Domestic Passenger Research Articles

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ КОНСТРУКТИВНЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ НЕСУЩИХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ КУЗОВОВ ПАССАЖИРСКИХ ВАГОНОВ С ПЕРФОРИРОВАННЫМИ ПОДКРЕПЛЯЮЩИМИ ЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ

As a method of investigations there is adopted a computer mathematical modeling based on the use of a finite element method. The choice of a type and perforation parameters is connected with the problem in the large array creation of bearing structure design models of passenger car bodies. The analysis of investigations carried out in the field of multi-variation computations has shown that the most efficient investigation method is a superelement reduction. Its use allows decreasing labor and time costs for the body design model development at the expense of the initial super-element with the perforation area for a new one. 
 The appraisal of the procedure offered on the choice of a body efficient bearing structure with the perforated profiles is carried out by the example of the body of a domestic passenger car according to the criteria of strength and assurance of the highest weight reduction of a bearing structure. 
 In the first stage of the work there are defined types and parameters of perforation possible for use in the structure. Finite element design models of car bodies are developed. On the basis of strength computation results the reinforcing elements of the structure are offered which have a margin safety for perforation application in them. Based on the analysis of car body bearing structure there is carried out a choice of an efficient unit of a finite element model which will be used as a super-element. In the next stage of the work there are developed and computed structures of car bodies with the perforation types under consideration and with the use of superelements. 
 The computation results have shown that maximum design stresses of car bodies for all perforation types under consideration do not exceed legitimate values. As an efficient bearing structure of a passenger car body there is adopted a car body with the sixth type of perforation ensuring the largest decrease of structure metal intensity and satisfying strength requirements. 
 The procedure developed can be used at designing modern bearing structures of passenger car bodies having improved technical and economic values.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF IMPROVING SUBURBAN RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION

The features of management of domestic railway transport at different stages of its development have been disclosed. The main principles and conditions of structural reform in the industry have been formulated. The main models of management of the railway complex, principles and features of the organization of suburban railway communication in different countries have been characterized. Statistical data on suburban rail transport on the infrastructure of JSC «Russian Railways», confirming their importance and significance for the Russian Federation, have been adduced. The economic results of the activity of domestic suburban passenger companies have been considered. The shortcomings of the existing methodology for assessing the financial condition of suburban passenger companies have been indicated. The proposals to improve the current methods of calculations taking into account the conditions of prospective development of companies have been given. The scheme of scientific and methodical approach to the analysis of economic condition of the suburban passenger companies, including set of procedures of calculated and analytical character, has been offered.

Propensity to fly in Nigeria: a forecast of domestic air passenger traffic flow in some Nigeria airports

This study carried out an assessment of the air passenger traffic flow in some airports in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Secondary data used in the study was collected from Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) database. Time series features were studied using time series plot and autocorrelation plot against time lag. The forecasting capability of multiplication and additive decomposition models were compared to those of additive and multiplication Holt’s Winter methods and the prediction of passenger volume was based on the model with the lowest Mean Square Deviation (MSD) value. The result revealed that Abuja, Kano, Owerri and Yola airports showed upward trend, while Lagos and Port-Harcourt airports showed downward trend. The entire airports with the exception of Yola airport were found to be stationary. The 2017 and 2018 forecast on passenger traffic shows a consistence increase in the total passenger volume for Owerri, Kano and Abuja airports, while Lagos, Yola and Port-Harcourt airports shows slight decrease in the total passenger volume. Based on the results, airport investors should consider investment in Owerri, Kano and Abuja airports, as these airports shows a promising increase in passenger traffic. Keywords: Airport, Decomposition method, Forecast, Holt’s winter method, Passenger travel demand, Time series analysis

Regional disparity and driving forces of CO2 emissions: Evidence from China's domestic aviation transport sector

•We estimate China domestic air passenger market's CO2 emissions in 2007 and 2014.•We assess the change of air route networks and emission features focused on regional disparity.•Applying decomposition method to identify the driving forces of estimated CO2 emissions.•Noteworthy offset to increasing CO2 emissions is indicated from modal split changes.

교차검증을 이용한 국내선 항공수요예측

The aviation demand forecast field has been actively studied along with the recent growth of the aviation market. In this study, the demand for domestic passenger demand and freight demand was estimated through cross-validation method. As a result, passenger demand is influenced by private consumption growth rate, oil price, and exchange rate. Freight demand is affected by GDP per capita, private consumption growth rate, and oil price. In particular, passenger demand is characterized by temporary external shocks, and freight demand is more affected by economic variables than temporary shocks.

