Domestic Road Research Articles

터널 방재설비의 합리적 설치를 위한 분석적 연구

ABSTRACT: Domestic road and railroad construction have been increasingly growing and for reasons of mitigating traffic congestion, urban plan and refurbishment project, deeper and longer tunnels have been built. The event of fire is the most fatal accident in a tunnel, and it can be very disastrous with a high possibility. In this study, QRA (Quantitative Risk Analys is) which is one of quantitative risk analysis approaches was applied to tunnel fire safety design and the evaluation of QRA cases and the cost comparison of QRA methods were carried out. In addition analysis of risk reduction effect of tunnel fire safety system was conducted using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and the priority of major factors that could mitigate the risk in tunnel fire was presented. As a result, significant cost reduction effect could be obtained by incorporating QRA and it is expected to design fire safety system rationally. The priority of fire safety system based on risk mitigation effect by fire safety system considering the cost is in order of water pipe, emergency lighting, evacuation passage and smoke control system.

겨울철 도시부 노면결빙사고 발생에 미치는 요소에 관한 연구

PURPOSES: According to accident statistics for road built in 2004, the ratio of accidents on frozen roads to normal roads is 0.9%, whereas the fatality ratio is 2.7%. The risk of accidents on frozen roads is very high. Measures taken every year to prevent traffic accidents of frozen roads in the winter season are still insufficient. Additionally, measures have been established mainly on rural roads. Therefore, for urban roads, analyses and measures to prevent accidents are lacking. In this study, data on accidents on frozen roads was used to search for the causes behind these accidents and measures to reduce accidents have been recommended. METHODS: In this study, collected data from the TAMS (Traffic Accident Management System), which were collected by the Seoul National Police Agency was used. The data were divided into vehicle, people, and condition of road. The analytical model used here was the Logistic Regression Model, which is frequently used for traffic safety and accident analysis. This study uses the odds ratio analysis to search for variables related to frozen road traffic accidents in each category. A total of 18 out of 47 variables were found to be the causes of accidents. RESULTS: From the results of the comparative analysis of 18 variables, the category of the condition of the road was found to be the most critical. Contrary to expectations, more accidents occurred in clear weather than in other conditions. Accidents on bridges occurred frequently, and its odds ratio was the highest compared with other road types. When BPT is operated, the probability of accidents on frozen roads is lower than in general conditions, and accidents occurred frequently on roads with less than four lanes. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the results of this study, suggestions for reducing the risk of future domestic road accidents in freezing conditions are indicated as follows. First, it is necessary to perform a technical review of the urban road traffic accidents caused by frozen roads. Second, it is necessary to establish criteria for the study of the road environment based on the major causes of road accidents on frozen roads. Third, improvements in urban road environmental factors should be made.

열가소성 차선도장에서 반사유리알의 함침특성

Thermoplastic road markings are one of the most widely used road markings in the world. However, the durability of domestic road markings is relatively shorter than that of the global average of, approximately, three years. To overcome it, the conven- tional thermoplastic road markings were prepared by adding polyolefin and oxidized PE wax to conventional petroleum resin. In addition, the melting viscosity was designed below 500 cP at 220 ℃ as well as the optimum viscosity for spray painting, and embedding ratio of glass beads were controlled about 50∼60% by spraying in an interval of 1 second. Also the glass bead adhesive ratio was improved by reducing the amount of CaCO3 below 40 wt%. The retroreflectivity was tested under four different conditions to evaluate the abrasion resistance of thermoplastic road markings. The retroreflectivity coefficient sat- isfied the international standard (150 mcd⋅m -2 ⋅lux -1 ) in this study, and TPRM-7 was determined as an optimal ratio.

Research on the Platform Construction of Road Freight Market in China

Against the backdrop of the boom in logistics industry, road freight is undertaking an increasingly important responsibility as the leading mode of cargo transportation. However, the road freight resources in our country cannot adequately meet the needs at present, due to the poor status quo of large overall scale and small individual size, the dispersion and disunity of freight, and low effective utilization. It has become a hot topic about how to better promote the wholesome and efficient advance of our domestic road freight market, for which our government, scholars or enterprises have made tremendous studies and attempts. Nevertheless, with regard to the deficiencies in the related studies, how to better use the platform in the service of its resource integration turns out to be the key of the problem. This paper by taking account the disperse condition of the road freight market resources, emphasizes the analysis of the operation mode and means of integration of the road freight platform by citing living examples as arguments for exploration and improvement, to make an systematic research; the road freight resources being the objects, platform the means, and integration the target. On account of the platform to conduct the integration, it is expected to achieve better market condition and higher efficiency, thus laying a theoretical foundation for its practical operations.

