Domestic River Research Articles

Update of Empirical Models for Predicting Specific Degradation in South Korea and Future Sediment Management Considering Climate Change

In this study, the existing empirical models for sediment management for ungauged watersheds in South Korea developed in 2019 were updated. The existing models were developed based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation structure with domestic river sediment data obtained from 2005 to 2014 and watershed characteristic values. To update the models, the specific degradation (SD) value was calculated first in the same way as the existing method by adding sediment measurement and daily discharge data obtained from 2015 to 2020. The calculated SD values with recent data decreased compared with the past and differed from the results predicted using the existing models and the watershed characteristics investigated in this study. For this reason, the existing models were updated using the latest watershed characteristics and SD values. The root-mean-square error values of the existing models, which ranged from 131 to 90 tons/km2·year, decreased to 102 to 62 tons/km2·year in the updated models with the same structures. Multicollinearity was tested to evaluate the reliability of the updated models, and a new 95% prediction interval for usability was estimated. In addition, quantitative changes in the future sediment load of domestic rivers were analyzed using the future rainfall data obtained from climatic change scenarios and the watershed area. The results of this study reconfirmed that periodic updates are required for the existing empirical models. It is expected that the empirical models will be used in various ways, such as for the prediction of future sediment loads for river sediment management.

Physico-chemical properties and transboundary transport of PM2.5 in Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province, Southeastern Vietnam.

Air pollution is one of the most concerning environmental issues, wherein PM2.5 concentration plays an important role. This study monitored and evaluated the PM2.5 concentration trends in Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam. Twenty 24-h PM2.5 samples were continuously collected during the rainy (15 Oct. to 25 Oct. 2021) and dry (19 Mar. to 29 Mar. 2022) seasons. The PM2.5 samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to determine the surface pattern and size distributions were analyzed using ImageJ software. The water-soluble fractions of 15 trace metal(oid)s concentrations (Al, Cu, Ni, K, Ca, Co, Mn, Cr, As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Na, Fe, and Mg) bound to PM2.5 were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the 24-h fine fraction PM2.5 concentrations were 24.1 ± 12.2μg/m3 and 63.0 ± 18.7μg/m3 in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The results indicate that the size distributions of the particles of 2.0-2.5μm are minor, and the majority are ultrafine particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0μm. Overall, the mass concentration level of the water-soluble fraction of trace metal(oid)s in PM2.5 in the rainy season was higher than that in the dry season. Among these, Ca, K, and Na were the most abundant earth crustal elements in PM2.5 in the rainy and dry seasons, accounting for 85% and 41.2% of the total trace element concentrations, respectively. The major sources of PM2.5 are local and regional sources of thermal power plants, industrial parks, and waterborne transportation (domestic rivers and marine). The activities undertaken to remove Agent Orange (e.g., soil excavation, transportation, and rotary kiln incinerators) at the Bien Hoa airbase area also cause increases in the PM2.5 level in the atmosphere of Bien Hoa City.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГІСТИЧНОГО РІЧКОВОГО КЛАСТЕРУ ЯК ШЛЯХ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ВНУТРІШНЬОЇ ВОДНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ

The main subject of the study is theoretical justification of the impact of the for-mation of a transport and logistics river cluster on the internal water industry of Ukraine. Becauseof a lot of problems on the inland waterways of Ukraine (insufficient funding, shallowing of rivers, unsatisfactory state of hydrotechnical structures and capital assets, imperfect legislation in the industry, overpriced prices, etc.), it is impossible to include domestic river transport into the sys-tem of multimodal transportation, as well as make it the main economy and trade of Ukraine. Therefore, it is necessary to search for innovative directions for the development of river trans-port. That is why the purpose of the article is the development of theoretical and practical aspects of the development of the river sector of Ukraine based on the formation and effective functioning of cluster structures. Many materials and experiences of foreign clusters were studied to show all aspects of working in clusters cooperation. The main advantages and features of the transport and logistics river cluster were considered in the article. There are also identified the main tasks of river clus-ter. Four types of projects, which can improve the position of the industry and the cluster, were presented, such as infrastructure project, innovative project, educational project and the project «Green logistic». A structural model of the formation of a transport and logistics river cluster, which includes enterprises of various specializations (logistic, educational, financial companies, etc.), was proposed.The formation of transport and logistics river clusters is an urgent problem and requires a deeper study. In the future, it is necessary to consider in more detail the methodological founda-tions of the formation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the creation of transport and logistics river clusters.In the article we used different methods: analysis, synthesis, systematic approach, analytical, visualization. Research from this article will be useful for river industry enterprises, river ports and logistics companies, entrepreneurs and authorities who want to improve the situa-tion of the river industry in Ukraine and their own business. Keywords: transport and logistics cluster, river logistics, cluster participants and model, economic results, cluster cooperation projects.

