Domestic Violence Offenders Research Articles

A national evaluation of Project Cautioning And Relationship Abuse ('CARA') awareness raising workshops for first time offenders of domestic violence and abuse: protocol for a concurrent mixed-methods evaluation design.

Interventions related to the perpetration of Domestic Violence and Abuse (DVA) have gained traction over the past several years, in response to dissatisfaction by victims, an inadequate response from the criminal justice system, increased demand on police time and a lack of rehabilitative responses to the perpetration of domestic abuse. The CARA model is a conditional diversionary caution, offered by police for first time offenders of 'standard' or 'medium risk' domestic abuse, that engages perpetrators in awareness raising workshops and signposts them onto further services. Although quasi-experimental studies have indicated that CARA showed promise at reducing reoffending, the CARA model has yet to be evaluated nationally and there is no qualitative evidence related to understanding or learning about the lived experience of perpetrators and victims as they engage with the intervention. Using a concurrent pragmatic mixed methods design model we will undertake a national evaluation of CARA by triangulating quantitative data from up to nine police forces, and routine data from service providers, with qualitative data from workshop participants, victims and professional stakeholders to: (1) understand the long-term impact of CARA implementation on DVA reoffending and engagement with services and (2) explore perceptions and experiences of both delivery and receipt of CARA. We will use qualitative methodologies that draw on interpretivist and phenomenological perspectives, as well as quantitative methodologies using interrupted time series models, Poisson regression models, Geo mapping and a cost benefits analysis. Where currently the CARA model is being introduced as a national option for standard risk first-time offending, we will engage with policymakers and academics nationally in the live debate on its effectiveness and suitability during its roll-out. Ethical approval was approved by the University of Southampton on the 1 st June 2022 (Ref: ERGO ID: 71818.A1).

상담위탁 가정폭력 행위자들의 폭력 경험에 관한 질적 분석 사례연구 - K시의 상담위탁 가정폭력 행위자를 중심으로 -

This study is a qualitative analysis case study on the experiences of violence by domestic violence offenders entrusted with counseling. The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors and identify the experiences of violence of domestic violence offenders based on Bowen's family therapy theory. The subjects of this study were a total of 5 male and female participants who were perpetrators of domestic violence who were sentenced by the D court in K City to entrust counseling for the disposition of domestic protection case No. 8. The study period was from November 2022 to April 2023, with in-depth interviews of 90 minutes per session, and original data such as recording, field notes, and experience reports were analyzed. After confirming the basic information of the research participants and analyzing the original data by categorizing husband violence, wife violence, parental violence, and child violence into 4 categories based on criminal history and domestic violence incident factors, 3 categories and 73 meaning contents were derived. This study attempted to identify the factors of anxiety, self-differentiation, triangular relationships, and family projection processes through qualitative content analysis studies on experiences of violence. The research results are as follows:. First, as the anxiety of domestic violence offenders decreased and violence decreased without emotional reflex behavior, the previously undifferentiated level of self-differentiation improved. Second, there was a positive effect of detriangulating the family triangle of domestic violence perpetrators and forming an autonomous relationship.Third, the effect of stopping violence was found as the multigenerational transfer process was interrupted due to the family projection of domestic violence offenders. Based on these results, positive results emerged where emotional stability and cyclical interaction were observed while confirming immature behaviors in the family of domestic violence perpetrators. These studies suggest that there is the possibility of enhancing the positve effects in future counseling related to domestic violence offenders

Program Providers’ Perceptions of Restorative and Transformative Justice in the Context of Domestic Violence Offender Treatment in North Carolina

ABSTRACT Restorative justice (RJ) and other innovative approaches are increasingly being considered in lieu of traditional legal responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. This formative qualitative study investigated the perspectives of 29 North Carolina-based domestic violence intervention program (DVIP) providers, domestic violence service program providers, and North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence staff members regarding RJ and transformative justice (TJ) in the context of DVIP programming. Participants had mixed opinions about integrating RJ and TJ practices into current offender treatment and cited structural and organizational barriers to adoption. Simultaneously, they emphasized the cruciality of expanding inter-organizational networks and uncoupling offender treatment from the legal system. Participants cited increased inter-organizational cooperation and community involvement as critical steps in modifying offender treatment to include more restorative principles. Policies and institutional practices that endorse RJ and TJ may improve the effectiveness and transformational capability of offender treatment and increase healing for survivors.

