nine characteristics (realistic activity or context, cognitively complex, performance-based, formative assessment, collaborative, defense is required, multiple indicators or portfolio, and mastery expectation). The textbook did not apply the criteria known by students because it did not illustrate how teacher assessed students’ work. The most dominant criteria used in this textbook was realistic activity or context. This textbook also took a lot of materials related to the real-life of students.

The Weapon Target Assignment Problem: Rational Inference of Adversary Target Utility Valuations from Observed Solutions

Identifying an adversary’s strategic goals and values requires deliberate and unbiased analysis. This research is motivated by the premise that, if one observes an adversary’s actions or planned actions, it is possible to draw reasonable inferences about their values, thereby reducing misperceptions and informing better decisions. Within the context of the static weapon target assignment problem, this research develops and empirically compares alternative methods to rationalize an adversary’s value hierarchy over targets that informs their observed decisions. Such methods either identify the extreme points of a polytope within a unit simplex of relative target values that encompasses all possible relative target values based on a weak dominance criterion or a subset of points within the polytope. This research characterizes the solution methods’ practical tractability for use on larger-sized problems and their generalizability to other problems. Even for the superlative technique examined, testing illustrates the computationally challenging nature of identifying the defining polytope of relative target values, and the work concludes with suggestions for metaheuristic technique development.

Data-Driven Prognosis of the Failure of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Although the electric vehicle market is witnessing an unprecedented evolution, the fast adoption of these vehicles requires a more thorough status analysis of the battery performance's functionality and reliability. Due to their rechargeable nature, Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) operation is subject to different irreversible processes during their charging and discharging cycles and causing capacity fade due to various degradation mechanisms. These processes generally result in battery capacity degradation, which usually results in battery failure, with consequences ranging from loss of operation, reduced capability, downtime, and catastrophic malfunctions. To address the issues mentioned above, numerous studies have been dedicated to proposing proper degradation model mechanisms for improving the reliability and availability of LIBs. However, due to accuracy and computational complexity challenges, most existing remaining useful life (RUL) and health prediction models focus on special degradation effects and ignore the integrated deterioration mechanisms, which generally involve batteries' capacity fade associated with the inadequacy of current health estimation tools. Thus, these shortcomings ultimately echo the need to devise novel tools to identify the dominant criteria negatively affecting battery performance and accurately predict the system's failure. The above challenges eventually necessitate a robust and reliable predictive or prognostic capability for prognostics and health monitoring (PHM) under a complexly hostile working environment. In this context, this investigation aims at proposing a novel data-driven approach called data-driven prognosis (DDP) that estimates the relevant constitutive parameters in situ and captures deviations from the expected degradation dynamics of the LIBs in addition to precise modeling of the degradation and capacity models. This talk will present a new data-driven approach using statistical pattern recognition and machine learning tools to detect batteries' anomalies and failures.

Valences and sense of personal autonomy with regard to professional development in Dutch primary teachers: Do decision contexts and age make a difference?

In this study on motivations concerning professional development (PD) we interviewed 95 primary school teachers in the Netherlands. We coded these data using the Unified Model of Task-specific Motivation (de Brabander & Martens, 2014) in different decision contexts concerning who decides about teacher participation in PD: school board, teacher teams, or individual teachers. We analysed the valences that teachers associated with PD activities, their experiences of autonomy, and whether and how these variables were affected by decision context and teacher age. Results show that decision contexts relate differently to valences and autonomy experiences. Positive autonomy and positive valences increased going from schoolboard to team to individual decision contexts. Whereas the literature on effective teacher PD stresses the importance of PD design features, our study is the first to empirically demonstrate the crucial influence of decision contexts. Among older teachers, teaching experience informed the selection of PD content to transfer to their classrooms. Younger teachers tended to first explore whether PD worked in their classrooms before deciding about adoption. Direct applicability emerged as a dominant criterion for evaluating PD. Decision context and autonomy regarding PD programmes play important roles in ensuring applicability. Our research revealed that the dominance of the direct applicability criterion was not motivated by student benefits alone. It was also based in an attitude of efficiency among primary teachers, reflecting growing work pressures and a general prioritisation of classroom teaching above all other tasks, including PD.