Lake Managment in the Piebalga Region: Climate, Nature and Culture from the 1890s to Now

There are many regions in Latvia with a long history and beautiful landscapes. However, of all the regions, the most beautiful landscapes and the richest culture are in the Piebalga region. Piebalga is located in the Vidzeme highlands, where the longest domestic river in Latvia, the Gauja, has its source. There are several counties in the Piebalga region, the most famous of which is Vecpiebalga, where two of the first Latvian writers were born, the Kaudzītes brothers, who are well-known for their novel The Surveyors’ Time, one of the first books written by Latvians. In this study, the culture, religion and environmental management practices of Piebalga during the 19th century were studied using an extensive analysis of historical literature about the region, and compared to Piebalga in the present, which was studied using case study research. During the research it was discovered that the main influences on Piebalga culture and environmental management practices have been the Hernhutian congregations who influences had shaped the local culture and continues to do so even after being effectively disbanded. It was also discovered that the municipalities in the region are less effective at monitoring lakes than they were during the 19th century due to lacking resources.

PAHs Pollution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Typical Lake and Reservoir Sediments in Jin-Ji-Liao Area

In this research, 29 surface sediments samples of three typical lake reservoirs (in Yuqiao Reservoir, Hengshui Lake, and Dahuofang Reservoir) in the Jin-Ji-Liao area were collected and investigated, and the contents of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected using GC-MS. The results show that the Sigma PAHs (ng·g-1) in the sediments were 337.3-1604.1 (mean value 820.0), 461.1-1497.5 (mean value 932.3), and 102.3-2240.5 (mean value 564.9), respectively. Compared with other domestic rivers and lakes, the pollution levels of the PAHs in the three typical lakes were all at a medium level. The three lakes and reservoirs had consistency in the ratio of the number of rings, which is primarily high. PAHs source analyses were carried out by the characteristic ratio and primary component analysis method, and the results show that three lakes reservoirs pollution were caused mostly by combustion sources (including petroleum, coal, and biomass combustion), with a few petroleum sources. Additionally, the pollution contribution ratio of incomplete combustion of gasoline and diesel oil was 51.4%, and the pollution contribution ratio of combustion of coal and firewood were 22.3%. The risk evaluation results indicate that PAHs in the surface sediments of Yuqiao Reservoir, Hengshui Lake, and Dahuofang Reservoir are generally at a medium and low level, but the monitoring of three types of substances, Flu, InP, and DahA, should be strengthened, and corresponding emergency measures should be taken.

Features of dynamics of the Southern Buh river aquatic environment parameters during the summer low-water period

Formulation of the problem. Global climate change causes transformation in the humidification regime and, as a result, makes adjustments to economic activities and features of water use. In the context of Ukraine, against the background of climate change, the runoff of most domestic rivers is declining, which especially in the limited period exacerbates the issue of balanced use of ecosystem services of aquatic ecosystems and prioritization of needs during resource allocation, control of rivers and establishment of their functioning. The purpose of the article. Recognizing the strategic importance of freshwater ecosystems in ensuring sustainable regional and national development, the study of the Southern Bug River was aimed at assessing its ecological status in order to identify sources of negative anthropogenic impact and identify general ecosystem distortions that may affect the functional integrity of the aquatic ecosystem. Methods. The research points on the Southern Bug River were determined by the method of randomization. The total length of the route was about 200 km. Also, the spatial location of settlements was taken into account, so that the investigated points were both upstream and downstream. Measurement of physicochemical parameters was performed by instruments: TDS-3, TDS/ЕС/Temp-meter HM COM-100, pH-meter Ezodo 6011A. The task of hydrobiological research was to find and identify species at the family level. The research was conducted at the end of July 2020, when the river entered to low flow phase. Results. On the basis of field research, the assessment of the ecological state of the Southern Bug River in the lower course (from the city of Pivdennoukrainsk) was carried out in the work. Regularities of pH dynamics and mineralization of the aquatic environment are established. The limits of the spatial influence of the Black Sea waters on the Southern Bug, the continental advance of which (upstream) almost 100 km up is due to the high level of regulation of basin runoff, have been specified. The same processes, as a consequence, affect not only biodiversity, but also the features of industrial and domestic water use. Using the stenobiontic approach, the level of ecological safety of the Southern Bug ecosystem in the lower course was assessed. Based on the obtained results of stenobioindication, the zoning of the studied area of the Southern Bug is proposed, which compares quite well with the results of pH and mineralization measurements. Only 1% of the route, which corresponds to the porous section of the river channel, was classified as a "healthy ecosystem". The closer to the mouth, the pH of the water gradually increases, which contributes to the intensification of the eutrophication process. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The obtained results are considered to be an integral part of future field research on the identification of sources of negative impact on the aquatic ecosystem of the Southern Bug. The novelty of the results obtained is a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of the river ecosystem in the low flow period, which, in contrast to the concept of maximum permissible concentration, characterizes the state of the Southern Bug not point, but takes into account the cumulative and synergistic effects of anthropogenic impact. The latter are best manifested during the summer season, as a result of which the structure and biomass of the river's food chain change significantly. In addition, the analysis of the rational use of water resources of rivers allowed us to state that the modern system of environmental standards, which in particular regulate the quality of the aquatic environment, cannot ensure the preservation of river ecosystems.

