Domestic Environment Research Articles

Foreign and Familiar: Recruitment Pathways of Young People Engaged with Extremism in Australia

It has been established by leaders of the Australian national security community, such as the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation and the Australian Federal Police, that young people are being increasingly recruited into extremism. To date, few Australian studies have examined this issue using primary source data. This article seeks to understand the conditions which may make vulnerable young Australians more susceptible to recruitment, recruitment pathways, and forms of recruitment. To address this, primary sources were consulted, and frontline countering violent extremism (CVE) practitioners were interviewed. It was found that there is no typical pathway for young Australians to be recruited to extremism and that recruitment can be both foreign (informed by transnational networks and organisations) and/or familiar (within the immediate domestic environment of the young person). We identified the continued significance of online vectors, but further established the ongoing relevance and power of offline engagement for the recruitment of young people. Finally, we suggest that multiple intersecting vulnerabilities render young people more susceptible to recruitment, with data that suggests they may be naïve to their being recruited in the first place.

The Shock of Emergencies on Financial Markets and Its Countermeasures

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of major emergencies and their potential impact on the financial market have brought great challenges to the stability and development of the global economy. In this context, it has become an urgent issue to explore how major emergencies affect the financial market and take corresponding measures to deal with them. Through literature research and analysis, this paper concludes the impact of natural disasters, accidents and disasters, public health emergencies and social security emergencies on the financial market respectively, clarifies the transmission path of the impact including the social level, the real economy level and the policy level, and puts forward suggestions for the construction of financial emergency management. That is, to improve the precise prevention and control system, optimize the domestic market environment and the rule of law of financial emergency management rights. The research results are helpful to maintain the stability of the stock market and the overall situation of economic development in major emergencies.

Squeeveillance: Performing Cuteness to Normalise Surveillance Power

Cute videos are everywhere online. Many of these videos increasingly come from footage taken by doorbell cameras. Amazon’s Ring, and related connected camera devices, introduce new sociotechnical relations into domestic environments. First, I outline “squeeveillance” as the affective and performative dimensions of cuteness within surveillance. I explore the Ring surveillant assemblage and why it needs the power of cuteness. Then, I examine squeeveillance as the use of cuteness in the way Ring operates. I use the TV show Ring Nation (2022–present) to discuss the remediation of cute footage from doorbell cameras onto other media, before discussing the ways in which cuteness is performed as a normalisation of surveillance power. The article draws on theories of cuteness in conjunction with surveillance studies of power relations. In presenting squeeveillance as a lens through which to assess the expanding scope of Ring, I offer a discussion of the interconnected role of surveillance in contemporary domestic and media settings and its relation to current forms of power in surveillant assemblages.

Democracy by the “Other”: How Ethiopian Diaspora Communities in Virginia Engage in Political Participation

In November 2021, Glen Youngkin, a Republican candidate, won the election for governor of Virginia. For many Virginians, his win was a surprise, especially since President Donald Trump had endorsed him. For Ethiopian communities, the election results were the outcome of months of lobbying and organizing due to their dissatisfaction with the Democratic Party leadership. This development highlights the direct consequences of US foreign policy on its domestic political environment, especially regarding issues ethnic communities care about and how they can influence democratic processes. In this line, this study investigates the relationships between host and homeland political rhetoric and the importance of understanding the political power of diaspora-based conflict communities. Using narrative inquiry, I analyzed the reasons behind the 2020 voting trends among Ethiopian communities in Virginia. For Ethiopian Americans, the ongoing war in the Tigray region, as well as the mainstream media and US government's framing of who is the victim and who is the perpetrator, demonstrates an unwillingness to engage with Ethiopian scholars and practitioners as well as a lack of historical and political understanding coming from the US government. In this polarized time, Americans cannot ignore the direct impact of foreign policy on domestic institutions and how immigrants contribute, through voting, to the election of public servants, including presidents and states representatives.

Strategic determinants of military expenditure in Indonesia: Insights from AHP

This study investigates the key determinants of defense spending in Indonesia using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize factors influencing budget allocations. Indonesia’s unique strategic position, resource wealth, and internal security challenges necessitate a comprehensive approach to defense budgeting. The AHP methodology was employed to assess the relative importance of four main criteria: National Resources, Internal Geopolitics, Finance, and Global Geopolitics. Data were gathered from a combination of literature reviews and insights from key stakeholders, including government agencies and academic experts. The results indicate that National Resources, particularly natural wealth such as oil, are the most critical factors driving military expenditure, highlighting Indonesia’s dependence on resource-based revenues. Internal Geopolitics, focusing on political stability and internal conflicts, also significantly influence defense spending, emphasizing the need for a stable domestic environment. The findings further reveal varying perspectives among stakeholders, particularly in financial and geopolitical considerations, underscoring the challenges in aligning strategic priorities. This research offers a structured framework for optimizing defense spending, providing valuable insights for policymakers in Indonesia and other nations with similar budgetary constraints. The study highlights the importance of a cohesive and informed defense budgeting strategy to enhance national security and economic sustainability.