The impact of high-speed rail on civil aviation in China

This paper examines the impact of High-Speed Rail (HSR) on the domestic Chinese aviation passenger market. Our dataset comprises a panel of 642 air and HSR routes from 2007 to 2014. During rapid HSR expansion from 2010 to 2014, the number of air passengers per route grew 32% for destinations that did not compete with HSR, but fell 7% for routes that faced HSR competition. A difference-in-differences approach shows that the introduction of HSR leads to more than a 50% fall in air travel over two years. Increased frequency of daily HSR routes further contributes to economically large declines in air passengers. The negative effects of HSR introduction and additional daily service to air travel increase substantially over-time and the recent expansion of HSR to Central and Western regions in China dampens demand for air travel more than coastal regions. These factors point to future challenges for aviation as China plans to expand rapidly HSR service inland.

Trend extrapolation of domestic air travel demand in Nigeria (2018-2030)

Trend analysis of domestic air travel demand in Nigeria was examined based on yearly passenger demand from 2010 to 2017. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was used to forecast for twelve years (2018 to 2030) demand for domestic air passenger travel in Nigeria. The demand for domestic air passenger in Nigeria from year 2010 to 2017 was compared with the forecast. There seems to be periods of fluctuations in the demand for domestic air passenger travel in Nigeria from year 2010 to 2017 which are expected to have effect on the forecast of domestic air travel. Calculation and computation reveals that the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.203 which signifies a high error term such that the explanation level is very low; hence the prediction or forecast is unreliable. Despite the decline in the forecast of domestic air passenger demand in the future, and the fact that the forecast is unreliable, hence inconclusive as shown from the coefficient of determination, government agencies should be sensitive to the forecast and try to adopt new policies and strategies that will improve the demand for domestic air passenger travel in Nigeria.

유해산출물을 고려한 국내 공항 효율성 측정에 관한 연구

Recently, Intense competition is expected to bring about continuous change with the rapid global aviation industry. In particular, domestic passenger demand has been steadily increasing over the past five years, with domestic and international shipments growing at a CAGR of 8.4% and 10.0%, respectively. In addition to the economic value of the airport, social interest due to greenhouse gas emissions is also rising. In this study, we analyzed the efficiency of airport operation by using DEA model(Directional Technology Distance Function) considering undesirable output for 14 airports in Korea. As a result of analysis, all airports except Gimhae, Yangyang, Cheongju and Yeosu were analyzed as efficient airports. However, only Gimpo, Gimhae, Jeju, Muan, Daegu and Gwangju were analyzed as efficient airports considering the undesirable output.

Does carbon pricing reduce air travel? Evidence from the Australian ‘Clean Energy Future’ policy, July 2012 to June 2014

Aviation emissions are an important contributor to global climatic change. As growth in travel demand continues to outstrip improvements in the fuel efficiency of air travel, the aviation contribution to climate change is likely to grow substantially. Consequently, measures that effectively reduce travel demand are required if atmospheric carbon concentrations are to be limited. The efficacy of the Australian Clean Energy Future policy which placed a $23.00AUD (FY 2012) to $24.15 AUD (FY 2013) per tonne levy on carbon-dioxide equivalent emissions from July 2012 to June 2014 is tested. Specifically, time-series regression is used to estimate the effect of this carbon price policy on the level of domestic passenger kilometres flown in Australia, while adjusting for costs of production (i.e. fuel and labour costs), economic activity (i.e. gross domestic product), competitive effects (i.e. airline capacity), and exogenous shocks. There was no evidence that the carbon price reduced the level of domestic aviation in Australia. Carbon pricing measures may have to be levied at a greater rate to affect behavioural change, particularly given the limited potential for future aviation efficiency gains.

Measuring the main determinants of tourism flows to the Canary Islands from mainland Spain

The analysis presented in this paper is innovative, due to the lack of studies analysing how airlines compete in managing demand for domestic passenger air transport from mainland Spain to the Canary Islands. This research examines five Canary Island airports on 52 routes in order to explain the determinants of tourist air travel in this market. The regression analysis used the 2-stage least squares structural equation approach' with the implementation of instrumental variables in three equations: i) demand, ii) market share, and iii) price on each route. The results show that tourism in the Canary Island is very sensitive to income of the generating regions and prices of airline tickets.