Electro-oxycoagulation Efficiency for the Treatment of Domestic Effluents

Although environment protection efforts worldwide, the chemistry and biological contamination of waters represents an important challenge to be overcome, especially regarding its contamination by domestic wastewater effluents. In this context, this research presented an analysis by using an innovative wastewater treatment system for domestic effluents based on the electro-oxycoagulation approach implanted in wastewater treatment station located at Palma Sola, Santa Catarina, Brazil. We evaluated samples from domestic effluent (before and after treatment), fountain water, and river water collected from the municipality water system, as well as investigated the residual compound yielded by wastewater treatment. In these samples, we performed physicochemical analysis, investigation of viable helminth eggs, and toxicity and microbiological measurements before and after the treatment. Further, the levels of contaminant metals by X-ray fluorescence-based technique were analyzed. Results show an improvement in the quality of treated water, as demonstrated by microbiological, physicochemical, toxicity, and metal analysis of effluent after treatment. After treatment, river water and fountain water levels of metals in accordance with the maximum limits allowed by Brazilian regulatory agencies. Analysis of residual compound indicated that the workers that handle the residue were not contaminated with the identified metals. Thus, the electro-oxycoagulation-based method demonstrated high efficiency for the treatment of domestic effluents and further prevents contamination of the rivers by the released effluent without treatment.

Zoning the Rate of Pollution in Domestic River Using Spatial Multi - Criteria Evaluation Model

Abstract Surface water, especially rivers, is the most important sources of water supplies for drinking, agricultural and industry use and livelihoods. Controlling the pollution of BalikhlouChai River as one of the most important sources of water supply in Ardabil province in Iran is very significance and vital. In this research, the pollution zoning by using the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) model in BalikhlouChai River was carried out to evaluate the trend of changes in water index and other important parameters by considering the physicochemical, biological, socio-economic and cultural constraints. First of all six stations were selected in the study zone and the sampling was performed over a 12 months period, and then the average of obtained parameters was compared with the standard values of Department of Environment in Iran. The results showed that fecal coliform in most stations and BOD5 in stations 4 and 5, and Nitrate in the stations 4, 5, and 6 were more than standard. Next, the related factors and criteria with the changes in pollution trend in river was identified, weighted and prioritized by the Analytical Network Process (ANP) model. Then the basic maps were prepared and the information layers were incorporated into the SMCE model. Finally, the zoning map of BalikhlouChai River specified in terms of pollution and river health in two contaminated and safe areas in the study basin. According to the results of this study, 3 zones for the safe and 3 zones for the contaminated areas in the study region of river basin were determined which respectively the numerical values of 1, 0.85 and 0.75 for the safe zones and 0.2 and 0.1 and about zero values for the contaminated zones were calculated. The results of quality and quantity zoning indicate that the northeast regions of the study area, including Ardabil City outlet and the Qarasu River basin have gained almost zero value.

