Domestic Waste Incineration Research Articles

PM2.5-bound polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) in urban Beijing, China: Occurrence and the source implication

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are recently raising much attention due to their toxicity and ubiquitous environmental distribution. However, little knowledge is known about their ambient occurrences and the potential source. In this study, we developed an analytical method based on GC-MS/MS to simultaneously determine 11 PHCZs in PM2.5 from urban Beijing, China. The optimized method provided low method limit of quantifications (MLOQs, 1.45–7.39 fg/m3) and satisfied recoveries (73.4%–109.5%). This method was applied to analyze the PHCZs in the outdoor PM2.5 (n = 46) and fly ash (n = 6) collected from 3 kinds of surrounding incinerator plants (steel plant, medical waste incinerator and domestic waste incinerator). The levels of ∑11PHCZs in PM2.5 ranged from 0.117 to 5.54 pg/m3 (median 1.18 pg/m3). 3-chloro-9H-carbazole (3-CCZ), 3-bromo-9H-carbazole (3-BCZ), and 3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole (36-CCZ) were the dominant compounds, accounting for 93%. 3-CCZ and 3-BCZ were significantly higher in winter due to the high PM2.5 concentration, while 36-CCZ was higher in spring, which may be related to the resuspending of surface soil. Furthermore, the levels of ∑11PHCZs in fly ash ranged from 338 to 6101 pg/g. 3-CCZ, 3-BCZ and 36-CCZ accounted for 86.0%. The congener profiles of PHCZs between fly ash and PM2.5 were highly similar, indicating that combustion process could be an important source of ambient PHCZs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research providing the occurrences of PHCZs in outdoor PM2.5.

Facing marine debris in China.

China is one of the largest waste importers and producers in the world, with land-based discharges mainly from domestic sewage and industrial wastes being the main source of marine debris (MD) including three distributional types as stranding on the beach (BMD), floating on the water surface (FMD), and submerging into sediments (SMD). Fishery-related activities are also one of the main sources of marine debris: intensive aquaculture, fishing, and related household activities. Marine debris, showing different ways of leaching, degradation and fragmentation, can be ingested, incorporated and accumulated by marine organisms through the food chain, and ultimately pose risks to the ecological environment, economic benefits and human health. Comprehensive countermeasures, from awareness to practices and from the government to the public, are now being implemented in China and have achieved remarkable results especially in domestic waste incineration, but greater commitment and stronger execution are urgently required.

Characteristics of indoor and outdoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in TSP in rural Northeast China: A case study of heating and non-heating periods.

Approximately 91% of the world's population lives in an air-polluted environment, and environmental pollution has become a widespread concern. Urban indoor and outdoor air pollution has been fully researched and effective control measures have been proposed. However, the issue of air pollution in rural areas has not been explored in depth. Compared to urban air pollution, the rural air pollution problem is more complex and urgent. Due to climatic factors and economic conditions in rural Northeast China, most households use solid fuels such as biomass straw and coal as domestic energy during the heating period, which will cause serious pollution problems of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). To investigate the pollution characteristics of PAHs in indoor and outdoor TSP in rural Northeast China during the heating and non-heating periods, a medium-sized particulate matter collector 1108A was used to collect TSP for 7days, and GC-MS was used to detect PAHs. The results showed that indoor TSP and PAHs pollution levels were the highest during the heating period. PAHs source analysis by Diagnostic Ratio (DR) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that the main sources were biomass and coal combustion, vehicle emissions, and domestic waste incineration. According to the results of carcinogenic risk model calculations, there is a potential carcinogenic risk to the population in the Northeast rural living area. This study reflects the pollution characteristics and sources of indoor and outdoor TSP and PAHs in rural Northeast China during heating and non-heating periods, and provides a reference for further prevention and control of air pollution in rural areas, which is conducive to improving the living environment and improving human health.

