Domestic Libraries Research Articles

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ БІБЛІОТЕЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ: КОМПЛЕКСНІСТЬ І ВАРІАТИВНІСТЬ

Стрімке поширення нових інформаційних технологій, трансформація суспільних запитів на інформаційні продукти та послуги, а також упровадження нової спеціальності 029 "Інформаційна, бібліотечна та архівна справа" і пов’язане з цим скорочення бібліотекознавчого компонента в підготовці майбутніх фахівців-бібліотекарів актуалізують завдання організації підвищення кваліфікації кадрів для бібліотечної галузі та набуття ними додаткових компетенцій. Стаття присвячена висвітленню сучасних вітчизняних підходів до використання технологій Інтернет-середовища в організації дистанційного навчання у фаховій бібліотечні освіті. Розглядаються приклади організації дистанційного навчання на основі інтернет-технологій вітчизняними бібліотеками, закладами вищої освіти та громадськими ініціативами. Підкреслюється перспективність впровадження в дистанційну бібліотечну освіту мобільних технологій. Аргументується доцільність поєднання традиційних діалогічних та інтерактивних полілогічних форм навчання, необхідність підготовки відповідного навчально-методичного матеріалу: текстів лекцій, посібників, підручників, методичних рекомендацій щодо виконання практичних занять, тестових питань. Пропонується базова модель організації інтернет-простору навчального курсу, яка забезпечуватиме комплексність сприйняття матеріалу шляхом інтеграції різних варіантів комунікації і роботи з інформацією через варіативність підходів до набуття передбачених курсом знань і навичок. Висновки дослідження ґрунтуються на використанні системного методу, результати застосування якого обумовили розгляд дистанційного навчання на основі інтернет-технологій як компонента комплексної підготовки бібліотечних фахівців та цілісної системи, яка поєднує монологічну, діалогічну і полілогічну моделі навчання, методів включеного спостереження (автор має досвід навчання іноземній мові в інтерактивному режимі в рамках проходження курсу з підготовки до іспитів IELTS Британської Ради і на платформі edX) і моделювання (при розробці базової моделі організації інтернет-простору навчального курсу).

On the question of the crisis of domestic library activity: is there light at the end of the tunnel?

The article is devoted to the prospects of development of the national library activity. The purpose of the article is to determine the ways of library construction. For the first time the original methodology for its development analysis on the basis of supply and demand for library services is proposed. The dynamics of changes in the market of library services in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods is presented. It is shown that the decrease in demand for library services is largely due to the obsolescence of library collections and the inability to meet the information needs of readers. The author comes to the conclusion that the vector of library construction should be set by the state and society. If in the Soviet period the emphasis was placed on the interests of the state to form a new “Soviet” person, today it should shift towards the humanization of social relations and the creation of conditions for the creative development of an individual. It is noted that the unfavorable situation in library construction is created by certain demographic and socioeconomic factors. Their compensation should also form the basis of the state library policy.

Specificity of Electronic Documents in the System of Library Funds

The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of electronic documents in the system of modern library funds. The methodology of the research is based on general scientific methods of knowledge, including a systematic approach that helped to analyze the electronic document as an integral part of the library business, funds and electronic document space as general systems; theoretical-empirical, abstraction, analogy, analysis, deduction, induction, reduction and synthesis methods have been used. Scientific novelty. The specificity of electronic funds in the context of domestic and world tendencies in the development of library activity is investigated; various aspects of the formation of funds of electronic documents and electronic libraries as an integral part of the library fund of the 20th century have been analyzed; The concept of «electronic document», «electronic fund», as well as differences of electronic library fund from electronic library is specified. Conclusions. The specifics of electronic documents as forms, which appeared as a result of the synthesis of documentary diversity and computer technologies, were determined, and possessed the properties of a document, combined with a class of technetronic documents, with specific general characteristics, and at the same time personal characteristics. It is revealed that replenishment of the electronic library of the library at the present stage is one of the priority directions of domestic libraries activity, both at the local and national level, taking place within the framework of creation of a single information space and provision of information in national and international information systems, according to the state target national-cultural program for the creation of a unified information library system «Library XXІ».

Application and Research of User Portrait in Digital Library

The library service system based on user portraits, through the personalization of knowledge services, and the utilization of library information resources and user experience. The article discusses the research status of user portraits in the field of libraries at home and abroad, and elaborates on three aspects: necessity, feasibility and model construction. Drawing on the development experience of user portraits in the field of e-commerce and foreign libraries, this paper proposes building a model of user profiling in domestic library application.