Обзор и анализ показателей работы лучших отечественных и зарубежных речных дноуглубительных землесосов

The article analyzes the development and modernization of energy and technological equipment, as well as soil productivity of dredging projects of both foreign and domestic manufacturers of dredging equipment. The emphasis has been placed on the installation and use of submersible pumps. The productivity of soil dredges has been found to increase due to changes in the design of soil sampling devices and soil pumps. The main characteristics of the American river dredgers with hydraulic cultivators and domestic river diesel dredgers with hydraulic soil cultivators have been considered and evaluated. The designs of the dredgers built in France and the Netherlands have been studied. To compare the technical and economic parameters of the standard type Beaver1600 dredger and the 82080-800 m3/h project domestic dredger there were carried out calculations by the specialists of Volzhskiy State University of Water Transport. There has been illustrated the layout of the TRN-3000 dredge pump (France) including a control cabin, a milling cultivator, a frame of a soil intake device, a submersible soil pump, an anchor support, etc.; layout of the KhAM-219 dredger (Netherlands); layout of Ellicott dredger (USA); layout of a domestic 350-50LPG dredger based on class 350-50L dredgers; a suction pump S-55P; layout of the Benoto dredger (France) including a mechanical cultivator, a soil pump, a hydraulic pump of a soil pump, a frame and a hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the frame. It has been inferred that the domestic dredgers are not inferior to the foreign models, taking into account that they are equipped with a new type of domestic rotary-bucket cultivator for working on inland waterways of Russia. The financial assessment of the construction of new domestic dredgers has been carried out.

Fiscal capacity in “post”-conflict states: Evidence from trade on Congo river

In many post-conflict states with a weak fiscal capacity, illicit domestic levies on trade remain a serious obstacle to economic development. In this paper, we explore the interplay between traders and authorities on Congo River - a key transport corridor in one of the world’s poorest and most conflict-ridden countries; DR Congo. We outline a general theoretical framework featuring transport operators who need to pass multiple taxing stations and negotiate over taxes with several authorities on their way to a central market place. We then examine empirically the organization, extent, and factors explaining the level of taxes charged by various authorities across stations, by collecting primary data from boat operators. Most of the de facto taxes charged on Congo River have no explicit support in laws or government regulations and have been characterized as a “fend for yourself”-system of funding. Our study shows that traders have to pass more than 10 stations downstream where about 20 different authorities charge taxes. In line with hold-up theory, we find that the average level of taxation tends to increase downstream closer to Kinshasa, but authorities that were explicitly prohibited from taxing in a recent decree instead extract more payments upstream. Our results illustrate a highly dysfunctional taxing regime that nonetheless is strikingly similar to anecdotal evidence of the situation on the Rhine before 1800. In the long run, a removal of domestic river taxation on Congo River should have the potential to raise trade substantially.

Establishing Multi-support River Chief System (RCS) to Achieve Long-term Restoration and Management Effectiveness of Transboundary Rivers

Due to the lack of effective communication and coordination between regions, the problems of water pollution and water environment of transboundary rivers are prominent. The restoration and management of the transboundary rivers has been the focus and difficulty in China for a long time. As an innovative system of river and lake restoration and management in the new era, the River Chief System (RCS) has a unique role in achieving long-term restoration and management effectiveness of rivers and lakes in China. Focusing on the restoration and management of transboundary rivers, this article studied on the construction of multi-support RCS in order to achieve long-term restoration and management effectiveness of transboundary rivers in China. With a view to achieve a highly organic unification between the short-term goals of water pollution treatment and the long-term goals of water ecological protection for the domestic rivers in China, this paper can provide technical support for the restoration and management of the transboundary rivers with the help of RCS.

Validation of High-resolution and Simple River Monitoring Technique using UAV-SFM Method

This study tested the accuracy and precision of the UAV-SfM method, an automated photogrammetry technique called SfM (Structure from Motion) using multiple pictures taken by UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), in a section of Saba river, Yamaguchi, Japan. The method was applied in the submerged area as well as in the exposed area, taking into account the refraction at the water surface, for the first time in domestic rivers. When the resultant DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is considered as the map of riverbed elevation, the RMS (Root Mean Square) error and R2 (coefficient of determination) of UAV-SfM were 0.165 m and 0.93, respectively. In pixels with thick algae cover, large apparent overestimations reaching 0.351 m at maximum were observed because UAV-SfM actually measures the algae surface elevation, not the riverbed elevation. Error analyses also showed that the refraction correction method adopted in this study is working well in spite of its simplicity.