Sensitivity Analysis of Geomechanical Constraints in CO2 Storage to Screen Potential Sites in Deep Saline Aquifers

In order to tackle the exponential rise in global CO2 emissions, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) proposed a carbon budget of 2,900 Gt to limit the rise in global temperature levels to 2°C above the pre-industrial level. Apart from curbing our emissions, carbon sequestration can play a significant role in meeting these ambitious goals. More than 500 Gt of CO2 will need to be stored underground by the end of this century to make a meaningful impact. Global capacity for CO2 storage far exceeds this requirement, the majority of which resides in unexplored deep aquifers. To identify potential storage sites and quantify their storage capacities, prospective aquifers or reservoirs need to be screened based on properties that affect the retention of CO2 in porous rocks. Apart from the total volume of a reservoir, the storage potential is largely constrained by an increase in pore pressure during the early years of injection and by migration of the CO2 plume in the long term. The reservoir properties affect both the pressure buildup and the plume front below the caprock. However, not many studies have quantified these effects. The current analysis computes the effect of rock properties (porosity, permeability, permeability anisotropy, pore compressibility, and formation water salinity) and injection rate on both these parameters by simulating CO2 injection at the bottom of a 2D mesh grid with hydrostatic boundary conditions. The study found that the most significant property in the sensitivity analysis was permeability. Porosity too affected the CO2 plume migration substantially, with higher porosities considerably delaying horizontal and vertical migration. Injection rate impacted both the pressure rise and plume migration consistently. Thus, in screening potential storage sites, we can infer that permeability is the dominant criterion when the pore pressure is closer to the minimum principal stress in the rocks, due to which injection rate needs to be managed with greater caution. Porosity is more significant when the lateral extents of the reservoir limit the storage potential.

Bioethical aspects in type I neurofibromatosis

Type I neurofibromatosis is one of the most common monogenic disorders, being caused by abnormalities of the neurofibromin gene on chromosome 17. About half of the cases are inherited, respecting the autosomal dominant inheritance criteria, the rest are de novo cases. The clinical manifestations are multisystemic and are progressively installed, presenting inter- and intra-familial variability of clinical expression. The hereditary nature, impaired quality of life and lethal potential identify numerous and various ethical dilemmas in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1. Variable expressiveness and multisystemic clinical manifestations determine the unpredictable evolutionary character, associating bio-ethical dilemmas necessary to be managed in the clinical context of the disease. As a clinical applicability, we conclude that some of these problems could be avoided by informing and educating affected families about the disease, by increasing confidence in specialized services and by using molecular techniques in order to know as accurately as possible the genotype-phenotype correlation.

Ranking intersecting distribution functions

SummarySecond‐degree dominance has become a widely accepted criterion for ordering distribution functions according to social welfare. However, it provides only a partial ordering, and it may fail to rank distributions that intersect. To rank intersecting distribution functions, we propose a general approach based on rank‐dependent theory. This approach avoids making arbitrary restrictions or parametric assumptions about social welfare functions and allows researchers to identify the weakest set of assumptions needed to rank distributions according to social welfare. Our approach is based on two complementary sequences of nested dominance criteria. The first (second) sequence extends second‐degree stochastic dominance by placing more emphasis on differences that occur in the lower (upper) part of the distribution. The sequences characterize two separate systems of nested subfamilies of rank‐dependent social welfare functions. This allows us to identify the least restrictive rank‐dependent social preferences that give an unambiguous ranking of a given set of distribution functions. We also provide an axiomatization of the sequences of dominance criteria and the corresponding subfamilies of social welfare functions. We show the usefulness of our approach using two empirical applications; the first assesses the welfare implications of changes in household income distributions over the business cycle, while the second performs a social welfare comparison of the actual and counterfactual outcome distributions from a policy experiment.

