Domestic Expert Research Articles

Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the development of territorial communities

The agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is one of the most relevant segments of the national economy, which provides an adequate level of food security of the regions and the state as a whole, as well as forms a significant amount of domestic expert material. However, institutional miscalculations of the state, underestimation of the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of domestic and foreign food markets, as well as ignoring the role of local governments and civil society institutions in rural development, led to agricultural enrichment, dominance of small-scale production, lack of motivation for integrated development formations, and depopulation of rural areas. The essence of modern EU agricultural policy in the third millennium and the need for our country to join it are studied. Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the integrated development of territorial communities in the context of decentralization of power are developed. The multifaceted nature of the process of functioning of agro-industrial production in the direction of ensuring the development of communities determines the influence of a significant number of factors. Generalizing scientific approaches in this area, all factors can be combined into several aggregate groups: production, consumption, social, institutional, and environmental orientation. The proposed methodological approaches to assessing such impact, in addition, provide an opportunity to develop areas for long-term mutually beneficial development of the entities in this system. The purpose of such promising parameters should be to develop mechanisms to ensure the production of high-quality food products, primarily for domestic consumption; to improve the level and quality of life of rural residents; to improve the system of management of territorial communities and formation of effective schemes of their interaction with business entities; to stimulate the activity of the population of the territories as a locomotive of these processes; to ensure the improvement of the ecological condition of settlements and environmental protection.

Addressing the Сompetence of Experts and Specialists in the Light of Provisions of ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and International Experience in Applying Specialized Knowledge

The purpose of the study is to reflect differences in approaches to determining the competence of experts and specialists in domestic forensic expertise and based on international standards for forensic examination. According to the international standard, ISO/IEC 17025:2017 “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories”, competence is determined by the demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and/or skills and personal qualities. An attempt has been made to adapt this formulation to the realities of the Russian forensic activities. Also – based on a standard approach – consideration has been given to the issue of specialized knowledge in the field of trades and crafts, as well as opportunities to determine the level of expertise have been discussed considering two possible professional situations: individuals who have passed state certification procedures relating to their trades or crafts, and individuals working in their trades or crafts without having received such certification. International standards for forensic examination and comments thereto, foreign expert practice, publications on domestic forensic expertise and the procedural codes of the Russian Federation have served as materials for the research. The methods of the general theory of forensic examination have been used in the process of research, which are comparative analysis, abstraction and modeling and legal analysis. Regarding people with special knowledge the international standard ISO/IEC 17025:2017 “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories” demonstrates the breadth and universality of an approach to their competent activity. What is important here is the demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and/or skills, as shown by a specialist or expert at the time of competence assessment or verification within the framework of forensic laboratory accreditation. A situation when there is equality of knowledge and/or skills and personal qualities can be adapted (to some extent and without significant adjustments) to the Russian realities in forensic activities. For example, in areas of application of specialized knowledge such as skilled trades or crafts or in narrowly specialized or rare spheres of human activity. The various formulations of the term “competence” contain one unchanging feature – the obligatory verification of the level of knowledge and skills. The mechanisms that have been developed through practice to verify the competence of experts and specialists can be supplemented by the capabilities provided by standards. Assessing an expert’s competence taking into account the processes of standardization in forensic activities, currently pending updates to legislation on forensic activities in the Russian Federation and also foreign experience in the application of specialized knowledge in courts of the USA, will contribute to the formation of an integrated position of the Russian expert community and a better implementation of standardization into domestic science, as well as of the unification of rules for the forensic expert activity.

ISSUE OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF VICTIMS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN MODERN SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL DISCOURSE

The article is devoted to the problem of forensic psychological evaluation of victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence has become one of the most urgent social problems of the modern Ukrainian family. It is emphasized that analysis of modern domestic expert practice testifies absence of the appropriate expert methodology developed and approved by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine for performing psychological examination in the criminal implementations stipulated by article 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
 The purpose of the article is to determine the outcomes of forensic expert activity in the context of the problem of forensic psychological evaluation of of domestic violence victims.
 The necessity of optimization of methodical provision of expert activity concerning victims of domestic violence based on: determining domestic violence as a phenomenon with complex pluricausal nature; isolating the concepts of “quarrel”, “conflict”, “violence”; differentiating the types of domestic violence; understanding the immediate and remote consequences of domestic violence; analyzing individual- psychological characteristics of violence victims. The initial positions of the expert’s work on the forensic psychological examination of victims of domestic violence based on the principles that in general determine the construction of a psychodiagnostic research are substantiated: methodical restriction; mutual verification and comparison of the results; necessity-sufficiency; interconnection of the capabilities of the diagnostic toolkit and the depth of sensing of psychic reality. It is noted that the considered problem is at the initial stage of theoretical research and practical implementation in modern expert activity.
 The identified starting positions of expert activity in the context of the problem of forensic psychological examination of victims of domestic violence can be the basis for substantiating and implementing the relevant expert technique.