Domestic River Water Use and Risk of Typhoid Fever: Results From a Case-control Study in Blantyre, Malawi.

Typhoid fever remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income settings. In the last 10 years, several reports have described the reemergence of typhoid fever in southern and eastern Africa, associated with multidrug-resistant H58 Salmonella Typhi. Here, we identify risk factors for pediatric typhoid fever in a large epidemic in Blantyre, Malawi. A case-control study was conducted between April 2015 and November 2016. Cases were recruited at a large teaching hospital, and controls were recruited from the community, matched by residential ward. Stepwise variable selection and likelihood ratio testing were used to select candidate risk factors for a final logistic regression model. Use of river water for cooking and cleaning was highly associated with risk of typhoid fever (odds ratio [OR], 4.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.7-12.5]). Additional risk factors included protective effects of soap in the household (OR, 0.6 [95% CI, .4-.98]) and >1 water source used in the previous 3 weeks (OR, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.6-6.2]). Attendance at school or other daycare was also identified as a risk factor (OR, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.4-5.3]) and was associated with the highest attributable risk (51.3%). These results highlight diverse risk factors for typhoid fever in Malawi, with implications for control in addition to the provision of safe drinking water. There is an urgent need to improve our understanding of transmission pathways of typhoid fever, both to develop tools for detecting S. Typhi in the environment and to inform water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions.

Managing River Fish Biodiversity Generates Substantial Economic Benefits in Four European Countries.

Ecosystems and biodiversity produce benefits to society, but many of them are hard to quantify. For example, it is unclear whether European societies gain benefits from experiencing rivers that host high native biodiversity. Without such knowledge, monetary investments into ecologically oriented river management plans are difficult to justify. The objective of this study was to reveal how the public in four European countries values ecological characteristics of domestic rivers and the outcomes of hypothetical river basin management plans designed to improve river ecosystems, particularly fish biodiversity. We conducted a choice experiment among the populations in Norway, Sweden, Germany, and France. We found similar preference structures in all countries with high marginal willingness-to-pay for improvements of abiotic river attributes (increased accessiblity of the river banks, improved bathing water quality, decreased river fragmentation). Citizens also benefited from certain fish species occurring in a river with native salmonid species being more valued than nonnatives, particularly in Norway, and from the degree of a river's native biodiversity. Welfare measures calculated for selected river basin management plans (policy scenarios) revealed societal benefits that were primarily derived from ecological river management whereas a scenario focusing on hydroelectricity production generated the lowest utility. We conclude that ecological river management may produce high nonmarket economic benefits in all study countries, particularly through the management of abiotic river attributes and the restoration of declining or extinct fish species. Our results help to inform decisions on restoration efforts by showcasing the benefits that these measures have for the public.

Development Necessity of Diatom Indices for the Integrated Assessment of Water Quality and Aquatic Ecosystem of Korean Streams.

River water quality and organisms have a very close relationship with the human living environment and health, so it is very important to ensure and maintain the ecological integrity of the aquatic ecosystem. In that sense, benthic diatoms have relatively little mobility, can explain the effects of long-term exposed pollution sources, and are very suitable indicator organisms for river ecosystem evaluation. Diatom ecologists have been developed various diatom indices to assess water quality and stream ecosystem over the world. However, they so far have insufficient identification of taxa, are strongly regional, and are difficult to apply as they are domestically. Unfortunately, there has not been developed an independent diatom index suitable for the Korean stream. Therefore, management of water quality and aquatic ecosystem suitable for domestic rivers can be made, and development or improvement of comprehensive multivariate diatom index for the integrated assessment of water quality and aquatic ecosystem is urgently needed.

Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of quinolone antibiotics in Qingshitan Reservoir, Guangxi Province