Investigating the impact of catchment areas of airports on estimating air travel demand: A case study of regional Western Australia

The aviation industry in Western Australia (WA) plays a vital role in the economic and social development of the state. However, accurate forecasts for passenger movements are not available to policy makers due to lack of relevant air travel demand information. The objective of this study is to estimate the domestic air passenger seat numbers between airport-pairs based on online flight information in regional WA based on a gravity model using Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation (PPML). Particularly, we aim to investigate the impact of distance, airfare, catchment areas, population, tourism and mining sector on forecasting air passenger seat numbers in order to inform and guide policy making.This research collected appropriate data and produced valid models that represent air passenger seat numbers offered on regular public transport (RPT) air services in regional WA. The models consider both geographic and service-related variables, such as the catchment area of airports, population and number of tourists in the airport's catchment area. Two kinds of airport catchment areas are generated in this study, based on Thiessen polygon and two and half hours' driving distance. The Thiessen polygon catchment areas cover the whole WA regions, while the 2.5 h's driving catchment area covers only 32 percent of the WA region. The size of the catchment area can affect the magnitude of factors, and therefore influence the modelling results. When deciding the catchment area for the study, it is important to take the spatial distribution of factors into considerations. For both Thiessen polygon and two and half hours' driving distance catchment area, the model results illustrate that distance between airports, airfare of the flight, population of the origin airport's catchment area and the number of operating mine sites of the destination airport's catchment area are significantly correlated with domestic air travel seat capacity provided. Given the guidance from policy documents and policy makers, the results will improve the understanding of the key parameters of regional passenger aviation services and help to guide policy makers considering regional passenger aviation issues. The outcome of this study would be useful for and guide policy development.

Socio-economic mobility and air passenger demand in the U.S.

In this research, we examine how socio-economic mobility affects domestic passenger enplanement volumes at U.S. airports. In addition to metrics such as income and population levels, socio-economic mobility has been identified as an important characteristic of the socio-economic fabric of market areas. As such, it is a potentially significant determinant of demand for goods and services, including air travel. Drawing on data from the U.S. domestic airline industry and newly available measures of socio-economic mobility, we empirically discern how the latter affects both yields and passenger counts at U.S. airports. The results offer compelling evidence that greater mobility is associated with lower air fares. In addition, our findings suggest that greater passenger volumes are also lower in areas marked by higher socio-economic mobility, all else equal. Collectively, our results document the significance of socio-economic mobility as a determinant of air travel demand and thereby highlight the importance of considering it in the context of forecasting, demand management and, ultimately, infrastructure planning.

Rapid Identification Method for Abnormal Noise of Suspension System Based on Transfer Path Analysis

In the development of a domestic passenger car, it is found that there is a severe abnormal noise of suspension system. In response to the problem, firstly, the frequency range of abnormal noise of the suspension system is identified through vehicle road test and subjective evaluation, secondly, the main path of abnormal noise source is acquired by transfer path analysis(TPA), finally, abnormal noise source of the key component of the main path is identified through the time difference method and the characteristic energy of wavelet analysis method. Through this method, the main abnormal noise source of suspension system can be identified quickly in a relatively short time. The result of the study can provide theoretical and practical guidance for other similar suspension abnormal noise problems.

ANALYSIS OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA PERIOD 2003-2015 BASED ON DOMESTIC PASSENGER GROWTH AND THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATION FOR AIRLINES AND GOVERNMENT

The objective of the study was to analyze the growth of the number of domestic passengers in Indonesia based on emprical data of the last 12 years to forecast the number of domestic passenger for 2016-2021 by using panel data modeling with random effects model technique. The research using independent variable air traffic, ticket prices and per capita income has never been done in the Indonesia’s aviation industry, but research with the same model ever done in the industry of electrical household. The results of the study are useful for strategic planning for companies in developing the market and government of Republic of Indonesia to determine the right public policies needed to support the aviation industry development which able to accelerate economic growth, ensure the safety and convenient of air transport passengers and the sustainability of aviation industry. The results of this study indicate that the variable number of air traffic can be explained by ninety one point eleven percent by variable number of air traffic, yield and per capita income and has a close relationship to the number of domestic passengers in Indonesia.

Methodology for Tendering the Performances in Long Distance Rail Passenger Transport

A fundamental step in the liberalisation of the rail market has been the separation of the railway infrastructure from the railway operating. The partial liberalisation of the rail market in the European Union (EU) was already underway in 2010. Opening up the market to new private railway operators means that operators can compete for the performance of selected lines. The opening up process of domestic rail passenger transport markets according to the fourth railway package has a variety of levels in Member States. This process is requested to be performed not later than 2019, while making public tenders for transport service contracts compulsory in the public interest. The paper is focused on tender implementation steps for long-distance rail passenger transport and shows the legislation requirements for the tendering process. There is a need to analyse the technical and other obstacles and threats to the operation of long-distance rail services entering competition. The idea is to meet the objectives of the EU White Paper on transport and The Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on public passenger transport services by rail and by road and repealing Council Regulations (EEC) No. 1191/69 and 1107/70.