가정폭력피해자의 개인정보보호를 위한 법제 개선에 대한 연구

According to the Inconsistency with the Constitution on the part relating to “request of the issuance of a family relation certificate and an identification certificate by lineal blood relatives among certificates prescribed in Article 15” in the main clause of Article 14 (1) of the Act on Registration of Family Relations, the Act on Registration of Family Relations was amended to limit the issuance of certificates and disclosure of information to be entered to persons designated by domestic violence victims and has been in effect since January 1, 2022. This amendment is important in that victims of domestic violence were given control of personal information under the Act on Registration of Family Relations.
 However, limitations may point out in that the 2022 revised Family Relations Registration Act is not easy to understand due to its complexity and lacks protection of the interests of those subject to disclosure restrictions, not domestic violence offenders. Furthermore, further improvement is required considering the need to protect personal information in our current society, the increased risk of leakage due to strengthening access to personal information, and changes in public perception of families. Accordingly, in the short-term improvement direction, it was proposed to add immediate notification and periodic verification procedures, and to apply the system to protect personal information of crime victims other than domestic violence. A plan to reduce the scope of claimants for issuance of certificates was proposed as a mid- to long-term improvement direction.
 Based on the improvement direction proposed, the 2022 revised Family Relations Registration Act will play a role as an effective system for actively guaranteeing personal information of domestic violence victims, suppress the misuse, abuse, and leakage of personal information and aim for the legitimate use of personal information. under the Act on Registration of Family Relations.

Experiences of trauma and alcohol and other drug use by domestic, family, and sexual violence offenders: A review of 6 months of sentencing remarks from the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory, Australia

The Northern Territory (NT) has the highest rates of domestic, family and sexual violence (DFSV) in Australia. Although we know that alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and trauma both contribute to DFSV in the NT, some specifics remain unknown. This paper aims to (a) describe the extent of AOD involvement in criminally serious DFSV, (b) describe the volume of trauma experienced by convicted criminally serious DFSV offenders, and (c) qualitatively explore the judicial recognition of the intersections between alcohol and trauma. To do this we reviewed Judicial Sentencing Remarks (JSRs) from the Supreme Court of the NT. A content analysis of all DFSV JSRs from July to Dec 2020 was undertaken ( n = 64). A structured coding instrument was developed to extract quantitative and qualitative variables through repeated reviews by multiple authors. Descriptive statistics regarding demographics, number of significant traumatic events experienced, and AOD involvement were generated. The qualitative data from which these statistics were generated was used to explore the interplay between trauma and AOD involvement. The majority of offenders had experienced at least one form of trauma. The social determinants of health underpinned a significant amount of this trauma, with housing, poverty, and unemployment frequently described. The use of alcohol as a maladaptive coping mechanism was explicitly recognised. There was frequent judicial recognition of the intersections between trauma, alcohol, and violence, however addressing trauma as an essential part of rehabilitation processes was rare. Trauma and AOD use were widespread among convicted DFSV offenders, with alcohol involved in the majority of incidents. Further research is required to understand the bio-psycho-social factors involved in the relationship between trauma, alcohol, and DFSV. Systematic piloting and trialling of interventions is necessary to determine what approaches are effective for preventing DFSV and reducing recidivism for people with intersecting experiences of trauma and AOD concerns.

