Domestic Football Research Articles

Management Report on a Sports Organization: French Football Team

This paper provides a thorough examination of the French football management system, highlighting its distinctive features within Western Europe characterized by substantial administrative intervention. Emphasizing the significant influence of governmental oversight, it explores how this intervention has shaped both the national team and domestic football, contributing to notable successes such as World Cup and European Championship victories. By delving into the motivations behind this governance model and analyzing its socio-economic foundations, the study offers valuable insights into the unique characteristics of French football management. Moreover, it identifies and scrutinizes contemporary challenges confronting French professional football, aiming to contribute to broader reform initiatives within the global football system. Through scholarly discourse, the paper presents a comprehensive analysis of French football management, elucidating its complexities and underlying rationale.

Does the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) mitigate referee bias on professional football?

The purpose of the paper is to check whether the introduction of the VAR system mitigated the referee bias against away teams. The dataset comprises 2279 matches played in the first tier of the Brazilian League from 2016 to 2021. We analyze 6 seasons of the first tier of the Brazilian domestic football league- 3 seasons before and 3 seasons after the introduction of the VAR technology. Potential bias is viewed through the lens of yellow cards, red cards and number of penalties awarded for both home and away clubs. A paired t-test is used to reveal potential statistical differences between pre-VAR and post-VAR periods, followed by Ordinary Least Squares regressions to inspect whether certain referee' categories have changed their behavior after the implementation of this technology. Our empirical findings offer evidence that the referee bias is diminished, but still present.

Football Scenario in Bengaluru and Its Major Flaws

This research paper aims to look at the current scenario of football in Bengaluru, it gives an overall review about how the football structure in Bengaluru is currently and later it looks at the Major flaws associated with it and the importance of domestic football and youth development mainly focusing on current status of it in Bengaluru.

GATEKEEPING KEBIJAKAN REDAKSI PEMBERITAAN “TRAGEDI KANJURUHAN” PROGRAM SEA MORNING SHOW

The tragedy at Kanjuruhan Stadium in Malang has become a black record in domestic football matches. This tragedy claimed hundreds of lives, including women and children. This dark incident became the spotlight of various media, both media in Indonesia and foreign media. The editorial team of SEA Today News is concerned about the coverage of this tragedy, considering that football is a very popular sport in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to find out the editorial policy gatekeeping that SEA Today News did in broadcasting the Kanjuruhan Tragedy. This researcher uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. The data collection technique used by the author is moderate participatory observation, where the writer has a balance between being an insider and an outsider, participating in some activities but not all. Besides that, structured interviews are used because the writer knows for sure what information will be obtained. In analyzing the editorial policy of SEA Today regarding the reporting of the Kanjuruhan Tragedy, the author uses the stages of the gatekeeping process by Shoemaker and Reese. The results of this study indicate that the gatekeeping process for the publication of the Kanjuruhan by the editorial staff of SEA Today begins with the selection of angles, script writing, selection of footage and sources determined by the program producers.

A Review of Competitive Balance in European Football Leagues before and after Financial Fair Play Regulations

This paper analyses competitive balance in 24 top-division domestic football leagues in Europe before and after the implementation of UEFA’s Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations. Our analysis covers 22 seasons between 2000/01 and 2021/22 and utilises indicators of overall league concentration and dominance. Seven of the 24 leagues examined have seen a statistically significant worsening of league concentration post-FFP, fourteen leagues experienced a decline in the number of top-four finishers and thirteen saw a reduction in the number of unique title winners. The weight of evidence indicates that FFP has adversely affected competitive balance in several European football leagues.

Development of playing intelligence as the basis of the process of teaching technical and tactical actions to young football players of preschool age

Relevance: The backwardness of domestic football prompts a critical analysis of the entire system of training football players and the search for new, innovative approaches to the educational and training process.
 Purpose: To theoretically and experimentally justify a new approach to the process of teaching technical and tactical actions of children 6-7 years old based on the development of game intelligence.
 Material and methods: Young football players (n=26) took part in the experiment. We studied indicators that, in our opinion, are components of gaming intelligence (physical, aesthetic and spatial intelligence). A battery of motor and mental tests was used.
 Results: based on the theory of H. Gardner, researches of M. Bernshtein, V. Platonov formulated a new concept - "game intelligence of a football player", which is considered as a synthesis of manifestations of bodily-kinesthetic and spatial types of player's intelligence. According to the results of the one-year experiment, the advantage of the holistic process of teaching technical and tactical actions based on the use of specially developed simulation games and game tasks was proven. Thus, at the end of the study, the experimental group had a statistically significant advantage in manifestations of bodily- kinesthetic intelligence, in particular, in the Lyakh test and the Pavlik-Mykota test. The advantage in terms of spatial intelligence was as follows: in the Kern- Irasik test, the Bartashnikov test, and the Venger test.
 Conclusions: the results of the conducted experiment provide certain grounds for making changes in the methodology of teaching technical and tactical actions based on the accented application of developed simulation games and game tasks.

