Domestic Problems Research Articles

CRIMES OF PHYSICAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND NEGLIGENCE IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Study This aim For do study to influencing variables​ happen violence in House stairs (domestic violence) in family , that is form violence physical and neglect . Additionally , research​ this is also purposeful For know action preventing and dealing with domestic violence carried out by husbands to wife , as Decision South Jakarta District Court Number 995/ Pid.Sus /2021/PN Jak.Sel . and Verdict South Jakarta District Court Number 130/ Pid.Sus /2022/PN Bks. Second decision the made with objective For discuss domestic violence problems . Specifically, the South Jakarta District Court and the South Jakarta District Court are the research locations. Both courts are in the South Jakarta area. The data collection process was carried out using several research methodologies, namely library research and field research. Primary data collection can be done by conducting interviews with relevant sources. Apart from that, secondary data was also obtained in the form of papers, books and research reports which were directly related to the topic of domestic violence in the form of physical violence and neglect in the household. This data was collected as additional primary data. To uncover the root causes of domestic violence in the form of physical violence and neglect in families in the South Jakarta and Bekasi City areas, the data obtained was then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. This is done to find out what actions can be taken to reduce the impact of domestic violence. Based on the research results, the main factors that cause domestic violence crimes committed by husbands against their wives are internal factors, especially those related to the personality characteristics (temperament) of the perpetrator. In conditions that trigger uncontrolled anger, such as lack of communication and intense jealousy, these characteristics make it easier for individuals to commit criminal acts. This is because they are more easily affected by these events. It should be noted that education and economic factors are one of the external factors that cause domestic violence. To overcome the problem of criminal acts of domestic violence committed by husbands against wives in South Jakarta, it is necessary to carry out preventive efforts such as instilling moral values from an early age, preventive efforts such as increasing awareness of laws and regulations. , and repressive efforts such as taking action against perpetrators of criminal acts of domestic violence (KDRT).

The geopolitical changes in Europe and the Balkans and their impact on the Republic of (North) Macedonia since the beginning of the 21st century

The last decade of the 20th century is associated predominantly with the international consolidation of the Republic of Macedonia, whereas during the first decade of the 21st century the country faced grave international problems and confrontations between the Macedonian and the Albanian communities, as well as the dilemma of its further steps towards membership in the European and North Atlantic structures. On the verge of the new century, the state clashed with numerous domestic political problems and escalation of the inter-ethnic conflicts. The danger of the escalation and spreading of the ethnic conflict and its transformation into civil war was successfully averted with the help of the international community. From a foreign policy perspective, during the first decade of the 21st century the country had candidate status for EU membership and the doors of NATO were open for it. However, the main problem before its successful integration consisted in finding a solution to the issue of the country’s name in its dispute with Greece. In spite of the serious efforts of the Republic of Macedonia, the EU did not set a date for the start of the accession negotiations in the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century. On its part, NATO was ready for rapid accession of the Balkan state, but only after the dispute on its name had been resolved. That position was clearly outlined at the NATO Summit in Bucharest in 2008, when Albania and Croatia received invitations to join the Alliance, but Macedonia did not. The country thus remained with totally blocked dialogue with NATO and the EU on account of the demands of Greece concerning its name and the implementation of the good-neighbourhood policy. That in turn created a security threat and resulted in escalation of the inter-ethnic tension. The country’s growing destabilisation was strongly influenced by the deepening crisis in the domestic policy sphere in the autumn of 2012, provoked by the so-called “budget crisis.” It was connected with difficulties for adopting the new budget after it was blocked in the Assembly by the opposition. The political crisis continued in 2013, with the active help of the opposition, notably the left-wing Social Democratic Union of Macedonia that blocked on numerous occasions the Assembly’s work on various issues. On the domestic political level, presidential and extraordinary parliamentary elections followed, which created a new political tension. The political parties in the struggle for power very fiercely accused each other of incompetence and electoral falsification of the parliamentary elections. On the gender-political front, there was still the current issue of the blocking of the Republic of Macedonia's admission to the EU by Bulgaria and Greece. Macedonia accepted all the conditions set by Greece, including the change of the constitutional name to the Republic of North Macedonia in 2019. This motivated Bulgarian politicians to set some of their own conditions regarding language and history. Namely, it is known that Bulgaria does not recognize the existence of the Macedonian nation, its language and history, so it has created a new and further political problem. We should not forget the already existing problems.

