Domestic Waste Disposal Research Articles

Evaluation of acute toxicity of carbosulfan and its sub-lethal effects on protein patterns of Cyprinus carpio (L.) using SDS-PAGE

Among all types of water pollutants, pesticides are of the greatest concern. Carbosulfan is one such carbamate pesticide extensively employed in rural communities, that enters the aquatic environment by the proximity of agricultural lands to water bodies or through direct application in such environments. The consequences of these sublethal pollutants/toxicants exposures can be quantified in terms of biochemical, physiological, or the fish organism's histological reactions. Proteins have a unique role in cell metabolism and proteomic analysis provides valuable information when variations that occur within the proteome of organisms are compared as a consequence of biological perturbations or external stimuli. The study's goal was to investigate the acute toxicity of carbosulfan and its influence on electrophoretic protein patterns in the tissues of Cyprinus carpio. Fingerlings of C.carpio were subjected to various carbosulfan concentrations ranging from 2.6 mg/L to 4.6 mg/L for 96 h, and acute toxicity was determined as 3.41 mg/L. The comparison of the 96 h LC50 values between fish species shows that C.carpio is more resistant to carbosulfan. SDS-PAGE was performed on muscle, liver, gill, and brain tissues after exposing fish to two sublethal concentrations (1/10th and 1/5th of the 96 h LC50) in a semi-static system for 3 weeks. The intensity of protein subunits in carbosulfan-exposed tissues decreased, and some protein subunits disappeared. Carbosulfan attacks proteins having two or more domains easily in low concentrations, and as concentration increases, it begins to attack single domain proteins as well. Variations in protein subunits band patterns due to protein deprivation, proteolysis, or maybe insufficient amino acid incorporation into the polypeptide chain. The study concludes that carbosulfan provides a larger risk to the animal and alters the entire physiology of the fish. Given the importance of fish in human nutrition, biological monitoring of water and fish meat should be done frequently to ensure the continued safety of freshwater food. To prevent these pesticides and other toxins from entering the environment, safe disposal and recycling of domestic sewage and industrial wastes should be practiced and precautions should be taken while using even low concentrations of carbosulfan, and prohibiting or restricting carbosulfan usage is preferable.

Effect of domestic solid waste disposal practices on quality of drinking water sources in some rural communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Poor waste disposal practices impinge on water quality. An assessment of the effect of domestic solid wastes disposal practices on microbial quality of drinking water sources was conducted in some rural communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. An ecological study design was adopted using quantitative methods and a multi-stage sampling technique for random selection of LGAs, communities, and households for the administration of questionnaires to 120 respondents within four communities. Microbiological analysis of water samples from various sources was also conducted. A total of 26 (43.3%) and 16 (26.7%) households in the coastal and upland areas respectively had waste disposal facilities, the remaining percentage dumped waste into rivers and nearby bushes. The majority of the coastal community dwellers defecate directly into water bodies or swamps due to a lack of faeces disposal facilities whereas all respondents in the upland areas had faeces disposal facilities though some were unimproved. The result of the microbial analysis showed that the coastal areas had a mean heterotrophic bacterial, coliform, and fungal count of 1.45(± 0.44) × 105cfu/ml, 0.90(± 0.27) × 105cfu/ml, and 1.75(± 0.50) × 105cfu/ml while the upland areas had 1.34(± 0.55) × 105cfu/ml, 0.65(± 0.36) × 105cfu/ml, and 1.88(± 0.58) × 105cfu/ml. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in microbial water quality between the coastal and upland areas besides the self-reported health problems. A moderate positive correlation was found between solid waste disposal practices and total bacterial count (r = 0.418**), and total coliform (r = 0.397**), P < 0.01. Most of the microorganisms isolated from drinking water in both settings were of public health importance. The result obtained from this study indicates very poor water quality in both settings. This implicates the poor solid waste disposal practices predominant in these communities and calls for immediate measures to secure the health of the rural community dwellers.