THE PATH TO RELIEF FOR INFRINGED SPORTS RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOPOLITICAL CONFLICTS: THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CASE OF RUSSIAN DOMESTIC FOOTBALL TEAM SANCTIONED

As the conflict between Russia and Ukraine intensifies, the Western football world has chosen to sanction Russia by banning its domestic football teams from participating in FIFA and UEFA affiliated tournaments. Unlike previous disciplinary sanctions imposed by international football organisations, this sanction has a number of rare features in terms of the context in which it is imposed, the subject matter of its issuance and its effects, and will inevitably have a profound impact on the future governance of international sport. This article will analyze the legal governance system of international football organisations, with a focus on international sports arbitration under the jurisdiction of CAS and consider how Chinese sportsman can use legal weapons to avoid a vicious circle in the face of crises and seek more benign external interactions, with a view to establishing a voice for Chinese sport.

Analysis of the Running Ability Mining Model of Football Trainers Based on Dynamic Incremental Clustering Algorithm.

Fast-running ability is a very important basic quality of football players. However, players are dynamic. It is difficult for coaches to grasp the running speed, instantaneous acceleration, and other indicators of small athletes in real time with the naked eye. Therefore, to accurately test the performance of athletes in fast-running ability, this paper studies the running ability mining model of football coaches based on the dynamic incremental clustering algorithm. According to scientific procedures and methods, the evaluation model and standard of running ability of Chinese elite female football players are established. The effectiveness of the model is 0.83, as verified by the standard recognition method, which shows that the evaluation model is efficient. The research considers the denoising of the original data. The model has rich data and standard test methods and procedures. It can be used as a measure of the running ability of China's elite female football players in a certain period and range. The research solves the problem of the insufficient running ability of domestic football players. It provides an important reference for training the next generation of excellent national football players.

The multi-dimensionality of competitive balance: evidence from European football

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the problem of designing league regulatory mechanisms given the multi-dimensionality of competitive balance and the proliferation of empirical measures.Design/methodology/approachA three-stage approach is adopted. Firstly, a taxonomy of empirical measures of competitive balance is proposed, identifying two fundamental dimensions – win dispersion and performance persistence. Secondly, a simple two-team model of league competitive balance is used to explore the dispersion–persistence relationship. Third, correlation and regression analysis of seven empirical measures of competitive balance for the 18 best-attended top-tier domestic football leagues in Europe over the 10 seasons, 2008–2017, are used to (1) validate the proposed categorisation of empirical measures into two dimensions; and (2) investigate the nature of the dispersion–persistence relationship across leagues.FindingsThe simple model of league competitive balance implies a strong positive dispersion–persistence relationship when persistence effects increase for big-market teams relative to those for the small-market teams. However, the empirical evidence indicates that while leagues such as the Spanish La Liga exhibit a strong positive dispersion–persistence relationship, other leagues show little or no relationship, and some leagues, particularly, the English Premier League and top-tier divisions in Belgium and Netherlands, have a strong negative dispersion–persistence relationship. The key policy implication for leagues is the importance of understanding the direction and impact of dispersion and persistence effects on the demand for league products.Originality/valueThe variability in the strength and direction of the dispersion–persistence relationship across leagues is an important result that undermines the “one-size-fits-all” approach to designing league regulatory mechanisms.