Social Functions of Public Library in the Studies of Domestic Library Scientists

The article is devoted to one of the most debatable topics of library science — the problem of social functions of library. Domestic researchers in the area of library science repeatedly addressed the question on the mission of library and considered its role in the society. The author notes that the term “social function” occupies an important place in the conceptual apparatus of library science; however, the generally accepted classification of social functions has not been developed to date. The author traces the history of formation of the ideas about the social functions of library. The article examines the main theoretical approaches and directions of research of social functions related to their classification, definition of functions of different types of libraries, search for the essential (generic) function, etc. The author emphasizes that, in the course of evolution of library science, the ideas of library scientists on the composition and content of social functions of library had been changing, and the choice of particular function as the dominant one depended on the specific historical conditions. The article notes that in the modern library science there is a tendency to expand the vision of social functions of library. The author believes that this trend will continue in the future, and this is a naturally determined process. To the traditional functions of library — information, cultural, educational — added the function of social protection. The most striking model of the modern public library, implementing this function, embodied in the concept of “third place”, according to which the library positions itself as part of the urban space, a comfortable area for self-development, informal communication and social adaptation. For people with special needs (disabled, unemployed, homeless) library often becomes a “lifeline”, giving the opportunity to find their place in society. The expansion of the range of activities of libraries through the development of additional social functions does not detract from the importance of library-information services as a leading area of work. How justified are the attempts of libraries to “fit” into the life of modern society, to attract attention, to become necessary, can be judged only in the course of time.

Noble Subjects: The Russian Novel and the Gentry, 1762–1861 by Bella Grigoryan

Reviewed by: Noble Subjects: The Russian Novel and the Gentry, 1762–1861 by Bella Grigoryan Anna A. Berman GRIGORYAN, BELLA. Noble Subjects: The Russian Novel and the Gentry, 1762–1861. Dekalb, IL: NIU Press, 2018. 189 pp. $39.00 paper. “Nobility” is a notoriously slippery concept in the Imperial Russian context. Noble status could be inherited or could be earned through service, raising questions about what it actually meant to be a Russian nobleman. As Grigoryan’s new study shows, these questions were central to the Russian literary tradition in the nineteenth century. Combining detailed historical research with close readings of literary works, Noble Subjects brings little-studied agricultural texts and advice literature into dialogue with canonical literature, revealing the close interrelationship between the two. Breaking free of the tendency to focus on a very limited range of Russia’s “literary giants” and to assume their uniqueness, Grigoryan instead places the subjects of her study in their historical and literary context, offering balanced explanations that “historicize various aspects of Tolstoy’s work,” for example, and explain them “as not just ‘Tolstoyan’ (read: protean, strange), but also as all but determined by Russian imperial culture and political history” (8). In so doing, the book provides a timely reminder of the dangers of myopic study of single “geniuses.” The first chapter takes up the eighteenth-century ideal of the noble farmer who serves the Tsar by being a good estate manager and “picking up the plow.” Grigoryan traces how this figure of the gentleman farmer was cultivated in the burgeoning new journals that appeared during Catherine the Great’s reign, focusing particularly on the creation of the Free Economic Society and its quarterly periodical, Transactions, along with the writings of Nikolai Novikov, Andrei Bolotov, and Nikolai Karamzin. Chapter Two then traces the noble estate owner through the notes, unfinished literary writings, and published prose of Alexander Pushkin, beginning from Pushkin’s 1830 question: “The Russian nobility—what does it mean now?” (47). The question will stay relevant for the next half century. At issue, ultimately, is the “inherited character of noble identity” versus nobility as “the product chiefly of practice and cultivation” (55, 61). To my mind, Grigoryan’s book fully comes into its own in the middle chapters on Faddei Bulgarin and Nikolai Gogol. Here, Noble Subjects delves into the polemics in the periodical press about estate management and agriculture. Writing in his Northern Bee and Ekonom, a Universally Useful Domestic Library, Bulgarin cultivated “the persona of an exemplary pomeshchik and an authoritative voice in the growing market of how-to literature about home life” (73). His rivals, too, took up the personae of “everyman” landowners, their articles and reviews aimed at the “middling” public (srednee sostoianie), not just the nobility. Together, they facilitated the rise of what Grigoryan calls “middlebrow institutions of Russian print culture” (69). In the journals as well as in Bulgarin’s novel Ivan Vyzhigin (1829) we see again and again “a cliché of Nikolaevan agricultural literature: that the nobleman may serve the state in his capacity as a good steward of property” (71). Yet, as Grigoryan will show in the Conclusion on Anna Karenina, this idea is also vulnerable, and Konstantin Levin, for one, feels insecure about his choice to work only on his estate. Continuing to look at the influence of middlebrow agricultural and domestic writing, Chapter Four illuminates the relationship between Dead Souls (especially the unfinished Part Two) and its media environment. Through close readings, Grigoryan reveals the ways Gogol polemicized against and parodied Bulgarin, while similarly positioning himself as a writer of advice literature. She makes the bold—but well justified—claim that “the expanded Bulgarin intertext of [the unfinished] volume two may be emblematic of a veritable vocational shift in Gogol’s work” (91). Having [End Page 318] read her meticulously researched argument, it would be difficult not to agree. Gogol’s famous (and bizarre) invitation to readers in the preface to the 1846 republication of Dead Souls to send him suggestions on how to improve the novel suddenly makes new sense as Grigoryan reminds us that “[f]or authors of advice literature, the invitation that readers aid them in the enterprise...