Pro-environmental attitudes, local environmental conditions and recycling behavior

The paper uses Italian official survey data collected in 2012 from more than 20 thousand households to shed light on the determinants of people’s pro-environmental behavior, more specifically the differentiation of domestic waste disposal. A rich interdisciplinary literature has developed to explain why people may make eco-friendly choices, which come at a personal cost and provide benefits accruing largely to other people. The paper contributes to this investigation by jointly considering non-economic (a declared general interest in environmental issues), economic (easy access to recycling bins) and contextual (the perceived condition of the local environment) determinants of recycling. The results show that a higher general interest in environmental issues is associated with an increase in recycling of 7.5 percentage points, while easy access to facilities is associated with an increase in recycling of 5.3 percentage points. More educated households are also more inclined to behave pro-environmentally: a university degree or a Ph.D. is associated with an increase in the probability of recycling of 5.2 percentage points. Finally, the paper provides evidence that locally perceiving environmental degradation is associated with a 5.8 percentage points decrease in the likelihood of recycling. This last result may be explained by bounded rationality and/or conditional social cooperation, which both may lead to an environmental poverty trap. The final message is that the evidence gathered is difficult to reconcile with the “homo oeconomicus” hypothesis still prevailing in standard economic theory and that non-economic determinants have to be properly considered in the formulation of effective environmental policies.

Path Selection for High-quality Development of Waste Disposal Industry under Waste Charging System

During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, China's entire domestic solid waste disposal system will be improved in an all-round way, and the development mode layout of waste incineration power generation projects as the main energy core projects will also produce outstanding advantages. Development mode layout of waste incineration power generation projects as the main energy core projects will also produce outstanding advantages. However, it will also put higher requirements on the front-end and back-end synergy of the industry chain of solid waste treatment service companies, However, it will also put higher requirements on the front-end and back-end synergy of the industry chain of solid waste treatment service companies, technological innovation and the ability to provide comprehensive system solutions, The waste charging system has also been constructed accordingly, and the fundamental purpose is to improve the service quality and efficiency of the waste treatment business. This article explains how to promote the high-quality development of the waste treatment industry from the following paths: In the vertical development field, the front-end needs to improve In the vertical development field, the front-end needs to improve the waste classification facility system, and promote the construction of facilities such as classification and transportation of waste; the terminal In the vertical development field, the front-end needs to improve the waste classification facility system, and promote the construction of facilities such as classification and transportation of waste; the terminal must continuously promote incineration treatment Capacity building, and promote the upgrading and updating of existing combustion equipment. In the field of horizontal development, collaborative management methods and diversified sustainable operation management models will be encouraged.

Present Situation of Rural Domestic Waste Disposal and Its Control Measures

Present Situation of Rural Domestic Waste Disposal and Its Control Measures

Impact assessment of land use on water scarcity in urban areas: case of Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka

Abstract Urbanization-led land use changes have significant effects on urban water problems as water scarcity is a common challenge for planning of cities today. Chunnakam aquifer in Jaffna, Sri Lanka has been significantly depleted and polluted in the past decade. This study assessed the impact of spatial distribution of land use on water quality and quantity using 44 dug wells. Water scarcity index (WSI), water quality index (WQI) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models were used to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of water quality, quantity and their relationship. Results revealed that 75% of the aquifer faced scarcity problems while 54% was polluted and not suitable for consumption. Moreover, water sources located around agricultural and residential land use were contaminated in line with the spatial distribution of crop types, fertilizer use and domestic waste disposal. Integration of water policy with urban development strategy and multi-stakeholder engagement for water conservation are important findings for ensuring the water security of cities in developing countries. This study can be further expanded by evaluating temporal effects of urbanization on water resources for sustainable spatial planning. Strong water policies must govern the land use change to ensure water security for arid regions in developing countries.

Awareness and willingness to participate in domestic waste disposal in Mumbai Region

Domestic waste disposal is considered to be one the causes of environmental pollution and can be associated to various health problems. Proper waste management and disposal of household waste is a major concern of many people. Research Objective: The objective of this survey was to assess the level of awareness and to identify the willingness to change towards the domestic waste disposal amongst the people. Research Design: An exploratory research was done using a semi-structured questionnaire. Using simple random sampling method, a total of 204 respondents were studied. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software. Findings: In the study 84.8% were aware of the term Domestic waste disposal Management while the rest 15.2 % were not aware at all of the term. Around 51.5% says that they have been given proper education on the domestic waste disposal. About 64.2% responded by saying that are very well aware that domestic waste requires a special treatment before disposal rest of the study population were not familiar with its’ proper disposal.

Analysis of the effects of domestic waste disposal methods on mucilage with life cycle assessment

Mucilage has been observed surface and water column of the Sea of Marmara since 2021 and the domestic and industrial based organic waste is accepted as one of the major sources for the mucilage. In this study, in order to measure the impacts of the wastes to mucilage, seven different waste disposal scenarios, which are determined according to EU directives, are applied to the waste composition of municipalities located near the Sea of Marmara. Then, the environmental impacts of these scenarios are calculated in life cycle perspective. Results show that composting has the greatest positive impact via reducing the deleterious impacts of organic wastes, which are the major source for nutritious groundwater. As to the authors knowledge, this is the first study to integrate life cycle assessment, waste management, and mucilage. The results can be used to guide municipalities around the Sea of Marmara on the prevention of mucilage.