The future of women's football in Asia: a look at competitive balance in top 5 domestic football leagues from 2010 to 2019

PurposeThis paper analyses competitive balance in the “big five” women's football leagues in Asia longitudinally between 2010 and 2019.Design/methodology/approachCompetitive balance has been measured using recognised measures of concentration, HICB and NHICB, alongside recognised measures of dominance, i.e., identification of top teams. A time-trend analysis has been employed to identify trends of CB in the respective leagues followed by ANOVA and relevant post-hoc tests to identify difference in concentration measures. A multiple linear regression analysis has been conducted to identify the impact of external economic factors on CB.FindingsSome significant differences were detected in the levels of concentration between leagues. There was also some variation in terms of some leagues being dominated by a fewer number of teams. However, these two measures of competitive balance (concentration and dominance) were not necessarily correlated with each other. The paper also tries to find the optimum number of teams to maintain CB in the women's football leagues in Asia, but an exact figure could not be found.Research limitations/implicationsSome significant differences were detected in the levels of concentration between leagues. There was also some variation in terms of some leagues being dominated by a fewer number of teams. However, these two measures of competitive balance (concentration and dominance) were not necessarily correlated with each other. External economic factors were found to have negative impact on CB.Originality/valueThe paper is an original research and aims to add to the growing body of CB research in world through analysis of competitive balance (ACB).

Investigating the “Twelfth Man” Effect in Five European Domestic Football Leagues: A COVID-19 Induced Natural Experiment

This study examines whether there is a quantifiable change in the magnitude of home advantage (HA) when football matches are contested behind closed doors. The study incorporates the highest divisions of football leagues in England, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, 506 fixtures were played without crowds across these leagues during the 2019/20 season. We conducted inter-season analysis comparing HA between the 2019/20 season and the 2018/19 season (when crowds were present). We also conducted intra-season analysis comparing HA between fixtures played with and without crowds during the 2019/20 season. The Italian Serie A and the German Bundesliga were the only leagues where any evidence of a significant decline in inter-season HA (between 2018/19 and 2019/2020) or intra-season HA (between fixtures with and without crowds in 2019/20) was found. Overall, there is insufficient evidence to generalize that the absence of crowds affects HA in football.

Organization of sports selection in the system of youth and professional english football

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the organization and conduct of the process of sports selection in youth and professional football in England. The main scientific and methodological approaches of software and system support of the process of sports selection in youth and professional football in England are analysed. The program of the English Football Association "Talent pathway" (in the Ukrainian edition - "Шлях таланту") is presented in detail.
 The essence of this program is that due to participation in the program in special "Regional Talent Camps" and "National Talent Camps" thoughtful and in-depth selection and sports training are young football players aged 7 to 16 years. The program of the English Premier League "Premier League Primary Stars" has been studied. We believe that a certain selective broadcast of the English system of organization and conduct of the process of sports selection and selection in youth and professional football is possible in terms of the model of functioning and improvement of youth football schools and football clubs of Ukraine.
 Scientific and practical approaches to the organization and conduct of educational, training and competitive forms of sports selection and orientation in the age groups "U 10" (children under 10 years) and "U 12" (children under 12 years) are analysed. The system of organization of competitions in age groups "U 14" (teenagers under 14 years) and "U 16" (boys under 16 years) is studied.
 Such a scientific and methodological approach can provide an opportunity to effectively integrate domestic football to the best examples of European and world sport of excellence, which are competitions under the auspices of FIFA and UEFA.

The relationship between team ability and home advantage in the English football league system

The existence of home advantage (HA) has been found in a variety of team sports including football. There is a paucity of research on the relationship between team ability and HA in domestic football leagues and the findings of previous studies are inconclusive. Using longitudinal data from the top four football divisions in England, this study investigates the influence of team ability on the HA of teams. The data collected for this study spans 24 seasons from 1995/96 to 2018/19 and includes 48,864 matches from the English Premier League (n = 9120), the Championship (n = 13,248), League One (n = 13,248) and League Two (n = 13,248). Team ability was interpreted in two ways: (1) the division in which teams play and (2) their league table position within each division. For both the divisional and positional analysis, HA was calculated as the ratio of home points to total points achieved by teams in each season under review. Evidence of a statistically significant HA was found in all four divisions and for teams of all abilities within each division. Small but statistically significant differences in HA were observed between divisions and between high, moderate and low ability teams within divisions.

Acceleration and High-Speed Running Profiles of Women's International and Domestic Football Matches.