ISSUES OF CONTEMPORARY STATE OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS

The problem of determining the limits of competence of a forensic psychiatrist expert and a psychologist expert, the principles of interaction of law, forensic psychiatry and psychology in modern domestic expert practice remain relevant to the present day. The current legislation of Ukraine regulates expert compliance with the limits of competence. In jurisprudence and psychiatry, the issue of the definition of the concept of “insanity” is currently debatable, since the so-called “formula of insanity” contains medical (biological) and psychological (legal) criteria.
 This article purpose The purpose of this paper: presenting of the author's systemic model of ascertaining insanity, which delimits the competences of lawyers and an expert psychiatrist; A written description of the psychiatric criteria (diagnostic, criticality and anamnestic) of determining the mental state of a person in a legally relevant period of time is given; The definition of the concept of “insanity” is formulated.
 No less urgent is the problem of further improvement and bringing into compliance of certain paragraphs the Procedure for conducting a forensic psychiatric examination of the current legislation of Ukraine and departmental regulatory acts governing the organization of forensic expert activity in state specialized expert institutions. Separate provisions of the Procedure for conducting a forensic psychiatric examination, which can create significant difficulties in the work of a forensic psychiatrist, are analyzed, and appropriate proposals are made to change the content of problematic provisions in the specified regulatory document.

Banking Reforms in India with Special Reference to Digital Banking

Banking sector is an important part of the financial system of any country. Through this article an attempt is made to focus on the changes that have taken in different phases in the banking sector in India. The article highlights that the banking sector reform was undertaken early in the reform cycle in India. The changes were not driven by any crisis. The reforms have not been an outcome of multilateral aid. The design and detail of the modification were evolved by domestic expertise; though international experience is always kept in view. The banking sector is the lifeline of any modern economy. It is one of the important pillars of the financial system, which plays a vital role in the success/failure of an economy. Banks are one of the oldest financial intermediaries in the financial system. Through this discussion we try to highlight the different functions carried out by the Commercial banks in India. Also we have made an attempt to give an eyes view of the present setup in the Commercial Banking sector in India with special reference to Digital Banking.

Актуальні проблеми вітчизняної судової товарознавчої експертизи

Актуальні проблеми вітчизняної судової товарознавчої експертизи

Real Domesticity

Real Domesticity

Актуальні проблеми вітчизняної судової товарознавчої експертизи

Актуальні проблеми вітчизняної судової товарознавчої експертизи

ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION SAFETY OF CHILLED MEAT USING THE METHOD OF ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE

In the world practice, the radiation technologies for food product processing are extensively used; with that, free radicals are found in products. Scientists have not made a final conclusion about the complete safety of the method of radiation sterilization, so it is very important to control irradiated food products to determine a fact of irradiation and residual effects. The experimental data obtained on the domestic spectrometer EPR series Labrador Expert X, which was developed by Spektr LLC with the assistance of the research team of the authors from the Institute of Natural Sciences of UrFU named after Yeltsin B. N., indicate the presence of free radicals in the samples of boneless beef, which is probably associated with °Ccurrence of ante-mortem technological and slaughter stress in animals. Irradiation of the chicken meat samples carried out in laboratory conditions allows a comparison of the spectra before and after irradiation. The dose of irradiation of poultry was 12 kGy. This dose was selected based on the practice of recognizing the radiation doses of 10-12 kGy as safe, which was established in many countries. It was found that in the range of the magnetic fields from 3272 to 3280 Gs, there was a weak EPR signal with an amplitude of 7.28 e-05 and D less than 1. Such a background signal can be explained by stress in the birds, peculiarities of feeding and other factors. After irradiation at a dose of 12 kGy, the ESR signal increased in the range of the magnetic fields from 3273 to 3286 Gs and D was higher than 1. This technology or, in other words, radappertization, is an industrial sterilization of food products for long storage at positive temperatures, which precludes re-contamination by microorganisms. After irradiation, the fivefold increase in the amplitude of the ESR signal was observed and two additional signals with small amplitude appeared. The fact of irradiation/absence of irradiation of the samples was also confirmed by calculation according to GOST R 52529-2006. The need for further research of meat and meat products by the EPR method is obvious: to determine a fact of sterilization or radurization, to determine a radiation dose, to accumulate reliably established information on radiation sensitivity and to develop a methodological base for the use of an EPR spectrometer.