ASSESSMENT OF BTEX ORGANIC POLLUTION IN THE AIR ANDRISKS TO HUMAN HEALTH IN THE AREA OF DOMESTIC WASTEINCINERATORS IN HAI LY COMMUNE, HAI HAU DISTRICT, NAMDINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM

The trend for treatment of solid domestic waste by the domestic waste incinerator system is necessary to minimize the negative impacts of solid waste on the environment and human health. The survey and analysis results show that the organic waste composition ranges from 52.23% to52.8%. Benzene concentration ranges from 0.55 to 23.19 μg/m3. Toluene concentrations ranged from16.29 μg/m3 to 120.19 μg/m3. Concentration (o,m,p)-Xylene ranges from 5.81 μg/m3 to 14.73 μg/m3. Ethyl Benzene concentrations ranged from 1.32 μg/m3 to 8.63 μg/m3. According to the risk assessment results, the exhaust gas from the incinerator has caused secondary environmental pollution, affecting the health of the workers operating the solid domestic waste incinerator. Onthat basis, the article recommends applying a number of management measures to minimize the negative impacts from the operation of the solid waste incinerator to the environment and the health of the workers operating the incinerator

LoTOx 시스템 적용 폐기물 소각로의 경제성 분석 및 효율적 운전 방안

The purpose of this study was to investigate how to improve the combustion gas treatment method of domestic waste incinerator comprising SNCR and SCR by adopting the LoTOx (ozone low-temperature oxidation) system. NOx reduction performance, efficient operation plan, and economic feasibility of the LoTOx system not yet commercialized in domestic field were studied. First, by applying the LoTOx system to actual waste incineration facilities, it was possible to compare and evaluate the NOx reduction performance with conventional SCR facilities currently widely used. The NOx reduction rate was close to 90% based on combustion gas of 110℃. If the temperature of the combustion gas was lowered further, the NOx reduction rate was much closer to the theoretical expected value, and the reduction rate of 90% or more can be shown. Second, economic benefits in terms of initial investment and operating cost were analyzed for an existing combined SNCR and SCR system, by replacing SCR with the LoTOx ozone oxidation system. The initial investment cost was 73.6% compared to the SCR facility, and the longer the operating period, the greater the cumulative operating cost is reduced. The LoTOx system could be predicted to fall to 61.2% of the SCR facility in the fifth year and 55.3% in the tenth year. Third, based on the experiment and existing papers, several factors impacting the efficiency of the operation of the LoTOx system were identified. It was possible to present the most efficient operation plan such as the temperature of the processing gas, the installation method of the cooling water pipe of the ozone generator, input voltage, and gas flow rate.

Analysis of the Construction Situation and Pollution Control of Urban Domestic Waste Incineration Power Plant in Dandong City

Analysis of the Construction Situation and Pollution Control of Urban Domestic Waste Incineration Power Plant in Dandong City

From waste incineration by-products to functional materials: a “Chimie douce” route to VOCs mineral adsorbents

One of today’s major world challenges is the accumulation and the storage of tens of millions of tons per year of final materials resulting from the incineration of domestic and industrial waste. This raises the question of the recycling of these “raw materials”, while making allowance for environmental, economic, social and public health aspects. Our strategy targets the incorporation of waste incineration by-products in a totally circular economy. We propose an innovative process combining templated sol–gel growth of an inorganic or hybrid silica-based network with a solubilized fraction of bottom ash coming from the combustion of industrial and household wastes. The resulting materials engineered via aerosol processing demonstrate maximum adsorption capacity of model pollutant compounds (1-2 dichlorobenzene) competitive with activated carbons currently used in modern incineration plants. We believe that they have the potential to replace conventional activated carbon commonly used in incineration plants, enabling the first step of the long road of recycling final waste.Graphical abstract

Using bottom ash from the domestic waste incinerator to make building materials

This paper researched the use of ash from domestic waste incinerators to generate electricity and blast furnace slag for civil construction materials. Due to the presence of heavy metal elements in the ash from the domestic waste incinerator and the blast furnace slag, its use is limited. This study focused on the field of manufacturing adhesive materials based on the ash from the incinerator for power generation and blast furnace slag by activated alkaline solution and investigating the heavy metal migration into the environment. The study showed that the compressive strength of the adhesive from the ash of the electric generating incinerator - blast furnace slag (BFS) activated by alkaline solution had a compressive strength 19.98 MPa when cured at normal conditions. Ash from domestic waste incinerator (DWS) - BFS binder activated alkaline had the ability to fix heavy metals and can be used in construction works.