Acceleration and deceleration are important given football is an intermittent sport with constant changes in velocity and direction. It is unclear, however, if the accelerations and decelerations performed by players differ between competition levels. The aim of the present study was to compare the acceleration, deceleration, and high-speed running profiles of players during international and domestic matches and to determine if differences were apparent across playing positions (defenders, midfielders, and attackers). GPS data from 21 Australian women's domestic football league matches over 2 seasons (2016–2018) and 15 Australian women's international matches (2017–2018) were collected and analyzed. Movement pattern data was collected using VX Sport and GPSports 10 Hz GPS receivers. Variables analyzed included: total distance, distance covered high-speed running (16–20 km·h−1) distance covered sprinting (> 20 km·h−1) and time spent accelerating and decelerating in four predetermined bands (1–2 m·s−2, 2–3 m·s−2, 3–4 m·s−2, and > 4 m·s−2). Results revealed that players competing in international matches covered significantly greater total distances, greater high-speed running distances and greater sprinting distances as well as spending a greater duration accelerating in band 4 compared to players in domestic competitions (p < 0.05). Players competing in international matches spent significantly less duration decelerating in bands 2 and 3, compared to players in domestic competitions. International defenders and midfielders recorded significantly higher total distances and high-speed running distance compared to players in domestic matches. Our findings suggest that preparing players for international-level competition should include progressive exposure to high-speed running and sprinting distances, as well as high magnitude accelerations. Furthermore, the higher running speeds experienced by players during international matches appears to be a result of less time spent decelerating. The optimal deceleration necessary for specific situations appears important and emphasizes the need for specific deceleration training. The increased effort of high-intensity activity that is required for players competing in international matches affects defenders and midfielders to the greatest degree. Gradual exposure to the increased running demands for midfielders and defenders competing in international matches is needed to improve performance and reduce the potential risk of injury.

Chinese Fans’ Engagement with Football: Transnationalism, Authenticity and Identity

Football in China is undergoing an unprecedented expansion, the result of targeted industrial policy, private sector investment, and the increased popularity of the world’s most popular game in the world’s most populous nation. Yet, as China’s own football infrastructure matures and foreign clubs seek to establish new fanbases there, little is known about Chinese football fans themselves, the ways in which they express their fandom, or the methods by which they consume football. This study aims to take a first step in identifying and exploring football fandom in the People’s Republic of China, with a view to critically understanding the context out of which it has emerged, and its likely trajectory of development in the short-to-medium term. Adopting an inductive approach to survey research to explore the attitudes, behaviours and activities of Chinese football fans, an online survey resulting in 710 usable responses was conducted on a Chinese online survey platform Wenjuanxing (问卷星) for three weeks in March 2018. Our research identifies similarities with fandom found elsewhere in the world, yet with key differences generally characteristic of Chinese football fans resulting from the geography, distance and league structures of China’s domestic football infrastructure. A tendency to support more than one club, often one domestic and one foreign club, is also noted, with distinct methods of consumption which eschew traditional forms such as match attendance.

Saving Trinidad and Tobago's Domestic Football - An Intellectual Property Based Proposal

Trinidad and Tobago football is in turmoil. While local football has long been plagued by financial problems and a lack of resources, it is now subject to political issues that have threatened the existence of authorized football. Trinidad and Tobago was suspended by FIFA on 24 September 2020 for violations of the FIFA statutes.1 Consequently, the operation of the Trinidad and Tobago Football Association (TTFA) and all footballing activity that it ordinarily controls and/or gives oversight to are now compromised. This latest development will only serve to further undermine the poor financial standing of Trinidad and Tobago domestic football.

Study on the Formation Process and Effect of Tactical Performance Ability of Youth Training Team Based on Big Data Analysis

Football is not only an important way to enhance international communication and the physical quality of the whole people, but also to enhance the feelings between people, strengthen unity, and create a positive fighting spirit. The article first briefly describes the current situation of domestic football development, then points out the great influence of football in world politics, economy, culture and its incredible commercial value, and combines the development of big data to train and evaluate the tactical play and consciousness of the youth training team. And get the positive effect of big data on the training effect.