From Root to Stem: Optimizing Produce Utilization and Reducing Waste through Sustainable Cooking Practices

Background: In modern society, food waste is a pressing issue contributing to environmental degradation and resource depletion. “From Root to Stem” proposes a solution by advocating for sustainable cooking practices that maximize the use of every part of produce. Objectives: The objectives of this study were twofold. Firstly, to assess the existing levels of awareness and implementation of root-to-stem cooking practices among hospitality students. Secondly, to identify the obstacles hindering widespread adoption of root-to-stem cooking and to pinpoint the factors that facilitate its uptake. Additionally, the study aimed to propose effective strategies for promoting the incorporation of root-to-stem cooking practices in both domestic and commercial environments. Methodology: To accomplish these goals, a quantitative research approach, specifically employing a descriptive research design, was utilized. Data collection involved the use of an online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms among a select group of hospitality students with expertise in the kitchen. Convenience sampling was employed to gather data, resulting in a sample size of 328 participants. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23, based on a mixed questionnaire format. Results: The data reveals that 92.1% of respondents are familiar with root-to-stem cooking. However, only 4.3% always incorporate these techniques, with 58.6% doing so sometimes. 87.4% have received formal education or training on root-to-stem cooking, and 78.1% believe it can contribute to reducing food waste. Additionally, 56.3% are moderately likely to explore root-to-stem cooking further in the future. Conclusion: Root-to-stem cooking offers a sustainable solution to minimize food waste by utilizing entire plants. Despite obstacles like limited consumer awareness and logistical challenges, collaborative efforts among stakeholders can drive its adoption. Through education, digital platforms, and policy interventions, root-to-stem cooking can revolutionize culinary practices and promote a more sustainable food system.

Emerging Security Threats and Strategic Countermeasures along India’s International Borders with Bangladesh and Myanmar

India's borders with Bangladesh and Myanmar are intricate and shaped by various geopolitical elements, resulting in considerable security issues that impact regional stability. These challenges include unauthorized immigration, arms, narcotics, drug and human trafficking, insurgency, and various forms of illicit trade. The porous nature of these borders, coupled with rugged terrain, enables unauthorized crossings and illegal activities. This article highlights the emerging threats in these border areas and underscores the pressing need for comprehensive countermeasures. Recommendations focus on enhancing border infrastructure, deploying advanced technological solutions, and fostering both bilateral and multilateral cooperation with neighbouring nations. The findings strongly support an integrated strategy that combines security measures with regional collaboration, promotes a stable domestic environment that fosters social, racial, and communal harmony, and engages in humanitarian and diplomatic efforts. Such a robust framework is crucial for ensuring border safety, protecting national interests, and promoting lasting peace in the region.

How the Glaishers pictured snowflakes.

The Glaisher snowflakes (1855) are amongst the most recognizable images of snow crystals produced in the nineteenth century. Made with the intent of compiling a comprehensive record of snow crystal forms, they also appeared in a variety of print publications, from popular magazines to scientific textbooks, and briefly circulated through various scientific and artistic societies. In a time when reliable images of these small, transparent, ephemeral objects were few and far between, the Glaisher snowflakes were widely praised for both their beauty and their fidelity to nature. But their origin has so far been little examined. This article sheds light on how James and Cecilia Glaisher went about making them, and invites readers to see them through three interconnected perspectives: as products of a domestic environment, as products of a husband-and-wife collaboration, and as products of iterative image making.

Hojas y otros productos naturales con fines utilitarios en la cocina tradicional de Costa Rica

The objective is to describe leaves and other plant products obtained from the environment for utilitarian purposes in traditional Costa Rican cuisine. The study is qualitative and is based on semi-structured interviews with 37 people between the ages of 50 and 91, residing in different parts of the country. 59 products widely used more than six decades ago for the storage, conservation, preparation, consumption and transportation of food, as well as for cleaning, disinfection and pest control, were identified. Aspects such as access, functionality, durability, aesthetics and efficiency in different household tasks are considered for their selection. There is a decrease in current application due to changes in lifestyles, urbanization, industrialization and greater use of synthetic materials which, according to the people interviewed, has caused the loss of knowledge in new generations regarding the resources and their familiarization with utilization in the domestic environment. The natural products have value for their practical use in the kitchen, as well as for being biodegradable and favoring the family economy, which is why they have persisted over time, and it is still possible to acquire some of them in their natural state or with artisanal manufacture in markets and local fairs.