Posterior Probabilities for Lorenz and Stochastic Dominance of Australian Income Distributions*

Using Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) data for 2001, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2017, we compute posterior probabilities for dominance for all pairwise comparisons of income distributions in these years. The dominance criteria considered are Lorenz dominance and first‐ and second‐order stochastic dominance. The income distributions are estimated using an infinite mixture of gamma density functions, with posterior probabilities computed as the proportion of Markov chain Monte Carlo draws that satisfy the inequalities that define the dominance criteria. We find welfare improvements from 2001 to 2006 and qualified improvements from 2006 to the later three years. Evidence of an ordering between 2010, 2014 and 2017 cannot be established.

Индивидуальное злоупотребление коллективным доминированием в сфере сотовой связи: проблемы определения

Recently, discussions about the validity of the Russian practice of establishing the facts of individual abuse of collective dominance have been escalating: many experts point to a contradiction between the meaning of collective dominance, in which a small number of companies have a joint dominant position, in connection with each other, and the possibility of an individual company to abuse this position. The purpose of the article is to assess the correctness of this approach in the context of recent antitrust cases in the cellular communications market – in particular, two cases against the mobile operator “Tele2”. In the article, the applied practice is assessed in relation to the currently known results in the field of economic theory, as well as international best practices in the application of the concept of collective dominance. The findings indicate that the conclusion of the FAS Russia on the presence of the dominant position of Tele2 as part of collective dominance and the possibility of the company to exercise its market power does not correspond to either foreign practice or industrial organization theory. The source of error in the qualification of behavior is largely due to the focus of the antimonopoly authority on quantitative criteria of collective dominance to the detriment of the analysis of qualitative criteria and behavior. This case illustrates a typical tendency for such cases not to investigate the behavior of other collectively dominant market participants in relation to the behavior of the company accused of individual abuse, as well as not to investigate consumer behavior, and, in particular, their real possibilities to switch and switching actions. The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme.

An inter-temporal CAPM based on First order Stochastic Dominance

The inter-temporal Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) assumes that investors are risk-averse. However, there is a very large body of empirical and experimental evidence documenting that many investors are not globally risk-averse: Prospect Theory and aspiration-level models are two well-known examples of this literature. This paper employs Stochastic Dominance criteria to generalize the inter-temporal CAPM for all investors with increasing utility functions. Another advantage of the proposed approach is its simplicity: it does not require dynamic programming, and it allows for ambiguous investment horizons.

Regional Evaluation of Individual Income Distribution in Turkey with Stochastic Dominance Criteria

Ülkemizde gelir dağılımı analizi için kullanılan en yaygın yaklaşımlar yüzde paylar ve Lorenz Eğrisi üzerinden hesaplanan Gini katsayısıdır. Parametrik olmayan bir yaklaşım olarak stokastik baskınlık, klasik yaklaşımlardan farklı bir yorumla gelir dağılımları arasında mikro düzeyde karşılaştırma sağlamaktadır. Lorenz eğrisinin hesaplama süreci stokastik baskınlık kriteri ile direkt ilişkilidir. İkinci Dereceden Stokastik Baskınlık (SSD) kriteri günümüzde daha çok finans alanında yapılan analizlerde kullanılırken Lorenz Eğrisi gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği üzerine yapılan analizlerde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de bölgeler arası gelir dağılımının keşfedilmesi amacıyla, TÜİK’in Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması 2007-2016 yılları arası anketleri İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflamasına göre Düzey-1’e göre incelenmiştir. Bölgeler arası gelir dağılımı farklılıkları SSD kriteri ile karşılaştırılmakta ve bireysel gelirlerin birbirlerine baskınlığı incelenmektedir. Bireysel gelir dağılımlarının karşılaştırmalarından elde edilen sonuçlara göre; İstanbul ve Doğu Karadeniz diğer bölgelere en fazla sayıda baskınlık sağlayan bölgelerdir. Güney Doğu Anadolu bölgesinin hiçbir bölgeye karşı bireysel gelir dağılımları açısından baskın olmayan bir bölge olduğu söylenebilmektedir. Dolayısıyla SSD kriteri açısından değerlendirildiğinde gelir eşitsizliğinin, özellikle diğer bölgelere göre fazla sayıda baskınlık alabilen bölgeler ile baskınlık alamayan bölgeler arasında büyük boyutta olduğu söylenebilir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulguların bölgelere göre politika geliştirme sürecinde karar alıcılar açısından değerlendirilebilir nitelikte olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Environmental justice implications of siting criteria in urban green infrastructure planning