Supervision Standard and Operation Management of Domestic Waste Incineration Power Plant

Supervision Standard and Operation Management of Domestic Waste Incineration Power Plant

Experimental Study on Solidification of Pb2+ in Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers

Fly ash from the incineration of domestic waste contains heavy metals, which is harmful to the environment. To reduce and prevent their contamination, heavy metal ions need to be sequestered. In this study, the geopolymer prepared by fly ash, a kind of power plant waste, is used to cure the heavy metal Pb2+, and to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Pb2+ on the compressive strength of the solidified body at different ages; the curing effect is judged by the toxic leaching concentration of heavy metals; the resistance of the solidified body to immersion is evaluated by comparing the change in strength before and after leaching; the fly ash-based geopolymer solidified body is compared with the cement solidified body in terms of curing effectiveness; the properties of the geopolymer and its mechanism of curing heavy metals are explored by microscopic tests. The results show that the fly ash-based geopolymer solidified body has good resistance to immersion; the optimum curing concentration of Pb2+ in fly ash-based geopolymers is 2.0%; compared to pure geopolymers, the strength of the solidified body at 28 d decreases by only 13.0%, and the leaching concentration of Pb2+ is 4.73 mg·L−1, which meets the specification requirements; the curing effect of the fly ash-based geopolymer is better than the cement solidified body; the microscopic test results indicate that the curing of Pb2+ by the fly ash-based geopolymer is a combination of both chemical bonding and physical fixation.

A Study of State Parameters for Road Construction of MSWI Bottom Ash

The current work tries to valorize the bottom ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI). The bottom ash from waste incineration consists of atypical granular materials. They are industrial by-products resulting from the incineration of domestic waste and the way of the considered valorization is road gravel. In this paper, we present the state parameters of bottom ash taken from a recycling company in the North of France. These features can help us evaluate our bottom ash according to the technical guide of realization of embankments and subgrades.

Waste-to-Energy Framework: An intelligent energy recycling management

Nowadays, waste to energy (WTE) transformation solutions play a vital role in waste disposal. Accurate WTE resource planning can be made using high-performance waste amount prediction models. Thus, a significant gain can be obtained both in economic and environmental terms. In this paper, we proposed different machine learning models to predict the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) to be used for smart energy management systems. To point this problem, we study a new WTE Framework and use the real-world data set obtained from MSW stations on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey. The basis of our motivation for choosing Istanbul is based on the ‘Waste Incineration and Power Generation Plant,11https://www.stantec.com/tr/projects/istanbul-waste-incineration-power-generation-plant-construction.’ which was built in Eyupsultan, Istanbul in 2017 and is planned to be operational in 2021. This plant will be Europe’s largest domestic waste incinerator with a capacity of 3000 tons/day. For the proposed WTE framework, we first build an ensemble model, Gradient Boosting (GB), to predict the amount of MSW using daily data related to other variables such as seasonality and socio-economic status. Then we use the calorific index value to predict generated energy from solid waste, categorized in 14 different waste types.

Emission Inventory of Air pollutants for the Harmless Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste

In order to comprehensively assess the emission status of air pollutes from domestic waste treatment plants in mainland China, the basic statistical information of 31 provinces and cities in China was systematically collected and collated. The emission factor method was adopted to establish the 2016 list of air pollutants for the harmless treatment of domestic garbage in mainland China. The results showed that in 2016, the total amount of CH4, VOCs, NH3, TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 gaseous pollutants discharged from domestic waste landfills was 3472084.50, 185117.10, 66.45, 54.94, 25.99, and 3.92 t, respectively. The total amount of CH4, SO2, NOx, NH3, VOCs, CO, TSP, PM10,PM2.5, and BC of gaseous pollutants discharged from incineration facilities was 25389.10, 6419.30, 70923.84, 221.36, 435.33, 3025.19, 221.36, 221.36, 2.21, and 2.86 t, respectively. Through the analysis of solid waste treatment sources, partial, and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollutants, and the proportion of incineration plants in the provinces and municipalities to the number of household harmless waste treatment plants, it was determined that the total amount of gaseous pollutants discharged from domestic waste incineration sources and landfill sources had an upward trend during the period 2010-2016. In 2016, domestic landfill treatment was the most important waste treatment method in China, and mainly concentrated in areas with moderate population density and large land resources, such as central and western regions. Domestic waste incineration treatment facilities are mainly concentrated in developed cities in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.

Elastic and Deformation Characteristics of MSWI Bottom Ash for Road Construction

Bottom ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) is a typical granular material resulting from the incineration of domestic waste. It is mainly used in road engineering substituting traditional natural aggregates. As the characterization of the mechanical behavior is essential, the work presented in this paper pursues the study of the elastic and deformation characteristics of bottom ash, in particular Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. From the consolidated-drained triaxial test data, it was possible to extract fundamental material parameters about the samples, including their Young’s modulus E0.2 and E50, its Poisson’s ratio ν, and its maximum deviatoric stress peak. These parameters were then used in computer models to predict how the bottom ash will behave in a larger-scale engineering application. Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of bottom ash related to road construction’s loading condition, especially the secant modulus, was detailed.