한국형 녹색도로인증시스템 평가요소 개발 - 고속도로 및 국도 건설단계 중심 -

최근 국가정책 아젠다인 '저탄소 녹색성장'은 국가의 중요한 비젼으로 전정부차원의 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 정부는 2020년까지 세계 7대, 2050년까지 세계 5대 녹색강국으로 진입을 목표로 하고 있다. 이러한 목표를 실현시키기 위해 효율적 온실가스 감축 및 녹색국토, 교통의 조성이 중요한 시책으로 추진되고 있다. 건설산업 부문도 예외가 아니어서 에너지 및 온실가스 배출저감을 위한 정책 및 기술개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 해외 선진국의 경우 가장 광범위한 대상인 도로시설물에 대한 녹색도 측정을 위한 연구가 수행되었으며 그것을 기반으로 녹색도로인증제가 적용되고 있다. 본 논문은 선진국 제도 및 사례를 벤치마킹하고 국내 도로부문에 있어 적용성을 검증하여 녹색도로인증제도의 성공적인 국내 도입에 일조 하고자 한다. Recent national policy agenda of 'Low-Carbon Green Growth' has been implemented as the important vision of the country. The government has set a target of entering the seven major world powers of Green Nation at 2020, and five major world powers at 2050. In order to achieve the goal, the reduction of greenhouse gases and the composition of green land and transportation has been promoted as an important policy. In a construction industry sector, policies and technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy have been actively developed. In the case of developed countries, research for green road infrastructure has been conducted, which is the basis for certification system of green highway. This paper benchmarks the policies and cases of developed countries, verifies the applicability in the domestic road sector, and suggests the introduction of the certification system of green highway.

Safety outcomes of internationalization of domestic road haulage: a review of the literature

The European Union (EU) promotes gradual lifting of restrictions on foreign hauliers involved in domestic road transport of goods (cabotage), and a major deregulation was scheduled in 2014. Due to complaints from several member states facing competition from new EU-countries with lower labour costs, this process was postponed until 2015. An important aspect related to such a deregulatory reform includes potential consequences for transport safety and accident risk factors. The main aims of the current paper are therefore to examine the potential transport safety outcomes of increasing internationalization of domestic road haulage, and to examine potential accident risk factors of foreign hauliers. This is done by reviewing the research literature. This paper shows that the heavy goods vehicle (HGV) accident risk varies with a factor of up to 10 in European countries, and that the accident risk of foreign HGVs is approximately two times higher than that of domestic HGVs in the studied European countries. The paper points to several risk factors and concludes that better data on accident risk and risk factors must be gathered in order to enable European authorities to correctly analyse and respond to this important traffic safety challenge.

The Analysis of the Thickness of the Layers Influence on Graded Broken Stone Stress State

Graded broken stone has good road performance and it gradually began to adopt in strengthening the domestic old road or the new road design, because it is the repose of aggregate materials ,can effectively prevent the occurrence of reflection cracking and has good bearing capacity. Graded broken stone material has obvious stress dependent characteristics and the stress strain curve is nonlinear variation. Stress state and its place in the structure of pavement layer, layer thickness and modulus of the structure are directly related. Therefore, the paper has analyzed the thickness of each layer in the design of reinforcement structure impacting on the grading macadam stress state.

Research on High Permeability Layer-Penetration Oil Production

Domestic and foreign road construction for many years of practical experience shows that pavement early damage and between the base and the surface layer of oil related to the quality of construction, the quality of life of the future road surface layer has a major influence[1]. In order for the preparation of high-permeable dialysis oils heavy investment in production, combined with permeable layer of oil in the production of enterprises, taking into account the conditions and existing equipment of enterprises, the paper layer on oil production, put forward the requirements for equipment, processing parameters, control indicators.

Reach on Value of Crash Reduction Factor (CRF) in Safeguard Technology of Mountainous Rural Highway

Crash Reduction Factor (CRF) is an important indicator for Economy Analysis of Safeguard Technology. This paper introduces the concept of CRF, and pointed out the limitations of its application. Meanwhile, it is necessary to adopt a variety of safeguard measures for multiple accident potential on a secton of highway in domestic mountainous rural road. Therefore, this paper presents the concept of general CRF. Then, multiple-event probability formula is proposed to calculate the generalized CRF for the feature of CRF. Finally. At last, discussed the work we needed to do if CRF was to be introduced into China.

Could being in the European Union save lives? An econometric analysis of the Common Road Safety Policy for the EU-27

Traffic safety has become a major component of European transport policies. But the road to a real Common European Road Safety Policy has been a long one. The notion of Europeanization might help to describe the European Union (EU)'s impact on national policies, although the process differs from other transport sectors. The objective of this article is to explain the effect of the EU road safety policy on domestic road mortality rates in the EU-27. Using data on European countries for the 2000–2009 period we analyse how EU traffic safety policies, institutions and networks facilitate and encourage the learning process in the individual countries. This timeframe coincides with the 2001 White Paper and the third European Road Safety Action Programme (ERSAP), both of which are crucial for constructing the Common Road Safety Policy.