Officer Libraries in the Artillery Directorate (the second half of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century): Quantitative Assessment and its Characteristic Features

For the first time in the domestic library science there is accomplished the counting of the Officer Libraries in the Artillery Directorate in the second half of the 19th — the beginning of the 20th century; there are identified the sources on the basis of which the counting was done. Quantification of the libraries in artillery, unlike the establishment of their number in the Corps of military engineers, army officer libraries and military schools, has its own characteristic features. They were caused by the organizational and staff structure (which included not only artillery units and military schools, but also arms, gunpowder, cartridge, capsular plants, artillery warehouses, and training bases with officer book collections at them), as well as specifics of service in the artillery (artillery batteries were located in dozens of kilometres from the brigade headquarters, where an officer library was located, and from remaining batteries of the brigade). The main sources in the calculation of the number of libraries were: “Reference book for the Russian officers…” (St. Petersburg., 1869, 1875); the articles about officer brigade and battery artillery libraries in the “Artillery Journal”, “The Military Collection”; the lists of artillery units and institutions which had to have subscription to “Artillery Journal”; the regulations on military educational institutions that were included in the Main Artillery Directorate and subordinate to the General Feldzeugmeister; the orders on military and artillery Directorates; instructions, provisions, rules of military meetings; catalogues of books and annexes to them; instructions for use of books, journals and newspapers from officer artillery libraries; the history of military units, institutions and military schools of the artillery Directorate, etc. The analysis of numerous different sources allows to assume that by the early 20th century the Artillery Directorate could have 150—200 officer libraries. The revealed data provide the opportunity to trace the dynamics of creation and development of library network in Artillery Directorate, to complement and refine the overall picture of the history of military librarianship in the Russian Empire.

D. Ivanov’s Insight about Scientific Library in the context of Contemporary Interpretation of the Notions of Library and Science

The forgotten now concept of the scientific library by D.D. Ivanov, the theorist and practical expert of librarianship, was not approved by the scientific community in 1970’s, as his views differed significantly from those accepted in library science at that time. Since D.D. Ivanov distinguished two processes in library activities (collecting books and assisting the reader), he represented the scientific library not as a static formation (library-institution), but as a process (librarianship), associated with scientific work. Therefore, he considered the library work in the scientific library to be an “intrascientific” system promoting knowledge and development of science. He also urged to abandon the term “library” in favor of the term “library work”. However, the idea by D.D. Ivanov about the interconnectedness of science and library (he declared it one of the first in the domestic library science) is of doubtless scientific and historical interest for library scientists: on the one hand, a clear idea of structure of the concept of “scientific library” is not yet developed; on the other hand, his views are consistent with today’s interpretation of the concepts of library and science as social institutions.