Water quality index assessment for drinking and irrigation purpose for Wardha district

It is always said that groundwater is safe for consumption i.e. free from micro-organisms. But in many places, the groundwater is subjected to contamination due to human and industrial activities. The unsafe disposal of domestic and industrial wastes is found to be the main source for contamination of groundwater with micro-organisms, nitrates, etc. Therefore, it is inevitable to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of the Water Quality Index (WQI) before it is supplied to the end-user. Water Quality Index (WQI) is an index that converts complex data about water quality into the simplest form. This manuscript discusses the level of contamination of groundwater in the villages situated in the vicinity of Wardha River in Wardha District. Groundwater samples were collected during ninety days starting from 1st May 2021 to 30th July 2021. Analysis was carried out for the assessment of 12 parameters and their WQI. The results reveal that 40% of the 12 parameters assessed are higher values whereas, 60% of the 12 parameters assessed are reported safe values as per Indian Standards for Drinking Water. On the other hand, WQI for all the groundwater samples (barring very few) has shown bad quality.

DOMESTIC WASTE DISPOSAL PATTERN IN OKUTA ELERINLA RESIDENTIAL ESTATE AKURE

Waste management has always been a major problem to solve in urban centres due to its inevitability. However,the issue of domestic waste generation and disposal has taken the front burner owing to an increase in the sophistication of consumer goods packages, thus leaving out unwanted waste products. The study aimed at evaluating the disposal pattern within a purely residential environment with a special focus on domestic waste while still looking at the various means adopted for waste disposal and the determining factor influencing the selection of waste disposal means. The study adopted visual imaging and questionnaires as a primary source of gathering information on the study area. The study revealed that waste disposal costs play a vital role in deciding which means to be adopted, followed by accessibility to waste disposal means. Therefore, it is recommended that these two significant factors be strongly considered in the siting of any residential development to encourage proper disposal of waste for a healthy environment.

Evaluation of Utility of the Cement Solidification Process of Waste Ion Exchange Resin.

The present study aimed to evaluate the utility of the cement solidification process for stably disposing of waste ion exchange resin generated during the treatment of radioactive wastewater. The cement solidification process using the in-drum mixing system was selected to be used for the solidification process of waste ion exchange resins. The disposal safety of waste forms was evaluated according to the waste acceptance criteria (WAC) applicable to domestic waste disposal sites, and the tests were conducted for six test items provided in the WAC. A total of 15 representative samples were collected from the waste-form drums produced using the optimum operating conditions, and their structural stability for disposal considerations was evaluated. In addition, the leaching index of the samples was 11.05, 10.12, 8.39 for Co, Sr, and Cs, respectively, and it was found to exceed 6, the leaching index standard of WAC. The results confirmed that cement waste forms including waste ion exchange resins produced through this process were considered to be conforming to the requirements for disposal safety.

PREPARATION OF CONCRETE BASED ON GLASS WASTE

PREPARATION OF CONCRETE BASED ON GLASS WASTE

Water quality during the rainy seasons and drought seasons in the Garang River Basin (Semarang, Indonesia)

The Garang River is the city of Semarang’s primary source of water, particularly for drinking water and other domestic needs. This research attempts to examine the current water quality status of the Garang River Basin by using the Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI). Six water quality parameters were selected and analysed; DO, BOD, pH COD, NH3-N and TSS. Water sampling was conducted at eight stations based on the Governor Regulation of Central Java No. 156 (2010) on Water Allocation and Water Quality Management of Garang River. Water quality was sampled twice, once during the rainy season (2 January 2020) and once during the drought season (1 September 2020). The findings of the study showed that the water quality status of the Garang River Basin during the rainy season recorded a WQI value of 81 and 92 during the drought season. Both values belong to Class II, which represents clean waters. Three water quality parameters were identified to have exceeded the set standards: the DO, BOD, and NH3-N. Changes in landuse, particularly the clearance of forest areas for agriculture, plantation activities, domestic waste disposal, and wastewater directly from industrial activity and local inhabitants, have all contributed to the Garang River Basin’s deterioration of water quality. However, in the context of water classes, it is shown that the water of the Garang River is suitable to be used as a domestic water supply for local residents but requires further treatment prior to consumption.