System for Automated Infrared Image Processing Based on Neural Network Technologies

The article describes the main problems that non-destructive control experts encounter in processing and analyzing infrared (IR) images obtained using thermographic cameras: noisiness, information redundancy, excessive data volume, etc. A gradual process of automated digital processing and analysis of images on the basis of a software system is considered, which allows not only overcoming the drawbacks of the raw data described above, but also drawing a conclusion about the state of the object based on the obtained image independently. The ability to make expert decision is provided by a neural network component in a system on the basis of Kohonen network used for cluster image analysis. There are the examples of system operation applied to IR images of the lining of solid domestic waste (SDW) incinerator. The use of such systems allows reducing workload of an expert in processing large volumes of data and reducing the probability of errors due to such effect as vision "blurring".

샘플링방법에 따른 생활폐기물 소각시설의 CH4 배출계수 비교 연구

샘플링방법에 따른 생활폐기물 소각시설의 CH4 배출계수 비교 연구

Granular crystallization using CFBC ash for phosphorus removal via hydroxyapatite

Abstract To prevent eutrophication and remove phosphorus, circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) ash was utilized to elute Ca2＋ and OH − for hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystallization. CFBC ash was compared with the gypsum byproduct of a domestic waste incineration plant and pure CaO reagent. CFBC ash proved to be a suitable raw material to supply Ca2＋ and OH − for HAP crystallization. CFBC ash was reprocessed as a granular crystallization agent (GCA) to improve its applicability to non-point pollution source control. In addition, a manufacturing procedure for a GCA utilizing 4.8% blast furnace slag as a binder was developed based on durability and the ion elution rate in water. Column tests with sedimentation showed that 93% and 98% of T-P and PO4-P were removed after 12 h of settling, respectively. In on-site filtration trench tests, filtration following crystallization with a 4 h retention time achieved a 63.5% and 52.8% removal efficiency with respect to T-P and PO4-P, respectively. After operation for 13 d, an increase in porosity with pore distribution on the surface of the GCA was observed. Through their long-term on-site operation, crystallization–filtration trenches using GCA provide an effective alternative process for the management of agricultural non-point source pollution.

Current Status of Technology and Standards of domestic Solid Waste Incineration in China

This paper sorts and analyzes current technologies and standards, as well as existing problems and demands in the domestic solid waste incineration industry in China, in order to further promote the establishment of domestic solid waste incineration standard system in China, standardize key technologies, devices and processes of efficient waste incineration, and promote the manufactry and utilization of advanced equipment, thus providing solid technical support and guarantee for the enhancement of overall performance level and pollutant up-to-standard emission of domestic solid waste incineration industry in China.

Summary of Flue Gas Purification and Treatment Technology for Domestic Waste Incineration

Incineration technology is widely used in the world as a domestic waste treatment technology. The reason is that the incineration technology can reduce the weight of the treated domestic waste by 80% and the capacity by more than 90%, which is of great significance to the realization of the management goal of domestic waste treatment. However, the problem of flue gas pollution will occur when the waste incineration technology is used to treat the waste. The main harmful substances in the flue gas generated by waste incineration include: smoke, dioxin, SO2, NOx, heavy metal and other pollutants. Therefore, the flue gas can only be discharged into the atmosphere after proper technical treatment and meeting the national emission standards. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign technologies of waste incineration flue gas purification and treatment, and puts forward suggestions for the development of domestic waste incineration flue gas purification and treatment technology.

Purification System of Domestic Waste Incineration Flue Gas

Flue gas will be emitted during the waste incineration power generation process. The flue gas contains toxic and harmful ingredients. If it is not treated, it will cause serious harm to human health and the environment. Therefore, the incineration flue gas needs to be purified. In this paper, combined with the monitoring of a large-scale waste incineration power plant incinerator flue gas purification treatment project, the combined process of “in-furnace denitrification (SNCR) + semi-dry deacidification + slaked lime and activated carbon (dry process) injection + bag filter”. The purification effect of flue gas shows that the process has a good purification effect on domestic waste incineration flue gas. This study can provide reference and basis for the treatment of incineration flue gas in the industry.