Coalition: Gun violence prevention policy should not equate violence with MH

Another spate of tragic mass shootings around the country including in Uvalde, Texas; Buffalo, New York; and Tulsa, Oklahoma have sparked action by lawmakers to address gun prevention efforts and solutions to preventing further tragedies. They continue work on federal legislation, which includes background checks for gun buyers under age 21 and preventing gun sales to domestic violence offenders. Although the legislative framework includes more funding for mental health services, advocates want to make sure these efforts do not include scapegoating people with mental health disabilities.

IMPRISONMENT FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENDERS WHO HAVE MEDIATED Review of Simalungun District Court Decision No. 19/PID. SUS/2019/PN Sim

Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence provides a strong legal foundation that becomes domestic violence which was originally a domestic business into state affairs. For this reason, the thought arises of using penal mediation by seeking a win-win solution so that prison sentences must be avoided to the perpetrator so that the purpose of Article 4 letter d is achieved. Based on this can be formulated the problem in this paper is: what is the basis of the judge's consideration to impose a prison sentence on domestic violence offenders who have mediated in Decision No. 19 / PID. SUS/2019/PN Sim? The research methods used in this writing are normative juridical research methods or literature research methods. The results of the study showed that the imprisonment for 22 days to the perpetrator was very inappropriate, the opportunity to reconcile the domestic violence case in the District Court was open. Kuhap has provided an opportunity for judges to resuscitate offenders from prison. There are two provisions in the Kuhap that can be used as a legal basis for the implementation of penal mendiasi, namely Article 14A and Article 14 C, By using Article 14A, judges can prevent domestic offenders from prison sanctions by only giving a suspended sentence under one year until it does not need to be lived. And Article 14C to require perpetrators to cure violent behavior by undergoing counseling.Keywords: Prison, Offender, Domestic Violence, Mediation

Research on the intervention of protection social workers in the services to juvenile domestic violence and sexual offenders

<p>本研究旨在探究保護事件兒少行為人（含「未成年家暴相對人」及「未成年性侵害行為人」的成因，以及這些未成年兒少的服務需求與處遇服務之限制和因應。為達此研究目的，本研究採取焦點團體訪談法針對4位兒少保護性社工及督導進行質性資料的蒐集與分析。研究發現，兒少會成為保護事件行為人的原因實與家庭因素和發展議題息息相關，這類兒少的服務需求至少包括：情緒創傷修復、協助學習親子衝突因應以及理解兒少對性的好奇與需求。基於這些服務需求，保護事件兒少行為人的處遇服務應該要考量將家長或照顧者一起納入服務、善用團體工作、以兒少需求為核心、實務工作者專業知能提升及相關兒少服務資源整合等要素。本研究最後依研究結果提出幾點建議，以供相關政策規劃與實務工作之參考。</p> <p> </p><p>The research aims to explore the reasons why children become the juvenile domestic violence and sexual offender, as well as discover these children’s service needs and the limitation and responses of intervention services. For the purposes, by adopting qualitative approach, 4 child and youth protection social workers’ opinions were collected from a focus group. It is found that the reasons why juveniles become domestic violence and sexual offenders are closely related to the poor family function and adolescent development issues. These juveniles’ needs for the social services thus should include: healing emotional trauma, helping the juveniles and their parents to learn how to cope with conflicts, and understanding the juvenile s’ sex curiosity and intimate relationship needs. Based on these service needs, it is necessary to involve the parents or juveniles’ family caregivers in the service, make good use of group work, focus on the juveniles’ needs, enhance the professional ability of practical workers and integrate the relative service resources when planning the intervention services for the juvenile domestic violence and sexual offender. Based on these findings, the research puts forward several suggestions for reference of related policies and practical works. </p> <p> </p>

The Role of Food and Food Behaviors in Intimate Partner Violence

There is a paucity of research that systematically examines how food behaviors play a role in intimate partner violence (IPV). Therefore, this qualitative study aims to answer the broad question, what role do food behaviors play in intimate relationships? Food behavior narratives emerging from participants of court-mandated domestic violence (DV) offender treatment programs were analyzed using grounded theory methods. Five themes emerged. Two described inflammatory/harmful roles: (1) food as a trigger for anger and violence and (2) food as a mechanism of “othering.” One theme described the role of food behaviors in promoting unequal and equal relationships: (3) food as an embodiment of gender roles. Two themes described reconciliatory/beneficial roles: (4) food as a mechanism of recognition and (5) and food as a representation of group rapport. Food behaviors can escalate into conflicts but can also be used as a tool to resolve conflicts. Limitations and the need for future research are further discussed.