Evaluation and Correlation Analysis of Surface Water In and Around Mangalore Coastal Belt, Karnataka, India

Urbanisation, industrialisation, population growth and various agricultural activities in and around coastal areas have led to a significant amount of pollutants into the surrounding aquatic ecosystem such as estuary, river, sea, seashore and coastal wetlands. This causes ecological degradation. Pollution is one of the major challenges to the sustainability of coastal areas. In the study area, major industries are located on the Gurupur river bank which joins the Nethravati river to form a common estuary before entering the Arabian sea. The major activities that are responsible for coastal pollution in the study area are discharge and disposal of untreated domestic and industrial wastes to estuaries, rivers, nearshore waters and harbour activities. Gurupura and Nethravthi are two west flowing rivers of the Mangaluru coastal region. They receive a large amount of pollution load from the nearby industries causing the deterioration of the water quality. In this study, 10 surface water samples which include stream water, river water and sea water, were collected during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon and analysed for various water quality parameters by adopting standard methods. The study reveals that the electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and chlorides concentration of most of the surface water samples were met above the standard limits in both seasons. From the correlation analysis, it was found that a very strong correlation was observed between chlorides and hardness (0.9691), TDS and conductivity (0.9227) during post-monsoon season of 2018 and TDS and conductivity (1.00), COD and chlorides (0.8922), DO and chlorides (0.8810) during pre-monsoon of 2019.

Research on the current situation of harmless disposal and resource utilization of domestic waste in major cities along the Yellow River in Henan Province and suggestions for countermeasures

This paper adopts the method of field research and issuing questionnaires to get the data of the total amount of domestic waste collection and transportation, incineration power generation and recyclables recovery in the major cities along the Yellow River in Henan Province. From the research results, it can be seen that the cities have a single way of resource utilization, and the utilization rate is not high, and the level of resource utilization needs to be improved. We should start from top-level design, publicity and education, infrastructure construction, etc., increase financial investment, adjust the standard of domestic waste disposal fee, introduce advanced resource utilization technology, and open up a road suitable for waste disposal and resource utilization in cities along the Yellow River.

Potensi Culex quinquefasciatus sebagai Vektor Filariasis dan Kondisi Lingkungan di Kota Pekalongan

Pekalongan City was still an endemic area of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF). Twice cycles ofMass Drug Administration (MDA) had been implemented, but the Microfi laria rate (Mf rate) wasstill more than 1%. This observational research aimed to study the potential of Culex quinquefasciatusas a vector of LF in Pekalongan City. A Cross-sectional design was chosen as an approach in compilinginformation related to environmental factors and mosquitoes. The population of this research washouses located in Jenggot and Kertoharjo village with thirty-one houses, located around fi lariasiscases, purposively selected as samples. Variables studied in this research were environmental factorsand mosquito vectors. Data collection using observation, and laboratory examination throughmosquito dissection. Data would be analyzed descriptively. This study found that there were 8 Culexquinquefasciatus tested positive L3 fi larial worm (infective rate 4.39%). There were 74.2% of houseshad mosquitoes’ breeding sites around them. The breeding sites were found at domestic waste disposal,drainage in front of the house, and infi ltration well for liquid waste. As much as 86.2% of the breedingsites contained mosquito larvae. This research concluded that Cx. quinquefasciatus was confi rmedpositive fi laria worm thus establish as mosquito vector for Lymphatic Filariasis in Pekalongan City.The breeding sites related to the mosquito development were small water bodies, drainage in front ofand around the house.

Analysis of Water Chemistry Physics for Fish Cultivation Activities in The Tributary Komering River, Banyuasin District

Residents use the Komering tributary that flows through Pangkalan Gelebak Village in Banyuasin Regency for fish farming activities. Villagers tried to cultivate catfish and tilapia, but it did not work because they died. Water as a medium for fish farming activities is an important factor that must be considered. Water quality in waters can affect aquaculture activities and fish growth. The study was conducted to determine the water quality (physics and chemistry) in the Komering River tributary as a basis for the cultivation environment. The research was conducted in the Komering tributary of Pangkalan Gelebak Village, Banyuasin Regency, in September, October, and November 2019. The sampling point is determined using a purposive sampling method in four sampling points. The temperature measurements range from 27-32.7ºC, depth 0.4-9 m, brightness 0.2-1.1 m, and turbidity 12.62-69.2 NTU. Only the depth of the four physical parameters is unsuitable for cultivation activities. During the dry season, the water depth between the riverbed and cage nets does not reach 1m. Chemical parameter measurement results; dissolved oxygen 1.7 – 7 mg/l, pH 6.5 – 7, alkalinity 34 - 46 mg/l CaCO3, nitrate 0.892 - 2.278 mg/l, nitrite 0.032 - 0.217 mg/l, ammonia 0.02-0.398 mg/ l and ortho-phosphate 0.054-0.283 mg/l. The value of nitrate, ammonia, and orthophosphate indicated high values so than unsuitable for fish farming activities. Agricultural activities around creeks and domestic waste disposal are causes of poor water quality.

