Domestic Agriculture Research Articles

Problems and perspectives of development of Russian turkey breeding

Turkey breeding as an independent branch of domestic poultry farming is currently one of the most promising areas of agriculture. Over the past decades, there has been an active growth in demand for the products of this sector, which entails a proportionate increase in the share of enterprises specializing in turkey breeding. The intensification of turkey breeding in Russia has led to the need to structure and standardize technological processes by developing a narrowly focused regulatory framework. In addition, the problem of ensuring the epizootic well-being of turkey farms also remains relevant today. Regular vaccination is the main measure of veterinary control, which limits or completely stops the dissemination of infections between farms. This article highlights statistical data that most fully reflect the dynamics of turkey farming development in our country; studies the existing regulatory framework governing the stages of poultry production; and also touches upon issues of specific prevention of a number of the most economically significant infectious diseases of birds.

Choice of landscape discretisation method affects the inferred rate of spread in wildlife disease spread models

Disease modelling at the livestock-wildlife interface is an important topic for which discrete-space models are used for the wildlife component. One prominent example is African Swine Fever, where wild boar play an influential role as reservoirs of disease spillover into domestic pig farms. In this paper, we present a simulation study that demonstrates the impact of seemingly arbitrary choices of landscape discretisation method on the inferred rate of spread within the model. We use an ordinary differential equation model to implement a simplified model of disease transmission between discrete groups of wild boar with spillover into domestic pig farms contained within a homogeneous landscape. We examine a range of scenarios whereby the landscape is discretised into wild boar patches of varying size and shape, and compare the rate of spread between domestic pig farms placed at fixed points on the landscape. Our results demonstrate a non-monotonic relationship between patch size and rate of spread, which is particularly unstable and unpredictable for square and triangular shaped patches. Discretisation of the landscape into hexagons appears to produce a more stable relationship between patch size and rate of spread for the three types of transmission kernel we investigated. Although the rate of disease spread does converge to a stable value, this occurs at patch sizes that are much smaller than would be used in practice for wild boar. We conclude that outputs of disease models containing a wildlife component should not be considered to be robust to arbitrary choices for patch size and placement, but rather as a source of uncertainty to be examined using sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, we strongly recommend the use of hexagons rather than squares or right triangles for landscape discretisation.

The Intersection of Ableism, Domestic Colonialism and Statistics in Britain from Bentham to Galton

Statistics, ableism and domestic colonialism were inextricably intertwined in Britain over the long nineteenth century, based on both engineering people deemed to be “backward” and improving “waste” land, which together were used to justify farm colonies for the disabled, bookended by two key moments. The first is Sir John Sinclair's introduction of descriptive statistics into the English language in order to provide a foundation for domestic colonization which, as the founding president of the British Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement, he promoted. He also enlisted Jeremy Bentham, who published his own domestic colonization plan (massive pauper panopticons on waste land) rooted in the statistics of his pauper population table. The second key moment occurs at the beginning of the twentieth century, when Sir Francis Galton develops key statistical arithmetic methods as the foundation for eugenics and his defense of compulsory segregation of the mentally disabled into domestic farm colonies.

Market restructuring of agribusiness in Russia as a trigger for rapid economic growth

Abstract In the period of political tension and instability of the international economic system, the agricultural sector of Russia continues to demonstrate progressive growth and is characterized by a favorable investment climate. In many respects, this circumstance in modern conditions is facilitated by scientific research and development of an innovative and technological nature, stimulating the accelerated development of domestic agriculture, due to which there is a favorable impact on the growth of the competitive component of the industry. Modern Russian agribusiness is one of the most intensive and highly promising points for the integration of digital innovations. For the steady growth of this sphere, it is essential to provide it with high-quality material, technical, infrastructural and innovative resources for its functioning. The studied sphere of economic activity of the country conservatively includes the primary function of ensuring national food security and independence, as a result of which the state actively attaches great importance due to the influence of a set of certain factors that make agriculture unstable and extremely vulnerable. The main goal of the digital modernization of agribusiness in Russia is to provide agricultural producers with state-of-the-art technologies, as well as to digitalize management, marketing and sales activities. The digital transformation of the agricultural sector should be carried out on a comprehensive, targeted and systematic basis based on target indicators and indicators, as well as be directed to core and secondary areas of the sphere. The integration of digital innovations into agribusiness in Russia will contribute to the active and breakthrough development of not only the agro-industrial complex, but also related industries.