Partnership of Digital Libraries Hathi Trust Digital Library: the New Mode of Cooperation

There is analysed the activities of digital libraries partnership Hathi Trust Digital Library (HTDL), arose in October 2008 in the United States as a collaborative repository of digital collections of library systems of 13 universities in the U.S. Middle West and digital collections of 11 universities in California (now numbering 124 libraries). In the United States — the leader of IT-technologies — has been accumulated the vast experience in the field of organization of electronic resources, carried out a large-scale reorganization of library industry, the results of which are not sufficiently covered in the domestic library science. For the first time, the Russian library community is invited to learn the specific experience of the formation and operation of the partnership of digital libraries HTDL, based on the principle of institutional cooperation and coordination of management solutions in the conservation and maintenance of electronic collections.The main tasks of the distributed data warehouse belonging to the partnership group of large research libraries are: providing access to the digital collection first of all for collective users, libraries — co-founders; preservation of intellectual heritage through reliable and accessible electronic representation, improvement of open technological infrastructure. The HTML concept is based on the conscious preservation of the specificity of research libraries, when the user is offered a body of special catalogued literature, and the ranking of search results is not influenced by the commercial interests. It is noted that HTDL is built on the basis of an extensive network of interlibrary entities in the United States with extensive cooperation in the field of administration, cataloguing, and storage of printed materials.There are considered the priority achievements of Hathi Trust Digital Library: development of the new models of interlibrary cooperation, efficient distributed management structure, transparent scheme of payment calculation of infrastructure maintenance. The dynamics of the development of this resource from the moment of formation to the present time is analysed.

利用者による問題行動について : 最近10年間における国内主要図書館関係雑誌記事および事例調査から( 図書館における危機安全管理)

利用者による問題行動について : 最近10年間における国内主要図書館関係雑誌記事および事例調査から( 図書館における危機安全管理)

Improving the Service Level of University Library by Using Micro-blog and WeChat

In order to improve the service level of the University Library and increase the utilization rate of the students' libraries, the domestic libraries began to use micro-blog and WeChat. The use of micro-blog and WeChat is in line with the characteristics of college students and can improve the service level of University libraries effectively. In this article, I will start with introducing mi-cro-blog and WeChat, briefly describe the current situation of using micro-blog and WeChat in university libraries, and the measures to improve the service level of university libraries by using micro-blog and WeChat.

Forming conceptual ideas on the librarianship early history in M. I. Slukhovsky’s works

The article is devoted to analysis of the socio-cultural concept origin and formation at the early history of the domestic library science, which main principal positions were proposed by M. I. Slukhovsky. It analyzes Slukhovsky’s professional development as a library scientist and a historian; overviews his major works on the librarianship history. The main emphasis is on a trilogy on the history of librarianship and bibliology in the XI-XVIII centuries.

Research on the Application of Reading Recommendation System in High Medical College Library Based on the Local Data

This paper summarizes the feasibility of constructing the recommended reading system in the library of high medical college, and analyzes the core technology‐recommendation algorithm in the recommendation system. At the same time, it introduces the innovative design of the recommendation model of the recommendation system of high medical institutions. Based on the local data to promote the implementation of the model, the domestic library to provide recommended services to the future made a prospect.

«The Ministry of National Education Journal» as a source on the history of Russian librarianship and library science

The article is devoted to the analysis of the «Ministry of Education Journal» as a historical source on the history of libraries and librarianship. The magazine was published in 1834–1917. During the journal activities it published about 45 thousand articles, over 300 of which were devoted to librarianship. This is an average 3.42 publications per year. They are normative acts in the field of librarianship, articles devoted foreign librarianship, history of domestic libraries. A large number of notes were reprinted from local editions and dedicated to the provincial public libraries and libraries of educational institutions.For the first time in the national librarianship the author analyzes the editorial policy of the journal related to library construction. The first stage was based on the concept of official nationality of the Minister of Education S. Uvarov, which was focused on publishing articles on the library system organization and familiarizing readers with the world librarianship development. The editorial policy second stage, began in 1860, was based on N. Ushinsky views about education nationality and upbringing through the book. The special attention was paid to activities of the Imperial Public Library, Rumyantsev Public Museum and Vilen Public Library. For the first time the journal publishes articles devoted to the problem of academic libraries acquisition, cataloging, etc.

A Comparative Study on New Media Marketing in Domestic and Foreign Public Libraries

Currently, new media has become the popular platform for brand marketing and services promoting of public libraries. Using the method of online survey, literature analysis and comparative analysis, this paper chooses 4 foreign public libraries and 4 domestic public libraries as the research samples and compares the differences in new media marketing between them from new media marketing tools, marketing content and marketing strategies, then makes some proposals and measures to perfect domestic public libraries’ new media marketing, so as to provide references to improve the libraries’ social awareness and benefits.