국내 프로축구경기장의 서비스스케이프에 대한 중요도-성취도 분석

이 연구는 IPA기법을 활용하여 국내 프로축구경기장 서비스스케이프에 대한 중요도와 성취도를 평가하고 비교, 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 창원시, 포항시, 울산시, 부산시에 거주하는 국내 프로축구 관람객 가운데 창원축구센터와 포항스틸야드, 울산종합운동장, 구덕운동장을 방문한 경험이 있는 관중들을 모집단으로 설정한 후 편의표본추출법을 이용하여 총 320명을 표집하였으며, 불성실한 답변으로 판단되는 15부를 제외한 305명의 자료를 실제 분석에 사용하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 25.0 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 설문지 검정을 위해 탐색적 요인분석, Cronbach’s α를 실시하였고, 연구결과를 도출하기 위하여 빈도분석, 대응표본 t-test, IPA를 실시하였다. 이러한 절차를 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내 프로축구 경기장에 따른 중요도 비교 결과, 축구전용구장은 청결성, 경기정보, 편의성, 접근성, 운영요원, 디자인 순으로 나타났으며, 비전용 구장은 청결성, 접근성, 경기정보, 운영요원, 편의성, 디자인 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 국내 프로축구 경기장에 따른 성취도 비교결과, 축구전용구장은 경기정보, 청결성, 편의성, 운영요원, 접근성, 디자인 순으로 나타났으며, 비전용구장은 경기정보, 편의성, 운영요원, 접근성, 청결성, 디자인 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 프로축구 전용경기장의 서비스스케이프에 대한 IPA 결과, Ⅰ사분면은 ‘입장권 확인절차 편리’, ‘안내판을 통해 좌석 찾기 편리’ 등 11가지 속성이 포함되는 것으로 나타났으며, Ⅱ사분면은 ‘화장실의 청결성’, ‘경기장의 주차시설’ 등 3가지 속성이 포함되는 것으로 나타났다. Ⅲ사분면은 ‘경기장의 접근성’, ‘인테리어 및 외관의 매력’ 등 6가지 속성이 포함되었으며, Ⅳ사분면은 ‘입장권 구입시 편리’, ‘매점 이용 편리’ 등 5가지 속성이 포함되는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 프로축구 비전용구장의 서비스스케이프에 대한 IPA 결과, Ⅰ사분면은 ‘경기장의 접근성’, ‘출입구와 통로의 통행’ 등 7가지 속성이 포함되는 것으로 나타났으며, Ⅱ사분면은 ‘입장권 구입시 편리’, ‘입장권 확인절차 편리’ 등 6가지 속성이 포함되는 것으로 나타났다. Ⅲ사분면은 ‘매점 이용 편리’, ‘인테리어 및 외관의 매력’ 등 5가지의 속성이 포함되는 것으로 나타났으며, Ⅳ사분면은 ‘화장실, 안내센터 이용 편리’, ‘경기장의 청결성’ 등 7가지 속성이 포함되는 것으로 나타났다.

Lopta i knjiga kao sistem vrednosti - Milovan Jakšić, život i rad

History is not often fair to some personalities who, in their own right, deserve to be recorded in the memory of a people. What would set Milovan Jaksic apart from any other top athlete and his successes is not significant and greater, but the circumstances in which he achieved world-wide fame and the time in which this was achieved deserve to be a reminder to younger generations. The sooner the result, with which he contributed as a part of the collective, to this day has not been surpassed in domestic football. In addition to the sporting success by which he is most recognized, until recently, in recent circles, and for the last ten or so years, work aims to look back on life and work after his sports career. It is related to the interests and aspirations of Jakšić from his boyhood days, and they are related to the book, which is especially significant from the aspect of correlation of sport and education. Also interesting is the human side of the famous goalkeeper, who came to the fore during difficult moments during World War II. Given that we, as a people, are committed to tradition, this work will also look at several major anniversaries associated with this man that are significant to national sports history. In the absence of literature, the paper relies on several monographic publications, as well as on newspaper articles and works of material from the Archives of Yugoslavia.

Why the men's UEFA Champions League reduces competitive balance in domestic football leagues: an empirical study of the French league

This paper provides some empirical foundation in support of the observation that the men's UEFA Champions League (CL) reduces competitive balance in domestic football leagues. It relies on the assumption that clubs' optimal budgets result from win-maximising strategies, accounting for similarly driven budget decisions from competitors in the domestic league and are thus ultimately determined through a Nash equilibrium process. Using a panel of 23 professional French clubs over nine consecutive seasons (2004/2005-2012/2013), we estimate such optimal budgets, and measure the extent to which access to the Champions League amplifies budget inequalities between clubs. Our results suggest that the CL amplifies inequalities by a magnitude significantly larger than the direct income received from UEFA for participating in the CL.