The state of domestic agriculture: The Mari El Republic case

Subject. The article considers actual problems of agriculture in the Russian Federation on the Mari El Republic case. Objectives. The purpose is to identify and assess the condition of agriculture in the Mari El Republic to identify current problems. Methods. The study employs various research methods, like synthesis, analysis, comparison, induction, and deduction. Results. We investigated the key problems of agriculture, like aging infrastructure, the outflow of population from rural areas to cities, a decrease in the number of investments, a shortage of personnel, and others. Furthermore, we examined modern ways of support: financing, subsidies, support for entrepreneurs, improving access to medical and educational services. The paper considers the main theoretical features in the field of economics and agriculture, analyzes statistical material presented by Rosstat. Conclusions. The study suggests specific qualitative measures, i.e. the development of agricultural entrepreneurs’ culture, increased subsidies, improving the agricultural education, R&D, and innovation in this industry.

Benefits and costs of measures to tackle the outbreak of African swine fever in Sweden

A common rule in many countries for mitigating the damage caused by African swine fever (ASF) is to eradicate the virus at the outbreak in order to prevent its dispersal and the associated social costs of depopulating infected domestic pigs. The economic performance of this practice, as measured by five different evaluation criteria (net present value, benefit-cost ratio, rate of return, internal rate of return, and payback time), depends on the type of control cost and the spatial and dynamic allocation of benefits, i.e. avoided losses from infected domestic pig farms. The present paper calculates the direct and indirect costs of immediate control measures during an ASF outbreak in wild boars in Mid Sweden. The direct costs include expenses incurred for surveillance, laboratory tests, depopulation of wild boar etc., while the indirect costs are borne by firms and people in the area in relation to movement restrictions. The calculations showed that the total cost of control measures amounted to 28 million euros, with indirect costs making up 40% of this figure. The benefits were greatly dependent on the speed of ASF dispersal and assumptions about pig farmers’ investment responses, which implied large variations in each of the five evaluation criteria.

Swinepox virus: an unusual outbreak in free-range pig farms in Sicily (Italy)

BackgroundTwo outbreaks of swinepox were investigated in free-range domestic pig farms located in the northeastern side of Sicily, Italy. The disease is generally self-limiting with a low mortality rate, but morbidity can reach high rates in case of poor sanitary conditions, improper husbandry practices and ectoparasitic infestation. The presented cases are the first ever reported on the island and part of the few cases reported in domestic pigs.Case presentationCarcasses condemned at the slaughterhouse and deceased pigs from Farm A and Farm B respectively, were referred for post-mortem examination and further investigations, with a strong suspect of SwinePox virus (SWPV) infection. Twelve deceased pigs were examined in total, showing poor body condition and pustular lesions scattered all over the cutaneous surfaces. Moreover, pigs from Farm B showed ocular lesions classified from Grade I to IV (from mild conjunctivitis to severe keratoconjunctivitis with corneal oedema, opacity, and ulcers). Final diagnosis was pursued by the microscopic assessment of skin lesions in both farms, which revealed the typical SWPV-lesion appearance, such as severe and disseminated ulcerative dermatitis and suspected inclusion bodies multifocally observed in the epidermis. Moreover, negative staining Electron Microscopy (nsEM) was performed on skin lesions and ocular swabs from Farm B, revealing in two samples the presence of brick-shaped viral particles, 220 nm long and 160 nm wide, with irregularly arranged surface tubules, identified as SWPV. The gene encoding the 482-bp fragment of the virus late transcription factor–3 was detected by PCR and sequencing revealed 99.79% identity and 100% query-cover with a strain previously isolated in Germany. Field clinical assessment was then performed in Farm B, revealing high overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions and improper husbandry practices, which are relevant risk factors for SWPV transmission.ConclusionsThe present is the first case report of SWPV in free-range pigs raised in Sicily, an island of the Southern coast of Italy, and wants to raise awareness on a neglected disease, and cause of animal health and welfare issues.