Who will win the competitive game between China and United States?

As the world’s two great powers, China and the United States have developed a relationship that strongly affects the rest of the world. In the present study, we compare the benefits and drawbacks of the relationship between China and the United States with the goal of finding ways to avoid this kind of zero-sum game from four perspectives: political, cultural, economic, and military. The governments of China and the United States should first and foremost work on solving their domestic problems rather than seeking a confrontation. Although competition between individuals, industries, regions, and governments is a major force that drives the development and evolution of human society, competitors must avoid dangerous zero-sum games and instead promote cooperation or coopetition. One approach would be to develop a globalized federation of nations that will work to achieve a “common world of harmony and differences”.

THE APPLICATION OF PENAL MEDIATION TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CASE: AN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE

70% of domestic violence problems were resolved using the penal mediation method. Penal mediation has become an alternative case resolution amidst the increase in cases of domestic violence in recent years. Nearly 3,000 cases of domestic violence were recorded in West Java Province. In Islamic law, cases of violence are strictly prohibited, because Islam is a religion that upholds human values and peace. Therefore, this writing aims to find out the principles of Islamic law in implementing penal mediation, especially in cases of domestic violence, as well as to find out what challenges are faced in implementing penal mediation in general and from an Islamic perspective. The research method used by the author is empirical juridical with qualitative data collection techniques through interviews, field observations, and literature studies. The results of this research show that there is a connection between the principles of Islamic law and the implementation of penal mediation in domestic violence cases, one of which is stated in Surah An-Nisa verse 35, and normative challenges were found in the implementation of penal mediation, as well as the community's mistakes in understanding Islamic law. in the form of peace.

An Analysis on Domestic Tourism Development Prospective in Karnali Province, Nepal

The main thrust of this paper is to elucidate various aspects of domestic tourism in the specific context of Karnali Province in Nepal. To elucidate the complex interface between tourism and people, attempt have been made to provide an analysis covering various aspects related to domestic tourism policies, programs, prospects and problems. This research was conducted under Mixed Method research design because the study was described systematically the major problems and prospects of tourism development in the study area. The districts and places for domestic tourism importance have been purposively selected in order to collect valid and reliable data from the local level. Tourism is a complex process related to the work and life of people who live in the tourism potential areas. The tourism phenomenon has to make a perfect match in order to harness the benefits of tourism related activities. This research based article covers various facts of tourism development related phenomena and processes as social, cultural, religious, and natural aspects when come together make a complex form of an integrated rural network.

Organizational and Legal Grounds for the Activities of the Prikaz System of Central Government in Russia (Late 15th — First Half of the 16th Century)

The paper presents an author’s analysis of the organizational and legal basis of the prikaz system that was formed in the Russian state at the end of the 15th — first half of the 16th centuries. In the period under review, the previously existing palace and patrimonial system of organs, aimed at solving the applied tasks of ensuring the management of the princely court, but assuming the presence of boyar estates, could no longer effectively respond to the challenges the state faced. There was a need for centralized state control and management bodies. Prikazes were such bodies. At the same time, the level of development of law made it possible to give both the prikaz system itself and its functioning normative features. The sources of that time not only mention certain bodies and positions, but also establish the foundations of their legal status: a place in the system of government and administration, rights, obligations, responsibility. Of course, such a consolidation, that was fundamentally different from the previous approach to this issue, at the end of the 15th — the first half of the 16th century was not systemic and comprehensive. At the same time, it is obvious that it had already taken shape. The authors considered the signs of the origin of legal regulation of both the organizational structure of prikazes and the procedure for their functioning. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that at the end of the 15th — the first half of the 16th century organizational and legal foundations of the prikaz system of the Russian state had already begun to form on the basis of key regulations of that time — the Judicial Code of 1497 and the Judicial Code of 1550. Acting under the control of the sovereign, the prikaz system acted as the core in the management of the united state. The fundamentals of the functioning of orders laid down by the legislator provided effective leadership and a systematic approach to solving domestic problems.