The application of osteoscintigraphy in forensic medical practice for the detection and differentiation of bone fractures in the living human

This paper is designed to present an example from the domestic expert practice with the successful application of the radionuclide technique to visualize the bone lesions in a victim of a traffic accident having concomitant pathology of the osseous-articular apparatus (Scheuermann-Mau disease). The use of the osteoscintigraphic method made it possible not only to confirm the injury to the spinal column and the sternum but also to ensure its differential diagnostics from the concurrent pathology. Also, the method allowed to detect the exact location of the fractures. Moreover, it proved possible to comprehensively characterize the mechanism underlying the bone fracture resulting from the car accident.

Leveraging existing information for use in a National Nuclear Forensics Library (NNFL)

A National Nuclear Forensics Library (NNFL) assists a State to assess whether nuclear material encountered out of regulatory control is of domestic or international origin. By leveraging nuclear material registries, nuclear enterprise records, and safeguards accountancy information, as well as existing domestic technical capability and subject-matter domain expertise, states can better assess the effort required for setting up an NNFL. States who are largely recipients of nuclear and radiological materials and have no internal production capabilities may create an NNFL that relies on existing information rather than carry out advanced analyses on domestic materials.

Digital housekeepers and domestic expertise in the networked home

This article examines the distribution of expertise in the performance of ‘digital housekeeping’ required to maintain a networked home. It considers the labours required to maintain a networked home, the forms of digital expertise that are available and valued in digital housekeeping, and ways in which expertise is gendered in distribution amongst household members. As part of this discussion, we consider how digital housekeeping implicitly situates technology work within the home in the role of the ‘housekeeper’, a term that is complicated by gendered sensitivities. Digital housework, like other forms of domestic labour, contributes to identity and self-worth. The concept of housework also affords visibility of the digital housekeeper’s enrolment in the project of maintaining the household. This article therefore asks, what is at stake in the gendered distribution of digital housekeeping?

Emerging Powers in International Dispute Settlement: From Legal Capacity Building to a Level Playing Field?

International dispute settlement is often described as a developed country dominated area of legal practice where developing country disputants seek to build legal capacity to level the playing field. The rise of emerging powers challenges this view, but it remains conceptually unclear when emancipation occurs and playing field is levelled. This article assesses China, India and Brazil’s participation in trade and investment dispute settlement against two theoretically-derived ‘basic’ requirements for emancipation: that they have a domestic constituency with legal skills and expertise required for participation, and that they can strategically use the system in place beyond individual cases and proactively advance their policy agendas. This article finds that emerging powers have built domestic expertise within their governments, but foreign lawyers remain crucial for their engagement. The countries engage in legal strategizing in the trade case, but there are political barriers to investment arbitration in Brazil and India. Level playing field debates should take into account levelling in the private sector and examine the disputants’ ability to navigate complex webs of trade and investment governance.

International Organizations as Policy Advisors

AbstractHow can international organizations persuade governments to adopt policy recommendations that are based on private information when their interests conflict? We develop a game-theoretic model of persuasion that applies regardless of regime type and does not rely on the existence of domestic constituency constraints. In the model, an international organization (IO) and a domestic expert have private information about a crisis, but their preferences diverge from those of the government, which must choose whether to delegate decision making to the expert. Persuasion can take place if the international institution is able to send a credible signal. We find that this can take place only if the preferences of the IO and the domestic expert diverge and the institution holds the more moderate policy position. This result contrasts with conventional wisdom, which holds that the necessary condition for IOs to exert influence is support from a domestic constituency with aligned preferences. Our model suggests that, far from being an obstacle to international cooperation, polarized domestic politics may be a necessary condition for IOs to exert effective influence.

Spanish changes are scientific suicide

If research continues to be sidelined, Spain will be left with little domestic expertise, warns Amaya Moro-Martín.