Микробная биофортификация злаковых культур: перспективы и текущее развитие

Hidden hunger is a significant social issue in numerous countries worldwide, causing the development of nutrition-related diseases among populations annually. Biofortification offers a sustainable solution as it combines methods of cross-breeding, genetic engineering, agriculture, and microbiology. The authors reviewed international studies in the field of microbial biofortification in order to assess the microbial potential to enh ance the essential element content in grain crops. The review featured relevant scientific articles published by foreign experts in Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar in 1984–2024. The keywords included biofortification, wheat, rice, oats, growth stimulation, antagonism, and phytopathogen. The sources were processed in Zotero and VOSviewer. Nitrogen fixation and nutrient solubilization are the main mechanisms of microbial biofortification. Solubilization occurs as a synthesis of organic and inorganic acids, protons, siderophores, extracellular enzymes, and other secondary metabolites. Microorganisms can improve the expression of plant genes in terms of absorption and nutrient accumulation. They also affect root systems, facilitating the extraction of nutrients from the soil. The authors summarized laboratory and field studies on microbial biofortification of rice, wheat, and barley with iron, selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Biofortified growth-promoting microorganisms are a sustainable, reliable, and cost-effective approach to food security and hidden hunger issues. The review offers relevant information that can be used to develop new microbial preparations for the domestic agriculture.

Identification of Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cyst in of the samples of raw surface water of Kan River in Tehran

Background: Giardia and Cryptosporidium are considered the most important causal agents of non-bloody diarrhea, especially among primary school children, in many countries, including Iran. Many rivers are contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia lamblia cysts due to domestic wastewater or farm wastewater and also the living of rodents on their margins. The present study aims to evaluate Kan River contamination with Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cyst in Tehran by molecular method. Materials and Methods: Sampling was conducted from different parts of the Kan River in different seasons in 2019. Firstly, the smear has been prepared from sediments after filtering the water and collecting the sediment, stained with trichrome and acid-fast methods, and finally examined microscopically. Then, they were amplified with the Nested-PCR method by using the specific primers: the giardian gene from Giardia and the 18s rRNA gene from Cryptosporidium. Positive samples were sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was drawn. Results: 12 suspected samples of Giardia cyst and 2 suspected samples of Cryptosporidium oocyst were detected, but only 4 samples infected with Giardia lamblia were molecularly found, and no Cryptosporidium infection was observed. In terms of genotype, the identified Giardia was 100% consistent with human isolates of genotype B. Conclusion: The presence of Giardia lamblia cysts in the water of the Kan River indicates the contamination of this river by human-contaminating parasites.

Indicators of the mineral metabolism of sows during the reproductive cycle

Over the past decade, domestic pig farming has undergone significant changes in breeding and genetic work related to the breeding of highly productive breeding stock. Their reproductive ability and metabolic state of health depend on an adequate supply of macro- and microelements. Dynamic changes in mineral homeostasis are used as one of the diagnostic criteria for a full-fledged metabolic status. These indicators are homeoresistive for the animal body, and their dynamics can serve as constant in the development of methods for the diagnosis, prevention and prediction of animal diseases of various etiologies. The purpose of this study was to study the dynamics of sow mineral homeostasis during the breeding cycle, depending on the further course of the postpartum period. Studies of blood parameters were performed in the conditions of an industrial complex on the main sows. Blood was taken from the jugular vein during the reproductive cycle: background (before insemination), on the 30th and 80th day of pregnancy, after childbirth. After farrowing, the sows, according to the results of a clinical examination, were divided into two groups of 10 animals each: the remaining clinically healthy and those with postpartum diseases (endometritis, postpartum dysgalactia). As a result of a comparative analysis, identical dynamics of mineral indicators were established throughout the reproductive cycle in animals that remained healthy and became ill with postpartum diseases. In the blood serum of sows with postpartum pathology, there is a lower level of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and an increased content of phosphorus. The greatest tension in mineral metabolism between diseased animals and the remaining healthy ones is observed after childbirth.

African swine fever virus DNA is present in non-biting flies collected from outbreak farms in Romania

BackgroundAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe haemorrhagic disease of Suidae, with mortalities that approach 100 percent. Several studies suggested the potential implication of non-biting dipterans in the spread of ASFV in pig farms due to the identification of the ASFV DNA. However, to our knowledge, no study has evaluated the viral DNA load in non-biting dipterans collected in outbreak farms and no risk factors have been analysed. In this context, our study aimed to analyse the risk factors associated with the presence of non-biting dipterans collected from ASF outbreaks in relation to the presence and load of viral DNA.MethodsBackyard farms (BF), type A farms (TAF), and commercial farms (CF), were targeted for sampling in 2020. In 2021, no BF were sampled. Each farm was sampled only once. The identification of the collected flies to family, genus, or species level was performed based on morphological characteristics using specific keys and descriptions. Pools were made prior to DNA extraction. All extracted DNA was tested for the presence of the ASFV using a real-time PCR protocol. For this study, we considered every sample with a CT value of 40 as positive. The statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info 7 software (CDC, USA).ResultsAll collected non-biting flies belonged to five families: Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Fanniidae, Drosophilidae, and Muscidae. Of the 361 pools, 201 were positive for the presence of ASFV DNA. The obtained CT values of the positive samples ranged from 21.54 to 39.63, with a median value of 33.59 and a mean value of 33.56. Significantly lower CT values (corresponding to higher viral DNA load) were obtained in Sarcophagidae, with a mean value of 32.56; a significantly higher number of positive pools were noticed in August, mean value = 33.12.ConclusionsOur study brings compelling evidence of the presence of the most common synanthropic flies near domestic pig farms carrying ASFV DNA, highlighting the importance of strengthening the biosecurity measures and protocols for prevention of the insect life cycle and distribution.Graphical

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitoses among residents of Ekemkpon and Idim Ita of Cross River State, Nigeria

Background: intestinal parasitic infections are the most common infections in the world, with the most prevalent burden occurring in poverty-stricken areas. Intestinal parasitic infections are endemic in certain parts of Nigeria as a result of poor hygiene practices and pollution, which result in contamination of food and water. In semi-urban and rural communities where the dwellers are generally poor and uneducated and lack basic amenities like potable water supply and good sanitary facilities, intestinal parasitic infections cause major health problems. This study was to evaluate the influence of socio-demographic factors in the transmission of intestinal parasitoses among the residents of Ekemkpon and Idim Ita Communities of Cross River State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: this was a cross-sectional survey between April 2019 and August 2019. Samples were obtained from 359 participants in the study areas and examined for stool analysis using direct microscopy and brine floatation technique. Socio-demographic data of the study subjects were obtained using questionnaires. Results: the prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in Ekemkpon (41.0%) than in Idim Ita (14.9%). Participants with mixed infections in Ekemkpon were 7.9%, while those in Idim Ita were 2.2%. The study has shown that level of education had an influence on the transmission of intestinal parasites in Ekemkpon (p<0.05). Open defecation played a major role as a source of contamination of domestic water and farm products in the Ekemkpon community. The overall helminthic infections in the two study areas were higher than the protozoan infections observed in this study. The only intestinal protozoa in Ekemkpon was Entamoeba histolytica/dispar while hookworm species were the commonest helminthic parasites in Ekemkpon. Balantidium coli (4.4%) was the most prevalent intestinal protozoan parasites in Idim Ita while hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides (2.8%) were the most occurring helminthic parasites in Idim Ita. Conclusions: it is recommended that strategies aimed at health education, diagnosing and treating those positive for intestinal parasite infections, and improving the general well-being of the masses be encouraged.

Potential long-term, global effects of enhancing the domestic terrestrial carbon sink in the United States through no-till and cover cropping

BackgroundAchieving a net zero greenhouse gas United States (US) economy is likely to require both deep sectoral mitigation and additional carbon dioxide removals to offset hard-to-abate emissions. Enhancing the terrestrial carbon sink, through practices such as the adoption of no-till and cover cropping agricultural management, could provide a portion of these required offsets. Changing domestic agricultural practices to optimize carbon content, however, might reduce or shift US agricultural commodity outputs and exports, with potential implications on respective global markets and land use patterns. Here, we use an integrated energy-economy-land-climate model to comprehensively assess the global land, trade, and emissions impacts of an adoption of domestic no-till farming and cover cropping practices based on carbon pricing.ResultsWe find that the adoption of these practices varies depending on which aspects of terrestrial carbon are valued. Valuation of all terrestrial carbon resulted in afforestation at the expense of domestic agricultural production. In contrast, a policy valuing soil carbon in agricultural systems specifically indicates strong adoption of no-till and cover cropping for key crops.ConclusionsWe conclude that under targeted terrestrial carbon incentives, adoption of no-till and cover cropping practices in the US could increase the terrestrial carbon sink with limited effects on crop availability for food and fodder markets. Future work should consider integrated assessment modeling of non-CO2 greenhouse gas impacts, above ground carbon storage changes, and capital and operating cost considerations.