Gaza War: New Opportunities and Challenges for Iran

The Iranian decision not to immediately retaliate against Israel for the assassination of Hamas political leader Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran on July 31, 2024, in part reflects a concerted effort by regional, Chinese, Russian, and Western diplomats to convince Iran that de-escalation and diplomacy was the wiser course. It also reflects recognition by the new administration of President Masoud Pezeshkian –whose inauguration preceded the Haniyeh killing by only a few hours– that such a military retaliation would likely provoke a massive Israeli response backed by the U.S. and other Western allies that would doom Iran’s chances of re-engaging with the West and relieving onerous economic sanctions. A wider conflict between Israel and Hezbollah across the Israel-Lebanon border does not appear to have changed this calculus for Iran, which is confronting severe domestic economic problems and a growing gap between the regime and society. Still, any progress in improving U.S.-Iran relations will have to await the results of U.S. presidential elections.

«5+1» COOPERATION FORMATS IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION: ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC INTERACTION WITH JAPAN

The article analyzes Japan’s economic interaction with Central Asia within the framework of the «5+1» format, which is a unique mechanism of multilateral cooperation that has attracted the attention of leading world powers in recent years due to the strategic importance of the region in the context of energy resources and transit routes. The research is based on a comprehensive analysis of investment, trade and economic relations between the countries of Central Asia and Japan. The main purpose was to identify key trends and factors that determine the dynamics of economic interaction and analyze the interrelations of economies. The hypotheses were tested using comparative statistics, dynamic analysis and graphical method, as well as using statistical methods, including calculation of correlation coefficients and multiple regression. Limitations of the study include the lack of data for some countries and periods. The analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between the GDP (Gross domestic product) of the countries of Central Asia and Japan, indicating economic interdependence. Japan’s investment activity is manifested in significant investments in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, with recent growth in Tajikistan. Trade turnover between the countries fluctuates due to global and regional factors. Despite the positive correlation of economies, Central Asia's influence on Japan remains limited. Japanese investment plays a key role in the region's development, but political instability and domestic problems in the countries reduce their effectiveness. Trade also faces challenges, including customs barriers and infrastructure limitations.

재일조선인 귀환사업의 촉진요인: 국제적 요인을 중심으로

This paper aims to analyze international factors that facilitated the participation of ethnic Koreans in Japan in the repatriation project to North Korea. Since the project is a complicated issue related to the international situation in the Cold War era, this study illuminates the overall aspect of the project, focusing on the perceptions and responses of major international actors such as North Korea, Japan, Korea, the International Committee of the Red Cross(ICRC), the United States, and the Soviet Union. The purpose of this study is to understand the background and process of the project, and to grasp how each country's policy decisions had an effect on the project. North Korea sought to secure labor and capital through the project, and to demonstrate the superiority of regime while Japan sought to solve domestic problems and improve relations with North Korea. South Korea tried to block the project, but there were limitations due to the international situation and domestic conditions. The ICRC emphasized the humanitarian nature of the project, but it was actually used for political purposes. The United States and the Soviet Union decided their positions on the project in consideration of their respective diplomatic interests, having an important impact on the progress of the project.

LEMBAGA FILANTROPI ISLAM DALAM MENINGKATAN EKONOMI UMMAT

Islamic philanthropy has an important role in community economic empowerment. The conditions of poverty and injustice felt, especially by Muslims, will cause separate and ongoing problems, so it is necessary to make strategic and relevant efforts to unravel the gap in conditions, namely through commendable da'wah activities. That this commendable da'wah is not just to spread religion and call for truth. But da'wah is about how we can see what we can do for our surroundings. This study aims to determine and analyze the potential, role and opportunities of Islamic philanthropy to alleviate poverty and injustice. The results of the study explain that da'wah regarding the problems of poverty and injustice that occur in society need to be unraveled through Islamic da'wah. Islamic philanthropy is a manifestation of our love and care as fellow human beings raising ethical values. The Islamic da'wah agenda through zakat, infaq, shadaqah, and waqaf should be able to unravel domestic problems. With effective activities, well-targeted da'wah, and support from government agencies and institutions, the implementation of Islamic philanthropy provides a solution to the problem of poverty and injustice in Indonesia.