State Standards for Batterer Intervention Programs: A Content Analysis.

Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) provide treatment options for domestic violence offenders across the United States with varying degrees of standardization of programs required by law. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current State Standards for Batterer Intervention Programs (SSBIPs) in the United States. The primary research question was to discern the minimum requirements and mandates for BIPs of the 50 states. Results from the content analysis of the 44 states with SSBIPs indicated that there were some commonalities (e.g., approach to offender treatment) among the standards; however, there persisted varied minimum standards within SSBIPs for a majority of elements within BIPs (e.g., intake, screening, and assessment procedures; curriculum; training and educational requirements for BIPs providers and supervisors; and evaluation of the BIP programs). Recommendations and implications are discussed.

Particularities of Offenders Imprisoned for Domestic Violence from Social and Psychiatric Medical-Legal Perspectives.

Background and Objectives: It is known that there may be an interconditionality between social status, personality disorders, and aggressive behavior. This study aimed to analyze the social and psychiatric diagnosis characteristics in subjects imprisoned for domestic violence acts compared to other types of aggressive behaviors. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study using psychiatric medical–legal reports at the National Institute of Legal Medicine “Mina Minovici” Bucharest from 2016 to 2020. Results: We included 234 cases in our analysis, from which 132 (56%) were domestic violence offenders (DVO), and 102 (44%) were violence offenders imprisoned for other aggressions (OVO). Overall, DVOs were older than OVOs (43.0 +/− 14.7 vs. 36.1 +/− 16.6 years-old). In both study groups, most subjects were men, but the DVO group had more women than the OVO group: 23 cases (17%) and 3 cases (3%), respectively. In 14 cases (11%), previous criminal records were found from the DVO and 31 (30%) from the OVO group. Significantly fewer DVO were chronic psychoactive substance users: 83 (63%) in the DVO group versus 78 (86%) in the OVO group. Significantly more DVO had suicidal tendencies 26 (20%) compared to OVO 9 (9%). DVO subjects had significantly less often unsocialized conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder compared to the OVO group. Conclusions: We found that DVO, compared to the OVO, were more numerous, older, less abusive, with a less frequent history of psychoactive substance abuse and addictions, and were less frequently indifferent to the committed acts.

State firearm laws and nonfatal firearm injury-related inpatient hospitalizations: A nationwide panel study.

Firearm injury remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Because of prior lack of comprehensive data sources, there is a paucity of literature on nonfatal firearm injury. Associations have previously been shown between state-level firearm laws and firearm fatalities, but few studies have examined the effects of these laws on nonfatal firearm hospitalization rates. Our objective was to examine the relationship between state firearm laws and firearm injury-related hospitalization rates across all 50 states over a 17-year period. In this panel study design, we used fixed effects multivariate regression models to analyze the relationship between 12 laws and firearm state-level injury-related hospitalization rates from 2000 to 2016 using the RAND Corporation Inpatient Hospitalizations for Firearm Injury Database. We used difference-in-differences to determine the impact of law passage in a given state compared with those states without the law, controlling for state-level covariates. The main outcome measure was the change in annual firearm injury-related inpatient hospitalization rates after passage or repeal of a state-level firearm law. Examining each law individually, passage of violent misdemeanor, permitting, firearm removal from domestic violence offenders, and 10-round limit laws were associated with significant firearm injury-related hospitalization rate reductions. Examining multiple laws in the same model, passage of violent misdemeanor laws was associated with a 19.9% (confidence interval, 11.6%-27.4%) reduction, and removal of firearms from domestic violence offenders was associated with a 17.0% (confidence interval, 9.9%-23.6%) reduction in hospitalization rates. State laws related to preventing violent offenders from possessing firearms are associated with firearm injury-related hospitalization rate reductions. Given significant physical, mental, and social burdens of nonfatal firearm injury, determining the efficacy of firearm-related policy is critical to violence and injury prevention efforts. Prognostic and Epidemiologic; Level IV.