Effects of water protection measures in agriculture on the environmental impacts of the Swiss food sector

European agro-environmental policy aims to reduce agricultural emissions of nutrients and pesticides into water, yet these goals remain unmet. Voluntary direct payments schemes aim to steer farmers towards emission-reducing practices. We assessed the environmental impacts of stricter direct payment regulations: Farmers who want to receive direct payments a) have to produce pesticide-free and b) have to reduce their livestock numbers to their own farm's feed production capacity. We compared the environmental impacts of the Swiss agricultural sector in three direct payment scenarios with the status quo. We addressed the trade-offs between domestic production and imports, and between target and other environmental impacts.While freshwater ecotoxicity within Switzerland would decrease considerably due to reduced pesticide use, aquatic eutrophication caused by domestic agriculture would remain similar to the status quo. However, increased import amounts would more than offset the domestic environmental improvements. Eutrophication, particularly caused by imported meat, would increase strongly, as would deforestation and water scarcity. Our paper shows that the improvement of water quality in Switzerland has to be bought with partly considerable trade-offs in the countries of origin of imported products, showing the need for complementary measures such as reducing food waste or changing consumption patterns.

Peculiarities of investment and innovation potential in the assessment of the development of agribusiness enterprises

Three main criteria of investment-innovation potential of agricultural sector enterprises are identified: investment-innovation potential is a set of resources necessary for investment-innovation activities; investment and innovation potential is primarily related to the possibility and conditions (both internal and external) of using resources; investment and innovation potential should be aimed at the optimal use of investment and innovation resources to ensure the effective operation of this development subject. This allows for the identification of resource, organizational, economic and performance components that are key components of investment and innovation opportunities. A step-by-subject characterization of the investment-innovation potential of agro-industrial complex enterprises and a methodology for assessing the investment-innovation potential have been developed, which allows to qualitatively assess the investment-innovation potential of agricultural and processing enterprises (including special groups of indicators that take into account the specifics of their activities) and evaluate and compare them among themselves. It is proved that the inactivity of agricultural commodity producers in mastering the achievements of science and technology is due to the lack of a developed intermediate connection between science and production, which provides the most complete information about the modern achievements of science and technology to producers of raw materials. According to the results of the conducted research, it was established that at the current stage of development in domestic agriculture, the main subjects of innovative infrastructure can become agricultural technology parks and information and consulting centers, which are part of a single information and consulting service. Considering the peculiarities of the domestic agro-industrial complex, it is considered most expedient to create an agro-technological park in the form of a non-commercial partnership, which will contribute to the integration of multifaceted resources. organizations, mainly highly efficient agricultural commodity producers and educational establishments of higher education institutions, capable of carrying out innovative activities to achieve a common goal - innovative development of the agrarian sector of the economy. Agrotechnoparks should be created based on the product base, that is, their activities should be aimed at innovative development of agricultural production and the development of certain types of products. Agrotechnopark can be considered as a set of administrative, production, educational, research and marketing divisions.

In Vitro Anti-Rotaviral Activity of Bavachin Isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae).

Rotavirus is the main causative agent of viral gastroenteritis among young animals worldwide. Currently, no clinically approved or effective antiviral drugs are available to combat rotavirus infections. Herein, we evaluated the anti-rotaviral activities of extracts and bavachin isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae) (P. corylifolia) against the bovine rotavirus G8P[7] and porcine rotavirus G5P[7] in vitro. Two assay strategies were performed: (1) a virucidal assay to reduce viral infectivity by virus neutralization and (2) a post-treatment assay to assess viral replication suppression. The results from the virucidal assay showed that the extracts and bavachin did not exert anti-rotaviral activities. In the follow-up analysis after treatment, bavachin exhibited robust antiviral efficacy, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 10.6 μM (selectivity index [SI] = 2.38) against bovine rotavirus G8P[7] and 13.0 μM (SI = 1.94) against porcine rotavirus G5P[7]. Bavachin strongly suppressed viral RNA synthesis in the early (6 h) and late stages (18 h) after rotaviral infection. These findings strongly suggest that bavachin may have hindered the virions by effectively inhibiting the early stages of the virus replication cycle after rotaviral infection. Furthermore, confocal imaging showed that bavachin suppressed viral protein synthesis, notably that of the rotaviral protein (VP6). These results suggest that bavachin has strong antiviral activity against rotaviruses, inhibits viral replication, and is a candidate natural therapeutic drug targeting rotaviral infection. The utilization of bavachin isolated from P. corylifolia may contribute to decreased mortality rates, lower medication expenses, and enhanced economic viability in domestic farms.