자동긴급제동장치의 안전성 평가방법

Recently, there have been efforts in many countries to reduce social expenses and casualties resulting due to car accidents. As such, ASS (active safety systems) are being researched and developed to prevent accidents and target mitigation. Among many useful active safety systems, it has been reported that commercial AEBS (Advanced Emergency Braking System) effectively prevents accidents and reduces casualties simultaneously. Accordingly, it is necessary to set Korean AEBS standards, and this research analyzes international AEBS standards for this necessity. In addition to the evaluation methodology of AEBS ECE Regulation, this study suggests traffic scenarios that occur frequently in domestic road environments, and provides an evaluation system for AEBS of the scenarios. Finally, the performance and safety of AEBS are evaluated through field test.

Automobile organizations driving tourism in pre-independence Africa

Automobile clubs established in the first decade of the twentieth century in colonial Africa encouraged motor touring by printing road reports, maps and travel narratives. These cultivated public imagination about places accessible by car, and were also practical navigational guides. The detail supplemented larger-scale touring guides produced by European shipping companies, and independently published destination guides. Clubs' motor touring aids included information about sights and the availability of accommodation, fuel and repairs, increasingly in neighbouring countries and beyond. Motorcar ownership and club membership were a largely ‘European’ (White) privilege which kept drive tourism racially exclusive and socio-economically middle class. After the Second World War, organized motor touring between different African countries became a collaborative project steered by an African branch of the Alliance Internationale de Tourisme. The decline of cross-border automobile touring coincided with geopolitical changes in Africa in the 1960s, the rise of air travel, and automobile club preoccupation with domestic motoring and road improvement.

도로면 크랙실링 자동화 장비의 모체 제작 및 구동 실험

도로면 크랙실링 공법은 도로면에 발생된 크랙을 초기에 효과적으로 보수할 수 있으므로 도로면 유지보수 공법의 하나로 폭넓게 활용되고 있다. 그러나 재래식 크랙실링 공법은 도로상에서 작업이 수행되므로 매우 위험하고, 노동 집약적이며, 노무자의 숙련도에 의해 작업 품질 및 생산성에 큰 영향을 받는 문제점이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 국내외에서는 재래식 크랙실링 공법을 자동화하기 위해 다양한 형태의 자동화 장비를 개발해 오고 있으나 실용화 실적은 매우 제한적인 것으로 조사되었다. 이는 기존에 개발된 크랙실링 자동화 장비의 작업 대상 크랙이 한정적이며, 실작업 영역이 좁아 작업 생산성이 낮고, 말단장치의 성능이 현장 요구수준을 만족시키지 못했기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 재래식 크랙실링 공법 및 기존에 연구 개발된 도로면 크랙실링 자동화 장비 개발 현황 분석을 통해 국내 건설 환경에 적합한 도로면 크랙실링 자동화 장비 개발을 위한 고려사항을 도출하고, 도로면 크랙실링 자동화 장비 구성 요소 중 크랙실링 작업 공간 이동을 위한 핵심 하드웨어 기술인 본체 프레임(머니퓰레이터)과 공기 분사, 실런트 분사 및 압지 작업을 수행할 수 있는 말단장치에 대해 상세설계 및 하드웨어 제작을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제안된 도로면 크랙실링 자동화 장비 본체 프레임과 말단장치는 기존 시스템이 가지고 있는 문제점을 해결할 수 있고, 국내 도로 상황과 규정에 부합되도록 설계 및 제작되어 크랙실링 자동화 장비의 실용화 가능성과 범용성을 제고할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Crack sealing has been widely used in the pavement maintenance due to its advantage of repairing the cracks at the preliminary stages. However, it has been analyzed that the crack sealing work process is dangerous and labor intensive. Moreover, quality and productivity of crack sealing work are highly depended on labor experience and skills. Therefore, various crack sealing machines have been researched but revealed many limitations in practical application. This research analyses conventional crack sealing work process and previously developed crack sealing machines in order to develop an automated pavement crack sealing machine which can be practically and widely applied in the construction fields. This paper develops the previously proposed conceptual design by drawing detailed designs and fabricating the hardware(manipulator and end-effector) of the automated pavement crack sealing machine. The crack sealing machine suggested in this paper overcomes limitations of existing crack sealing machines and designed to meet the domestic road conditions and regulations. It is expected that automating the conventional crack sealing method contributes to the improvement of quality, economy and reduce accidents.