Analysis from a policy perspective: The importance of strengthening in maritime axis policy design in Indonesia

This study analyzes the importance of strengthening the design of Indonesia’s maritime axis policy. This research uses a qualitative approach to systematically explain the dynamics and importance of strengthening world maritime policy, where the Nvivo 12 Plus tool is used to analyze data and answer the research questions posed. This research shows that Indonesia still has complex bureaucratic and institutional problems and aspects of political identity and leadership attitudes that require systematic and comprehensive improvement. Then, the draft for strengthening the maritime axis policy in Indonesia includes three policy recommendations: reformulating the focus of the maritime axis policy, comprehensive and coherent governance, and an integrated administrative framework, as well as improving the political identity and attitudes of leaders in public policy. Substantially, the relative failure of the Global Maritime Axis (GMA) policy, known as Joko Widodo’s concept of regulating the Indonesian government based on geographical location, was caused by the dominance of political factors and domestic bureaucratic problems. Apart from that, the lack of priority narratives in the maritime and development sectors means that the Indonesian government’s priorities are more oriented towards GMA infrastructure aspects and at the expense of other fundamental elements. This study encourages the Indonesian government to accelerate a more substantive GMA. However, this research needs to be expanded because the analysis results were only carried out through secondary data and focused on two important aspects of GMA. Therefore, further research is needed that explains the prospects for GMA policy in Indonesia in more detail.

Preliminary considerations on China's international cooperation in cyber security: legislation, competent authorities, and challenges

This article addressed general issues regarding the Chinese legislative framework, competent authorities, China’s strategic objectives and the challenges in terms of international cooperation in the field of cybersecurity. The main objective of the research is to identify the actors involved in ensuring China’s cybersecurity, describe their responsibilities and correlate them with Chinese cyber-security legislation and China Cyber Security Cooperation Strategy. This study traces preliminary considerations for future in-depth analyses of the impact of China’s actions in the field of international cybersecurity. Among the main findings of the study the aspects briefly identified were related to the influences of the policies and narratives of the Chinese Communist Party presented in China’s International Cyber Security Cooperation Strategy, as well as to the fact that, despite China’s intention to become a cyber power, open to cooperation, international reactions are quite reluctant due to allegations of cyber espionage and domestic surveillance problems existing at the national level, among others.

France’s militarized interstate disputes: diversion from domestic problems?

A large body of research investigates whether democracies’ decisions to intervene militarily are guided by external threats and strategic considerations or whether domestic factors play the predominant role. Foreign military intervention can create a “rally-round-the-flag” effect and might be used to divert attention away from domestic problems. A reassessment of diversionary theory for France, as one of the most militarily active European powers, which has hardly been subject to rigorous empirical research so far, is not supportive of the theory’s theses. There is only weak support that France is more likely to intervene in months with low presidential popularity and no evidence of a systematic rally effect after France gets involved in military disputes. With few exceptions, presidential approval ratings do not improve.

Barriers to Modern Contraceptive Use by Female Workers in Indonesia's Urban Areas.

Female workers in Indonesia are vulnerable, because they must work to earn a living while still being responsible for domestic problems. This study analyzes the barriers to the use of modern contraceptives by female workers in Indonesia's urban areas. This cross-sectional survey looked at 21,696 female workers. We used modern contraceptive use as a dependent variable, and age, education, wealth, known modern contraceptives, number of live births, ideal number of children, and insurance ownership as independent variables. In the final test, we employed binary logistic regression. The results showed that women at all age categories were more likely than those aged 15-19 years not to use modern contraceptives, except those aged 35-39 years, who showed no difference. All other marital types were more likely to use modern contraceptives than married individuals. Rich female workers were 1.139 times more likely than poor workers not to use modern contraceptives (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.139; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.026-1.264). Female workers who did not know about modern contraceptives were 4.549 times more likely than those who did not to use modern contraceptives (AOR, 4.549; 95% CI, 1.037-19.953). Female workers with more than two children were 9.996 times more likely than those with two or fewer children not to use modern contraceptives (AOR, 9.996; 95% CI, 9.1890-10.875). This study identified five factors associated with the non-use of modern contraceptives by female workers in Indonesia's urban areas: young, unmarried, rich, did not know about modern contraceptives, and had more than two children.