Development of Sociological Knowledge and Change of Structure of “60.5 Sociology” Section in the Library Bibliographic Classification

There is substantiated the necessity to change the section “60.5 Sociology” in the schedules of the domestic Library bibliographical classification, due to the development of sociological knowledge in the recent decades. Based on the analysis of causes, forms and the nature of changes of sociological knowledge, there is proposed a new version of schedules. Comparative analysis of the previous and proposed versions of the LBC schedules, the analysis of a large mass of the latest literature on sociology allows to point out the increasing multi-paradigmality, interdisciplinarity and historicity of the sociological knowledge. It poses a number of problems to the classifiers on the reflection of these features in the LBC schedules and distributing the literature by sectors of socio-humanitarian knowledge. Some examples of solutions to these problems are proposed in this work.

Formation of the Conceptual Vision of the History of Librarianship in Russia: Problem Statement

The article is devoted to the analysis of two major conceptual visions of the process of rise and development of the national librarianship in the 11th — 17th centuries. In the 19th — early 20th century in the Church history there formed the bibliological concept of the history of librarianship. It is based on the idea of library as an ordered large book collection, which in the initial stage had ensured collecting and storage of books and in the next stage — their use. In the mid-twentieth century in the domestic library science there started to form the social-cultural concept of the history of librarianship in Russia. Its main provisions were formulated by M.I. Slukhovsky in the 1960-ies. The concept is based on the idea of library as a cultural institution created to ensure public needs (religious, educational, scientific, leisure, etc.) through the acquisition of specialized book collection in a form of library stock and technology for its public use. There is introduced the concept of “protolibrary” — book collection aimed to satisfy social needs, however using the technology of book publishing, and occupying an intermediate position between the book collection and library.

On the problem of domestic library science genesis and its scientific status

The article is dedicated to the domestic library science formation and development. It reviews and analyzes the concept proposed by A. N. Vaneev, according to which librarianship has emerged as a branch of science. This concept is based on the following facts: first, on the etymology of the term «bibliotekovedenie» meaning the knowledge on library; secondly, on the opinion of a participant of the discussion that took place in print in 1865, that library science and its works were not possible; that in 1910-1920s it was dominated the view on the library science as a branch of knowledge, and in 1930s the library science was declared a bourgeois science. Therefore, only in 1960s, the library science began to take shape of a scientific discipline, resulting in the duality, to overcome which it was proposed to replace the term «bibliotekovedenie (studying library)» with the term «library science» by A. Vaneev. The concept analysis showed that it was not confirmed neither etymologically nor pictographically. The author's concept is proposed, according to which the library science was formed as a scientific discipline during the XIX century. First, it is based on the thesis that the concept «branch of knowledge» is a library classification notion, whereas the concept «scientific discipline» is a scientific term, therefore they cannot be opposed to each other; second, on the view of science as systematic and focused research activities of a particular subject area. Therefore, it arises when there is the identification of this subject area. Such are the aspects of library activities to ensure public interests in the sphere of science, education and enlightenment. In practice, this was manifested in the «governmentalization» of librarianship and subordinating it to the Ministry of education. Understanding the subject area of library science by scholars was in the mid XIX century. The systematic character of scientific knowledge was achieved by institutionalization, through vesting the leading libraries of the country functions of scientific institutions, creating the library communities, professional printing, etc. All this took place during the whole XIX century. Thus, according to the author's proposed concept the formation of national library science as a scientific discipline ended in the late XIX - early XX century finally.

Research Progress on the Subject Service of Domestic Libraries and its Significance on Medical Scientific Research Management

Taking the papers in core journals of 'CNKI’ academic journal network publishing database as data sources, the paper conducts statistical analysis on papers about subject services by the end of 2014, including analysis on publishing years, periodical distribution, author distribution, subject distribution and so on. The paper summarizes current situation and characteristics of the research of domestic subject service so as to provide some references for hospital libraries and thinks over its significance on medical scientific research management. Key words: Subject service; Literature metrological analysis; Hospital library; Medical scientific research management

Supporting function for domestic libraries by the National Diet Library

Supporting function for domestic libraries by the National Diet Library