Monitoring of air pollutants using plants and co-located soil-Egypt: characteristics, pollution, and toxicity impact.

The present work was conducted to evaluate the air quality in terms of inorganic pollutants and toxicity impact using two evergreen tree leaves, Eucalyptus globulus Labill (E. globulus) and Ficus microcarpa L.f., Suppl. Pl. 442 (1782) (F. microcarpa) as biomonitors. Thirty tree leaves and an equal number of co-located soil samples from different regions of Egypt (urban Greater Cairo Metropolitan (GC) and rural Menoufia Governorate (MG)) were collected. The concentrations of 34 and 40 elements were determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INNA) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in tree leaves and soils, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were implemented. The air pollution was assessed using enrichment factor, pollution load index, potential ecological risk, and risk index. In addition, human and ecotoxicity were evaluated based on the ReCiPe method. The mean concentration values of the obtained elements in tree leave in urban Greater Cairo and rural Menoufia Governorate show that the major elements are slightly higher in F. microcarpa than in E. globulus. Likewise, the mean values of elements in soil from GC and MG show no significant difference except for major elements (Fe, Al, Mg, K, Na, and Ti) in MG. The normalized concentrations of tree leave and soil show that the accumulated elements by F. macrocarpa are slightly higher than in E. globulus in GC and MG. While in terms of the investigated area, the concentrations of elements in MG are considerably higher than in GC. Pollution load index (PLI) spatial distribution over investigated areas showed that despite high population density, heavy traffic, and urban pollution, the Cairo samples exhibit significantly lower values as compared to those from Menoufia, which is most likely due to the uncontrolled industrial and domestic waste disposal outside Cairo. Potential ecological risk (PER) was significant for As in soil and for As and Cd in tree species. Human toxicity shows higher values in urban locations. Contrariwise, in the terrestrial ecotoxicity aspect, the rural locations are much higher than in urban ones.

Community Awareness on Domestic Waste Disposal Towards Its Impact to the Sustainability of Mangrove Forest in Kuala Selangor

Mangrove forest in Kuala Selangor has seen to be depleting over the years. This study believes that domestic waste disposal is considered as one of the treats to mangrove forest. Local community must play their role in protecting the mangrove forest. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of the community on the importance of mangrove, level of awareness on the impact of domestic waste disposal to mangroves and their level of practice on proper domestic waste management. Besides, this study aims to identify the correlation between community awareness with knowledge and practice. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. The finding shows that the level of knowledge of the community on the importance of sustaining mangrove forest is high (n=256, 85.3%), the level of awareness of community on the impact of domestic waste disposal is also high (Mean=4.48), while the level of community practice on proper domestic waste management is moderate (Mean=3.9). The correlation test showed that there was a negligible correlation between knowledge and awareness of community (r=0.14, <0.05, n=300) and also weak positive correlation between awareness and practice with (r=0.33, p<0.01, n=300. The finding suggests community with great knowledge does not necessarily have great awareness as well not necessarily with great awareness, community will practice good waste management to secure mangrove forests. Thus, this study recommends strictly enforcing all parties to comply/implementing control at source method, or develop appropriate management plans to reduce domestic waste disposal at mangrove areas.

Cement Dust Air Pollution and Its Effects on Human Health in Ewekoro Local Government Area Ogun State, Nigeria

Many developing nations like Nigeria, the causes of air pollution are numerous ranging from disposal of domestic and industrial wastes, bush burning, gas glaring, car exhaust, etc. all these activities affect well-being of human. Cement factory air pollution is classified as one of the sources of air pollution that increase respiratory diseases in community. This paper focuses on the dimensions of the spatial pattern, standards limit of gaseous pollutants (CO, CO 2 and SO 2 ), and health record of the community. Suspended particles were monitored using ToxiRAE II for (Carbon Monoxide and Sulphur) and ALNOR CF910 for (carbon dioxide) air sampler to assess the levels of gaseous pollutants throughout the community. Data on health was collected at the neighborhood health centers. The data was analyzed and the statistical aspect was carried on with the help of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) for the relationship between the pollutant and health record collected where the root means square (r 2 ) show the significance 0.010703, 0.845100, and 0.000733 for SO 2 , CO, and CO 2 respectively. Keywords: Air pollution; Community health ; Gaseous Pollutants; GIS DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-11-04 Publication date: November 30 th 2021