Did Juvenile Domestic Violence Offending Change During COVID-19?

The current study castssome of the first light into the initial impacts of the largest global health crisis in a generation on family and domestic violence, the long-term repercussions of which may take decades to unpack. Statewide trends in juvenile arrests for domestic violence (DV)-related offending are examined, taking into account school closures for in-person learning in March 2020 and the subsequent mandate for an in-person learning option in Florida in August 2020. Additionally, trends by sex, race/ethnicity, and severity of the offense are examined. Contrasting with growing studies demonstrating an increase in DV-related arrests among adults, we find a significant decrease upon school closures then subsequent increase when schools reopened with an in-person option. Results held across examined subgroups, yet the extent of increase following mandatory in-person learning availability was not as uniform, with Hispanic youth showing the smallest increase and Black youth the largest. Implications are discussed.

Examining the Relationship between the Lethality Assessment/Domestic Violence High-risk Team Monitoring (LAP/DVHRT) Program and Prosecution Outcomes.

Lethality assessment (LAP) and team monitoring of high-risk offenders (DVHRT) are recent U.S. policy innovations designed to identify domestic violence offenders who are at high risk for perpetrating serious or lethal violence against their intimate partners. One goal of LAP/DVHRT is to increase offenders' accountability for domestic violence within the legal system. This study examines associations between LAP/DVHRT and prosecution and sentencing outcomes using data on domestic violence offenses (n = 88) involving 37 offenders monitored by a DVHRT and 51 nonmonitored comparison offenders who were identified as high risk on the LAP. We use logistic and OLS regression to estimate models of six prosecution and sentencing outcomes for the full sample and for a sample matched using the coarsened exact matching technique (n = 73). Multivariate results indicate that when the treatment and comparison samples are matched and control variables are included in regression models, the LAP/DVHRT program is not associated with prosecution or conviction rates, number of charges, or bail amount. DVHRT monitoring is positively associated with sentence length in multivariate analysis and in models using the matched sample. Findings suggest that the LAP/DVHRT program increases offender accountability in the form of incapacitation at the sentencing stages.

Stalkers: Specialists Versus Generalists.

AbstractIt is known that many domestic violence (DV) offenders also commit violent and nonviolent offences that are not domestic in nature. Stalking frequently evolves from DV contexts. The present study used police data to explore (i) the extent to which stalking offenders in Western Australia specialize in stalking, (ii) the frequency of involvement in DV offending by stalking offenders, and (iii) the types of offences that co-occur with stalking offences. The dataset covered 404 individuals who were identified by the Western Australia Police Force as the offender for a stalking offence between January 1st, 2003 and July 30th, 2017. Only a minority of the offenders specialized in stalking, with the majority offending in other ways against the index victim and also offending against others via a broad range of offences. Although less than 10% were recorded as having carried out domestic assaults, more than half had broken restraining orders. Like DV offenders, the stalkers in this sample were largely generalist offenders. It was not clear, however, what proportion of offences against the same index victim were directly related to stalking. Stalking is a course of conduct that often involves individual acts that may be offences in themselves. What is clearer is the finding that for many stalkers, stalking forms part of a wider pattern of antisocial activity. Those stalkers who do not specialize in stalking may be less likely to benefit from intervention efforts that are focused solely on stalking.