우측핸들차량 운전자의 잠재적 위험성 분석연구

현재 우리나라는 도로교통법에서 도로의 우측통행을 법률로 규정하고, 이에 적합한 운전석의 위치는 좌측 체계를 관례적으로 유지하고 있다. 그러나 최근 우측 핸들차량이 외국(특히 일본)에서 다양한 절차를 통해 수입되어 2004년 7월 자료에 의하면 이사화물 차량 1,343대와 외교관 차량 593대 등 2,000대 이상이 운행되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 수입된 우측 핸들 차량은 국내의 우측 방향 운행체계에 적합하지 않아 잠재적으로 사고의 위험성을 내포하고 있다. 실험을 통하여 우측 핸들차량에 익숙하지 않은 운전자들은 방향지시등의 조작시간이 길어지고 에러횟수가 많아진다는 것을 볼 수 있었는데, 이는 교통사고에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인이다. 또한 추월시 발생하는 시거확보의 문제에 대한 실험의 결과, 운전석으로부터 10m 뒤에 위치한 종이컵을 보는 실험결과 좌측 핸들 차량의 시야 범위는 2.95m, 우측 핸들 차량의 시야 범위는 1.7m로 분석되었다. 우측 핸들차량에 대한 안전교육을 실시하고 기준에 준하는 운전자에게 운행할 수 있는 자격을 부여하며, 법 규정에 이와 관련된 기준 마련 등을 통하여 우측 핸들차량에 대한 안전대책을 수립할 수 있는 방안 모색이 필요하다. The current traffic regulations in Korea stipulate that traffic should keep to the right according to the Road Traffic Act; thus, customarily, the 'seat-on-the-left' system has been maintained. However, an increased number of 'seat-on-the-right' vehicles are being imported via a variety of routes from foreign countries, especially from Japan. According to the data from July 2004, 1,343 cargo vehicles and 593 passenger vehicles (for diplomats, etc.) were currently being driven on domestic road. As these 'seat-on-the-right' vehicles are not compatible with the domestic transportation system of driving on the right side of the road, there is a high risk of accidents. Experiments show that such system-driver mismatch causes longer operation time for directional signals, higher error frequency in yielding due to additional mental adjustments for 'seat-on-the-right' vehicle drivers. These are, therefore, influential factors which can lead to possible accidents. Furthermore, when the experiments test the visual range during overtaking maneuvers, the visual range of the drivers in the 'seat-on-the-left' vehicle was 2.95 meters as opposed to 1.7 meters for the drivers in the 'seat-on-the-right' vehicle. (In the experiment, the drivers were instructed to look at the paper cup 10 meters away from the back of drivers' seat.) The results demonstrate that it is necessary to have additional safety measures be implemented for the 'seat-on-the-right' vehicles.

Farm costs and food miles: An assessment of the full cost of the UK weekly food basket

Changes in both farm production and food transport have resulted in the imposition of new levels of environmental costs. This study analyses the full costs of foods in the average weekly UK food basket by calculating the costs arising at different stages from farms to consumers’ plates. Of the 12 commodities assessed, livestock produce contributes the most costs per kg. The external cost of UK agriculture up to the farm gate is estimated to be £1.51 bn yr −1; it is calculated that a switch to organic production could lead to avoided costs of £1.13 bn yr −1. Agricultural and food produce accounts for 28% of goods transported on UK roads, currently imposing estimated external costs of £2.35 bn yr −1. The contribution made by sea and air transport is currently trivial owing to low volumes. However, road transport to carry food from the shop to home is estimated to impose a further £1.28 bn yr −1 to total external costs. Subsidies not targeted at environmental improvements cost consumers £2.88 bn yr −1. Thus the real cost of the per capita UK food basket (£24.79) is calculated to be £2.91 more per person wk −1 (11.8%) if externalities and subsidies are included, with farm externalities (81 p), domestic road transport (76 p), government subsidies (93 p) and shopping transport (41 p) contributing the most. We assess a variety of scenarios for adoption of organic farming, localised food systems and sustainable transport to indicate the substantial potential to reduce environmental costs in the UK food system.

Logistics Performance in Europe: The Challenge of 1992

The market for logistics services in Europe is undergoing unprecedented change. Not only is it being affected by world‐ scale developments, such as the globalization of manufacturing industry and the genesis of internationalisation in retailing, but there are major impacts within Europe itself. Numbered amongst these are; the effects of 1992 and the Single European Market on logistics users (e.g. manufacturers and retailers); deregulation of international road haulage within the European Community (EC) deregulation of domestic road haulage within many EC countries: increased specialisation of service for road freight companies; and the adoption of logistics concepts to give a unified view of the flow of goods from input sources to the delivery of final products to customers. To speak of a coming revolution in European logistics would not be overstating the case.