Queuing analysis using Viswalk for check-in counter: Case study of Lombok Praya International Airport

Queuing analysis on check-in counter in airport is required to accommodate the passenger processing facilities, such as check-in service. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a queuing system at check-in facilities in 2nd passenger terminal Lombok Praya International Airport in 2016 and 2036. This analysis is done by determining parameters of the queues at every check-in counter through simulations on Viswalk. Before running the simulation, the model of airport terminal must be created first. Queuing simulation starts with the traffic demand forecasting of domestic departure passenger for the next 20 years. To determine the optimal number of check-in counters, an iteration of various number is performed. Check-in services time data were adopted from previous study which became an input of the simulation using two different scenarios. The expected output are the queuing parameter and the distribution of passenger service time at each check-in counter.

Modelling Air Passenger Traffic Flow in Murtala Muhammad International Airport Lagos, Nigeria: A Time Series Approach

In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing (HWES) models are used to model air passenger traffic flow in Murtala Muhammad International Airport (MMIA), Lagos Nigeria. The performances of these proposed models are compared for in-sample and out-of-sample performance by employing static forecast procedure over January 2014 to December 2015 forecast horizon. The best models from the SARIMA, ANN and HWES were selected by employing some performance metrics comprising, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and residual diagnostics. The selected models forecasting performances were compared using the statistical loss functions, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for the measurement of forecast accuracy. Results show that ANN outperforms the other models in the domestic sector, while the HWES had the best performance in the international sector even though it was outperformed by SARIMA in the domestic sector. ANN yielded the best in-sample performance for domestic and international air passenger traffic. It was concluded that the ANN, which represents a class of non-linear time series model is very efficient in mimicking time series pattern and giving good forecast.

Effect of perceived safety, procedural justice on domestic airline passengers of Nigeria

The aim of the paper is to empirically examine how perceived safety and procedural justice effect satisfaction service recovery of domestic airline passengers in Nigeria. The study uses survey method, quantitative in nature. Using PLS SEM the conceptual model was tested with a sample of 444 passengers obtained through cluster sample. From the result, both perceptions of safety and procedural justice are important to domestic airline passenger satisfaction when evaluating the airline's recovery effort in Nigeria. Empirical evidence showed that satisfaction service recovery is directly influenced by perceived safety and procedural justice.The main limitation is that the study uses cross-sectional sample of airline passengers. It also relied on information from prospective domestic airline passengers, while neglecting other type of passengers. The research shows that passengers’ perception of safety, determine their satisfaction with service recovery. It shows that in situations of failure similar to the present, safety perception, procedural justice should be given preference during service recovery.The study fortifies the justice theory in service recovery of domestic airline context by including perception of safety. However, through empirical testing the perception of safety, procedural justice variables determine satisfaction with recovery. It suggests that airline industry faced with service failure need to consider the passengers’ perception of safety and procedural justice during recovery.

Deregulasi Penerbangan dan Kinerja Perusahaan Penerbangan Niaga Berjadwal di Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze the aviation deregulation and performance of the scheduled commercial airlines. Samples used are domestic flights of 17 companies. Using descriptive analytical research methods. Deregulation encourage the emergence of new low-cost airline. Up to 2012 the share of the domestic passenger market in general is as much as 78% controlled by low-cost airline companies. Garuda Indonesia, which has the operating license to fly as a full service airline only gain a market share of 22%. It is concluded that the trend of domestic passengers as much as 78% are choosing low cost airlines.

Own and cross-price elasticities of demand for domestic flights and intercity trains in the U.S.

In 2009, the U.S. Federal Government announced its plan to invest in the expansion of the passenger rail system, instead of adding to the freeway or aviation systems. On the other hand, environmental studies show that passenger rails have a lower polluting impact than flights or cars. In order to evaluate whether consumers would switch from flights to trains and use the new rail system, this paper estimates the own and cross-price elasticities of demand for domestic flights and passenger trains using the methodology described in Berry (1994). Specifically, the changes in demand for domestic flights and trains with respect to their prices are evaluated. The static model in this study suggests that the substitutability between these two modes of transport is minimal, in other words, travelers will to change their choices is very small given the configuration of the transportation system when the notice was made. In particular, train trips are substituted more easily.