The use of internet and domestic violence offenders behaviours in Greece

This paper seeks to investigate the correlations between the use of communication technology and intimate partner violence, in terms of manifestations of aggressive behaviours, changes in modus operandi, stalking behaviours and the use of coercive control through communication technology. The subjects of the study are courtmandated offenders (n=21) who are enrolled in a therapeutic program specifically designed for domestic violence offenders. Finally, recommendations for future research and policy and practice are offered.

Courting Justice: Tracing the Evolution and Future of Domestic Violence Courts

Specialized domestic violence courts (DVCs) have been a popular judicial option for processing domestic violence (DV) offenders since the 1990s. While DVCs vary in structure, common core components for programming have emerged across courts in the United States concerning courtroom features and processes. This article reviews the etiology and history of specialty courts for intimate partner violence, discusses the common programming components implemented by courts nationwide, and provides an assessment of the efficacy of DVCs in holding offenders accountable while simultaneously protecting victim safety. Finally, the article discusses the ongoing challenges and implications with regard to community response to DVCs.

Armed, Prohibited and Violent at Home: Implementation and Enforcement of Restrictions on Gun Possession by Domestic Violence Offenders in Four U.S. Localities

Firearms increase the risk of lethality in violent intimate relationships. Policies that restrict access to firearms by respondents to civil domestic violence protective orders (DVROs) are associated with reductions in intimate partner homicide, yet there is scant literature about how such prohibitions are implemented. We document how four localities are implementing gun possession prohibitions that result from civil and criminal restraining orders and domestic violence misdemeanor convictions; and assess the findings in the context of Kingdon’s agenda setting framework. We identified four jurisdictions where gun dispossession of prohibited domestic violence offenders was underway and collected data through in-depth interviews, site visits, and documents. We coded the data, identified explanatory themes, and compared the findings to Kingdon’s framework. The four jurisdictions have policies ranging from no state laws restricting domestic violence offenders’ access to guns to comprehensive state laws. We describe implementation initiatives to dispossess prohibited people of their guns in the four jurisdictions, two distinct implementation models through which gun dispossession occurs, and an expanded application of Kingdon’s model. In each jurisdiction, we identified one or more individuals who championed implementation. Policies that prohibit domestic violence offenders from possessing guns are promising, and possible in diverse settings and jurisdictions. Here we provide insight into implementation efforts in four jurisdictions, emphasize the role of individuals in prioritizing implementation, and highlight the potential to realize these restrictions across states with different laws. Focusing on implementation is a much-needed paradigm shift that complements the traditional focus on passing domestic violence prevention laws.

Armed, Prohibited and Violent at Home: Implementation and Enforcement of Restrictions on Gun Possession by Domestic Violence Offenders in Four U.S. Localities

Armed, Prohibited and Violent at Home: Implementation and Enforcement of Restrictions on Gun Possession by Domestic Violence Offenders in Four U.S. Localities

Combating the Rise of Domestic Violence against Women during the Pandemic: The Weaknesses of Bangladeshi Legal Regime

The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness and sufficiency of national and international laws and provisions in minimizing violence in the household or domestic violence in Bangladesh. As COVID-19 has affected the whole country financially, socially and in individual level, intra-family conflicts like domestic violence have increased at an alarming rate. Presence of various laws, provisions, including both national and international such as the Penal Code, 1860, the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2010, the Prevention of Cruelty against Women and Children Act, 2000, International Human Rights instruments and some national-international organizations indicate towards the punishment and prevention of the offenders of domestic violence. To find out whether those provisions and mechanisms are sufficient to minimize domestic violence, the authors have studied and analyzed all the facts and circumstances regarding those mechanisms. They selected qualitative method and secondary data analysis as their design to conduct the research. In the consequences of this study, the authors have found that despite being many Acts and mechanisms to deter the offenders from committing violence in the family, the number of incidents has not gone down whereas increased. In the understanding of the sufficiency of mechanisms to minimize the rate of domestic violence, national and international mechanisms are needed to be collaborated and required some new techniques for preventing domestic violence.