POLICY TRANSFER IN IMMATURE POLICY ENVIRONMENTS: MOTIVES, SCOPE, ROLE MODELS AND AGENTS

SUMMARYThe present study aims to contribute to the existing policy transfer research by examining the immature policy environments of post‐communist countries. To determine the main factors explaining the process of policy transfer, the establishment of probation systems in Estonia and Latvia is analyzed by applying a comparative case study design. The study demonstrates that timing is an important variable in the policy transfer in a transitional setting. A transitional context in itself is likely to lead to policy transfer because of urgent decision‐making needs, a shortage of domestic expertise and of financial resources. The process of policy transfer can be characterized as quite fortuitous: the choice of role models is limited to the existing or first contacts with foreign partners who are able to provide financial assistance. Improvement of administrative capacity is seen as a key factor in the shift from haphazard policy copying to responsible policy transfer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Use of SAR interferometry for monitoring illegal mining activities: A case study at Xishimen Iron Ore Mine

The development and application of the “digital mine” concept in China depends heavily upon the use of remote sensing data as well as domestic expertise and awareness. Illegal mining of mineral resources has been a serious long term problem frustrating the Xishimen Iron Ore Mine management. This mine is located in Wu’an county in Hebei province, China. Illegal activities have led to enormous economic losses by interfering with the normal operation of the Xishimen mine and have ruined the surrounding environment and the stability of the Mahe riverbed the crosses the mined area. This paper is based on field reconnaissance taken over many years around the mine area. The ground survey data are integrated with Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (D-InSAR) results from ALOS/PALSAR data to pinpoint mining locations. By investigating the relationship between the resulting interferometric deformation pattern and the mining schedule, which is known a priori, areas affected by illegal mining activities are identified. To some extent these areas indicate the location of the illegal site. The results clearly demonstrate D-InSAR’s ability to cost-effectively monitor illegal mining activities.

Entertaining Inequalities: Doña Petrona, Juanita Bordoy, and Domestic Work in Mid-Twentieth-Century Argentina

Abstract Over the course of the mid-twentieth century Doña Petrona C. de Gandulfo established herself as Argentina’s leading domestic expert. Her popularity reached new heights when she began broadcasting her cooking lessons on television with her assistant, Juanita Bordoy. In this article, Rebekah Pite explores the model of domestic work portrayed by these two women in comparison to that of other Argentine homemakers and their paid help during the 1950s and 1960s. She does so by drawing from a broad source base that includes oral histories, television programming, cookbooks, magazines, and government and legal documents. She finds that Doña Petrona and Juanita Bordoy’s public interactions were both captivating and open to critique because they enabled others to observe a typically private domestic relationship during a period in which many women’s relationships to domesticity and to paid work were in flux. Pite argues that to understand the tensions surrounding these changes, we must shift our framework and our terminology. While scholars of Latin America have tended to cast domestic work relationships as paternalistic, the bonds of power and affection between Doña Petrona and Juanita Bordoy—and countless other domestic pairs—were (and continue to be) more maternalistic in nature. Her research suggests that middle-class or elite women, as opposed to their male partners, have often taken the lead in negotiating the affective terms of these relationships as well as the work to be done.

State Building through Building for the State: Foreign and Domestic Expertise in Tudor Fortification

Fortification became a geometrical science throughout the sixteenth century, and England struggled with where to find men expert in this new art to build or remodel its defenses. After initially importing and relying on Continental experts under Henry VIII, a tense arrangement, the state later turned to domestic experts who gained experience and hence expertise in the Dutch Wars at the end of the century. Investigating the men to whom the English state turned for fortification expertise, and especially focusing on midcentury debates over the fortifications at Berwick-upon-Tweed, this essay examines the different status of experts-by-experience versus experts-by-knowledge, ultimately leading to a category that offers a better understanding of expertise in general: experts-in-context. Fortifi cation engineers such as Giovanni Portinari and Jacopo Aconcio exemplify early- and midcentury imported foreign expertise, while Thomas Bedwell and Paul Ive represent later domestic experts, although these last two men also highlight the difference between expertise gained through experience versus expertise gained through learning.

Power, Resistance, and Emotional Economies in Women’s Relationships With Mothers-in-Law in Chinese Immigrant Families

This interview study interrogates how cultural values of filial piety inform Chinese American daughters-in-law’s understanding of their relationship and power dynamics with immigrant Chinese American mothers-in-law. Ideals of filial respect accord limited authority to mothers-in-law, who engage other mechanisms of power, such as their domestic expertise. Using the concept of emotional economies, this study finds that this strategy works when daughters-in-law feel gratitude for their mother-in-law’s domestic expertise and child care but not when they resent it as intrusive or unnecessary. Mothers report more conflicts with their mothers-in-law than do childless respondents, and often strike “patriarchal bargains” by enlisting husbands to mediate conflicts on their behalf. Many respondents covertly resist by feigning compliance in the presence of their mother-in-law but disobeying in her absence. These findings suggest scholars should not assume Asian cultural ideals dictate actual family practices or that ritualistic displays of deference indicate powerlessness.