Front-line guardian of the status quo: Japan under the Kishida government

Abstract Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and his government have implemented bold defence, diplomatic and economic policies against the challenges to the status quo order posed by Russia's invasion of Ukraine and increased Chinese assertiveness. What do these policies unveil about Japan's strategy and response to the transformed strategic environment? This article argues that the Kishida government has upgraded Japan to a front-line guardian of the status quo order. To achieve its front-line role, the Kishida government has consolidated Japan's deterrence policy, namely focusing on two main pillars—military and rules. To ensure Japan's frontline role is sustainable, this policy paper makes three recommendations: Japan must develop strategic clarity and clear operational plans on how to respond to a regional contingency, such as the Taiwan Strait; Japan must resolve domestic problems that prevent the increase in defence spending to 2 per cent in the period to 2027. Japan's role as a front-line state to protect the status quo order is very much dependent on the availability of resources that would be provided by this increase in defence spending; Japan should re-energize its efforts towards east Asia through a sustained diplomatic, economic and security means. This is important in securing support for Japan's preferred vision of regional and global order from not only like-minded partners and friends in east Asia, but also China. Japan's approach should underscore how the extant status quo order benefits all states, including China, especially in terms of spreading economic prosperity, development and connectivity.

The Significance of Communication in Resolving Disputes: Insights into the Negotiation Process in BRT Project, Peshawar

Negotiation means reaching a mutual consensus with the aim of resolving the disputes with acceptable solutions for all the parties. Negotiation is common in day-to-day affairs, but is of more significance in the areas, like contracts, business deals and domestic problems. The literature shows that negotiation is a communication process and provides a medium for the opposite sides to sit across the table and resolve the disputes and conflicts. Contrary to this, the available literature emphasis more on the decision-making aspect of the negotiation, but lacks discussion on the communication processes, which can in fact make or break a deal, project, or a contract. To address this issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the communication processes in an actual negotiation scenario. For this purpose, the communication processes in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) were studied and 30 interviews were conducted from the project team and the affected persons. Data was analyzed using applications of constructivist grounded theory which leads to the formation of Communication as a major theme of study. The results exhibit that communication serves as a medium for exchange of information and has an integral part in negotiation processes. Meetings, interactions, discussions, and networking emerged as major themes of communication in this study, and it mediates the negotiation process and leads to the resolution of disputes. Therefore, effective communication plays a significant role in negotiation, reaching agreements and resolving disputes. This research studied negotiation and communication in BRT project only. Further studies could analyze the negotiation processes in other projects and scenarios to further elaborate mediation of communication in negotiations.

A narrative review on quantum finance theory

This paper systematically reviews the historical development trajectory and current situation of quantum financial theory research through an in-depth review of relevant literature. This paper summarizes the history of the concept of quantum finance, elaborates on the development stages of quantum finance, and explains the contributions of representative work in different periods in various aspects, such as theoretical frameworks, mathematical models, and algorithmic tools, which is of great significance to the research path of quantum finance. In addition, the paper introduces in detail the research progress of domestic and foreign body problems, such as quantum algorithm optimization of investment portfolios, quantitative pricing of derivatives, quantum neural networks, etc., laying a good foundation for future in-depth study of this interdisciplinary subject. Overall, this paper systematically reviews the development history of quantum finance research, provides readers with a macro understanding framework by sorting out the progress in different research fields, and has significant reference value for interdisciplinary exchanges.

Analysis and Reflection on the Operation Status of Residential Special Maintenance Funds

Residential special maintenance funds are large in volume and play an important role in safeguarding people's livelihood. In recent years, many problems have been exposed in the operation of maintenance funds: in management, the funds are unpaid, no value-added power, easy to be misappropriated, and insufficient supervision; in use, the funds are inefficiently utilized, and the application for use is cumbersome, and so on. Compared with developed regions at home and abroad, most of the domestic maintenance fund system changes have not touched the root of information asymmetry. Therefore, this paper tries to summarize the current major domestic problems and domestic and international experiences, in order to prepare for the introduction of insurance mechanism and other mature mechanisms into the residential special maintenance fund management system.