利用高效液相色谱法对桂林市青狮潭水库喹诺酮类抗生素（氧氟沙星（OFX）、诺氟沙星（NOR）、环丙沙星（CIP）、恩诺沙星（ENR））进行监测，并分析其污染来源和生态风险.结果表明：青狮潭水库水体中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的检出浓度范围分别为50.00~660.13、3.70~5.00、3.49~6.22和4.59~6.06 ng/L；与国内河流抗生素浓度水平相比，青狮潭水库水体中喹诺酮类抗生素浓度处于中等偏低水平；青狮潭水库水体喹诺酮类抗生素浓度与水体理化性质的相关性分析表明：NOR浓度与pH相关性极显著、与浊度相关性显著，CIP浓度与总磷浓度相关性显著，OFX和ENR浓度与理化指标无显著相关性；生态风险评价结果表明青狮潭水库东湖区、西湖区水体中OFX存在高风险，NOR、CIP与ENR处于中等风险水平.;The residues of quinolone antibiotics-ofloxacin (OFX), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and enrofloxacin (ENR) in Qingshitan Reservoir were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Correlation between the concentrations of antibiotics and physical-chemical properties of water was analyzed, and ecological risk was evaluated by risk quotient method as well. The results showed that the ranges of OFX, NOR, CIP and ENR in Qingshitan Reservoir were 50.00-660.13, 3.70-5.00, 3.49-6.22 and 4.59-6.06 ng/L, which were at the medium level or slightly lower level comparing with the concentrations of antibiotics in domestic rivers. The NOR concentration was significantly correlated with pH and turbidity, and the CIP concentration was significantly correlated with total phosphorus (TP) concentration. While there was no significant correlation between OFX and ENR concentration and all other physicochemical indicators of water. The ecological risk assessment showed that OFX had posed a high risk in the western and eastern areas of Qingshitan Reservoir, while NOR, CIP and ENR were found to pose a moderate risk.

국내 하천수의 수열에너지 활용 가능성 분석 : (1) 허가 기준유량 산정 및 취수 가능지역 설정

In recent years, there has been continued interest in the utilization of river discharge as a new energy source. Before this can be achieved, it is essential to examine the stability of the flow rate. In Korea, however, there are no guidelines for calculating the water availability of river water. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of estimating the water availability of river water based on the permissible standard flow rate according to the permission system of river water in Korea, and the amount of domestic river water available is estimated. In addition, the area where sufficient hydrothermal energy can be taken is analyzed considering the heat pump installation conditions of the river water. These results can be utilized as an indicator for evaluating river water hydrothermal energy as an alternative to fossil fuels and the contribution of river water to greenhouse gas reduction.

KETERSEDIAAN DAN KEBUTUHAN AIR DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH DAN JAWA TIMUR

There are two objectives of this research. First, to calculate water available and water need in the research area and second, to analysis the water balance. Water available cover rivers water and springs water, whereas water need cover domestic usage, industrial usage, rivers protect, cattle, fi shery and irrigation. As a result, show that the biggest water available in Central Java is in Serayu River Basin namely 8615.33 million m3/year, whereas the smallest is in Juana River Basin namely 88.39 million m3/year. In East Java, the biggest water available is in Downstream Bengawan Solo River Basin namely 26149.38 million m3/year, whereas the smallest is in Luminu Penguluran River Basin namely 45.26 million m3/year. Base on the water balance, the water balance of both province are also variatifl y. In Central Java, Serang-Lusi, Juana and Citanduy River Basin get water defi cit along years, whereas in East Java, it is just Luminu Penguluran River Basin that get defi cit along years. According the water surplus, Serayu River Basin in Central Java and Downstream Bengawan Solo River Basin in East Java get water surplus along years.Key words : water available, water need, water balance

Study on the ecosystem construction of using ecopath model in inland waterway

In this paper, Ecopath with Ecosim 5.1 software is used to simulate the constructed water ecosystem of inland waterway. According to the characteristics of feeding relationship, the ecopath model of water ecosystem is divided into seven functional groups: phytoplankton, hydrophyte, zooplankton, herbivorous, omnivorous, polychaetes and detritus. By analyzing the important ecological parameters of the ecosystem, such as biomass, biomass / biomass, consumption / biomass, trophic level and ecological nutrient conversion efficiency, the software integrates the energy flow process of the ecosystem, the ratio of the total net primary production and the sum of all respiratory flows is 1.314, it’s indicating that the ecosystem is equilibrium. The research method of this paper can be widely used to evaluate the stability of the ecosystem of the domestic river.

Path Model of the Influence of Waterway Construction on Local Tourism Development

With the rise of domestic river tourism, waterway construction plays a pivotal role in tourism development. In order to explore the influence mechanism of waterway construction on local tourism industry, here its influence index system is defined by literature survey and expert consultation, then the PLS path model is established to analyze the influence degree. The result indicates that waterway construction has a positive effect on local tourism’s transportation, tourism resource, tourism economy, and a negative effect on ecological environment to some extent. Sustainable coordinated development should be taken seriously whether in the phrase of construction or operation.