ABSTRACT Green infrastructure (GI) has become a panacea for cities working to enhance sustainability and resilience. While the rationale for GI primarily focuses on its multifunctionality (e.g. delivering multiple ecosystem services to local communities), uncertainties remain around how, for whom, and to what extent GI delivers these services. Additionally, many scholars increasingly recognize potential disservices of GI, including gentrification associated with new GI developments. Building on a novel dataset of 119 planning documents from 19 U.S. cities, we utilize insights from literature on justice in urban planning to examine the justice implications of criteria used in the siting of GI projects. We analyze the GI siting criteria described in city plans and how they explicitly or implicitly engage environmental justice. We find that justice is rarely explicitly discussed, yet the dominant technical siting criteria that focus on stormwater and economic considerations have justice implications. We conclude with recommendations for centering justice in GI spatial planning.

Evaluating education systems

ABSTRACT This paper proposes two dominance criteria for evaluating education systems described as joint distributions of the pupils’ cognitive skill achievements and family backgrounds. The first criterion is the smallest transitive ranking of education systems compatible with three elementary principles. The first principle requires the favorable recording of any improvement in the cognitive skill of a child with a given family background . The second principle demands that any child’s cognitive skill be all the more favourably appraised as the child is coming from an unfavourable background. The third principle states that when two different skills and family backgrounds are allocated between two children, it is preferable that the high skill be given to the low background child than the other way around. Our second criterion adds to the three principles the elitist requirement that a mean-preserving spread in the skills of two children with the same background be recorded favorably. We apply our criteria to the ranking of education systems of 43 countries, where we measure cognitive skills by PISA score in mathematics and famly background by the largest of the two parents’International Socio Economic Index. Our criteria conclusively compare about 19% of all the possible pairs of countries..

Kriteria Penentu Kunjungan Wisatawan pada Objek Wisata Alam di Kabupaten Balangan

This research aims to (1) Knowing the most dominant criteria that influence tourists visiting natural attractions in the Balangan Regency, (2) Knowing the choice of natural attractions most likely to be visited by tourists in the Balangan Regency. This research uses descriptive quantitative research, and the research location is in Balangan Regency. In the analysis technique using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method based on the results of the calculation, it is obtained from the 4 most dominant criteria in determining visiting tourists, namely natural beauty and the choice of natural attractions that tourists tend to visit from 3 alternative criteria is Mount Hauk.

How do makers obtain information for their makerspace projects?

AbstractMakerspaces are places for construction and creative expression using tools such as 3D printers, laser cutters, and sewing machines. In this study, we investigate how makers obtain information for their makerspace projects. The study focuses on four sources of information: people, documents, experimentation, and prior knowledge. On the basis of interviews with 13 makers, we analyze their use of these information sources in relation to different knowledge areas, creative‐process stages, and relevance criteria. Our main findings are that (a) experimentation is a prime source of information, (b) ease and pleasure are the dominant relevance criteria, (c) process and situation receive little attention, and (d) information sources vary across process stages. Specifically, experimentation is the dominant information source during the construction stage. In addition, the relevance criteria show that the makers turn to people because it is pleasurable, to documents because it is easy, and to experimentation because it results in quality products. These results emphasize the importance of experimentation and suggest that it warrants closer attention in studies of the information behavior of makers and, more broadly, creative professionals.