The Mercurial Commitment: Revisiting the Unintended Consequences of Military Humanitarian Intervention and Anti-Atrocity Norms

Abstract The debate on whether military humanitarian intervention and anti-atrocity norms, such as the responsibility to protect, cause perverse incentives, and provocative violence by a rebel group, has yet to reach a consensus. Specifically, existing theories are unable to fully explain why “emboldened” rebel groups provoke the government in some cases but not others. This paper reconciles this unresolved debate by arguing that it is not anti-atrocity norms but the temporary feasibility of humanitarian intervention that induces the potential rebel group to actually provoke the government. The inherent temporariness of the feasibility of large-scale intervention causes a commitment problem: An expectation of a temporary intervention shifts the balance of power toward a potential rebel and opens a quickly closing window of opportunity. A three-player game shows that, among other findings, a higher probability of humanitarian intervention alleviates the potential rebel’s incentive to fight, implying that the criticism of anti-atrocity norms is a “false charge.” The model also (i) explains why weaker groups can rebel in the shadow of external intervention and (ii) presents a novel implication that lowering the intervention cost can exacerbate the adverse incentive when a domestic commitment problem caused by the consolidation of government power is not severe.

An Evaluation on the Construction and Sustainability of Family Counseling Specifically for Domestic Problems

Aile, çiftlerin bir araya gelerek birbirlerinin ve toplumun ihtiyaçlarını karşıladığı maddi, manevi ve sosyal temelleri bulunan bir kurumdur. Bu kurumun sağlıklı bir şekilde sürdürülmesi için belli ölçüde şartlar ve çabalar gerekmektedir. Aile, evlilik öncesi, sonrası, çocuk yetiştirme süreci başta olmak üzere birçok aşama ile oluştuğu için bu süreçlerde birçok sorun yaşanmakta ve bu sorunların çözümlenmesinde çiftler kimi zaman yeterli olamamaktadır. Bu durumda geçmişten günümüze kadar, aracı, hakem, danışman gibi farklı isimlerle anılsa da üçüncü bir bakış ve müdahaleye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Günümüzde bu ihtiyacı karşılayan sisteme aile danışmanlığı ismi verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada aile danışmanlığının aile içi sorunlara müdahale süreci ve aile yapılarında görülen temel sorunların ele alınması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada, kuramsal olarak aile danışmanlığında kullanılan tekniklere değinilmiştir. Kuramsal pratikler, aile danışmanlığı alanında kullanılan çeşitli kuramların temellerini ve nasıl uygulandıklarını anlamak için kapsamlı bir kaynak sunmaktadır. Özellikle, aile dinamiklerini anlamak ve çözümlemek için kullanılan yöntemler, terapistlerin ve danışanların problemleri nasıl ele aldıkları ve çözüm yolları aradıkları konusunda bilgi vermektedir. Aynı zamanda aileye dair sosyal problemlerin kapsamı ele alınmıştır. Değerlendirme kısmında aile danışmanlığının problemleri çözme konusundaki katkısı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu süreçte, evlenme süreci, boşanma, sağlıklı iletişim ve aile yönetimi konusunda değerlendirmelere yer verilmiştir. Danışmanlık sürecinde ise aile içi ilişkiler, iletişim sorunları, bireysel ve grup terapisi uygulamaları gibi konular yer almaktadır. Aile danışmanı, ailelerin karşılaştığı çatışma, iletişim sorunları, rol anlaşmazlıkları gibi problemleri çözmeye odaklanır. Aile Danışmanlığı, bireylerin ve ailelerin daha sağlıklı ilişkiler kurmasına, çatışmaları etkili bir şekilde yönetmesine ve bireysel potansiyellerini maksimize etmesine yardımcı olmayı amaçlar. Mevcut probleme yönelik benimsenen her bir yaklaşım, aile yapısını, bireyler arası ilişkileri ve aile içi işlevselliği destekleyici özel teknikler ve müdahaleler sunar.