Unraveling the complexity! Exploring asymmetries in climate change, political globalization, and food security in the case of Pakistan

Climate change and global politics pose potential threats to food security by impacting crop productivity and food availability. Short-term variability resulting from climate change and global politics may disrupt the stability of entire food systems. The regional implications of these factors remain uncertain, prompting this study to investigate the relationship between climate change, global politics, global inflation, and food security. Using time series data spanning from 1981 to 2021, the Non-linear Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (NARDL) approach was used to examine the asymmetric effects of political globalization (proxied by political globalization) and environmental change (proxied by CO2 and Mean Temperature) on food security. Our findings indicate that mean temperature (MT), CO2 emissions, and political globalization (POLG) had an asymmetrical effect on food security as CO2_POS, CO2_NEG, and MT_POS, MT_NEG had a positive relationship with food security while POLG_POS, POLG_NEG had a negative relationship with food security. The current research proposes that Pakistan needs a holistic approach to address climate and food security, including sustainable farming, water management, climate-resilient infrastructure, social safety nets, and local food production. Government subsidies and incentives can encourage heat-tolerant crop cultivation, while international collaboration and alliances are needed to strengthen domestic agriculture, invest in research, implement social safety nets, and manage exchange rate fluctuations.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПТИЦЕВОДСТВА В РОССИИ

The article notes that poultry farming is one of the most dynamically developing branches of agriculture, providing the country's population with protein foods: eggs and poultry meat. The high dietary qualities of these types of food make poultry farming a priority, and a high level of economic efficiency – strategic branches of agriculture. The article describes measures for the development of poultry farming in the Russian Federation, as well as priority areas in the development of global and domestic poultry farming. The analysis of the current state of poultry farming in Russia is carried out, the problems of the industry at the present stage are identified, and the forecast of the development of the poultry industry is given.

Content of Toxic Elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead) in Eggs from an Ethically Managed Laying Hen Farm.

Domestic chicken farming has been promoted and spread in several Italian municipalities and worldwide as an aid to the self-consumption of domestically produced food. This study investigated the levels of four toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in eggs from an ethical laying hen farm, comparing the element concentrations with those possibly present in supermarket eggs. A total of 201 eggs, 141 from the farm and produced by different hen genotypes, and 60 from the supermarket, were collected. The levels of the toxic elements were evaluated in the yolk, albumen, and eggshells of all eggs. The results show that the supermarket eggs' yolk and albumen were more contaminated with lead, compared to the rural eggs. Contrarily, the mean content of arsenic was higher in the albumen and eggshells of the rural eggs, compared to the supermarket eggs. The cadmium content was below the LOQ (0.005 mg/kg) in all samples. The mercury content was below or around the LOQ in all rural eggs. Overall, the supermarket egg albumens were significantly more contaminated than the rural ones. No significant differences were found in quality parameters for both types of eggs. The toxic element values that were detected were in line with other studies in the literature. However, despite the concentrations found not representing a risk to the consumers' health, the results of this study raise a potential food safety issue, and it would be desirable to set specific MRLs for eggs for consumers' protection.

Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov and the Russian National Research School of Agrochemistry

The paper emphasizes the pivotal role played by Academician Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov in the history of domestic agriculture development. His name is indelibly associated with the introduction of the agriculture chemicalization concept in 1924. Being a follower of such scientists as J.B. Boussingault, D.I. Mendeleev, and K.A. Timiryazev, Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov not only proposed the chemicalization principle but also formed a comprehensive research program for its implementation. Moreover, he created necessary educational conditions for specialists and courageously defended his doctrine against the criticism of his opponents in the 1930-1950s. (Research purpose) The paper aims to analyze the scientific heritage and biography of Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov in the context of the domestic agriculture chemicalization. (Materials and methods) The analysis relies on scrutinizing scientific monographs, legal documents, and other publications utilizing biographical, chronological, genetic and typological methods of historical and scientific research. ( ) The findings show that Pryanishnikov’s significance in the history of science stems from both his personal research achievements and his foundational role in establishing the domestic tradition of agrochemistry. This influence was evident in his organizational and pedagogical performance. The study identifies two distinct generations of direct students and followers of this eminent agricultural chemist. (Conclusions) Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov elevated agrochemistry in our country to a systematic discipline, rightfully earning recognition as the founder of the national scientific school. Contemporary researchers, who maintain academic and ideological continuity with him, persist in advancing scientific efforts to support the chemicalization of agriculture. In doing so, they make significant contributions to the nation’s food security and enhance fundamental knowledge about living organisms.