When terrorists attempt politics: an evaluation of Lashkar-e-Taiba’s pursuit of political transformation

ABSTRACT In recent years, the United Nations (UN) designated terrorist organization Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), a group with links to the Pakistani security establishment, has been pursuing a strategy of political transition. This paper explores whether existing counter-terrorism frameworks such as the UN-led disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) and state-led de-radicalization and disengagement programs adequately explain the transition of terrorist organizations into the political arena. It is argued that a lack of organizational consensus, the failure to evolve an ideological consensus for renouncing violence and endorsing democracy, and unpromising domestic and international political environments are the strongest predictors of difficulties in achieving successful transformation.

EXPLORING INTELLECTUAL AND EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION IN KAZAKHSTAN: DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS

Background: Addressing brain drain and fostering human capital development are critical for sustaining a nation's long-term economic growth, innovation capacity, and global competitiveness. Kazakhstan has faced significant brain drain, particularly following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as many skilled professionals sought better opportunities abroad. Despite government efforts to retain talent, the country continues to experience a negative migration balance, with a substantial portion of emigrants being highly educated and skilled. This study examines the challenges posed by brain drain and evaluates Kazakhstan's current policy initiatives aimed at addressing intellectual migration and fostering human capital development. Methods: The study employs a qualitative research approach using documentary analysis to explore intellectual and educational migration in Kazakhstan. The methodology involves systematically reviewing key government policy documents and reports, such as the Concept of Migration Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2023-2027. Documentary analysis was selected for its ability to provide in-depth insights into government initiatives and policy frameworks, enabling an assessment of their long-term effectiveness. Content analysis was applied to identify recurring themes and policy shifts related to human capital development and brain drain. Results and conclusions: The findings highlight the government’s efforts to attract skilled professionals, retain domestic talent, and foster international collaboration through streamlined visa processes, academic partnerships, and the establishment of international branch campuses. The analysis highlights educational immigration as a core component of Kazakhstan's migration strategy, shaped by regional factors and geopolitical considerations. Despite these efforts, the study identifies ongoing challenges in creating attractive domestic career opportunities and competitive research environments, which are crucial for the longterm retention of talent. By leveraging international best practices and fostering collaboration between the government, academia, and industry, Kazakhstan can enhance its position in the global knowledge economy while addressing demographic and economic challenges. The paper concludes by discussing the potential policy implications and recommendations for sustaining Kazakhstan’s human capital development in the context of global intellectual migration trends.

From the Perspective of Cultural Turn Theory: An Analysis of Movie Subtitle Translation

Film is an indispensable entertainment activity in People's Daily life, and it is an important spiritual food for modern people. With the gradual development of China's opening to the outside world and the influence of the domestic and foreign environment, more and more excellent foreign films enter the domestic market, and the demand for film subtitle translation also expands gradually. People's understanding of the film depends on the subtitle translation of the film, so the subtitle translation of the film occupies a very important position. Under the guidance of Susan Basnet's cultural turn theory, this paper takes the film Harry Potter as the research object and analyzes the subtitle translation.

Non-trade issues in preferential trade agreements and global value chains

How do labor and environmental provisions (also known as non-trade issues) that are increasingly part of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) affect investment patterns within global value chains (GVCs)? In this article, we explore how the design of these provisions and the local regulatory environments of trading partners influence the geography of production. By employing a difference-in-difference analysis of quantitative data on the design of non-trade issues in 478 PTAs and mergers and acquisitions between 1948 and 2018, we assess the influence of labor and environmental provisions in PTAs on GVCs. Building on the legal and business studies literatures, we expect and empirically find that when countries join PTAs, enforceable non-trade clauses interact with domestic regulatory environments and induce changes in GVCs, especially in Global North hosts. Our findings provide nuance to our current understanding of the interconnections across trade agreement design, domestic regulations, and vertically integrated multinational production.

Media Coverage of Women across Countries (The Special Case of Azerbaijan)

The relevance of this study results from the need to examine the way in which images of women and femininity are presented in the Azerbaijani media. The purpose of the study is to analyse the characteristics of the portrayal of women in Azerbaijani television advertising. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the study are based on gender and socio-cultural approaches. The method of audiovisual content analysis was used for the study. The sample includes 103 commercials collected between 2020 and 2023, with the prerequisite of the presence of female characters. The results showed two main trends in the portrayal of women. Firstly, a patriarchal perception dominates: women are usually presented as housewives or mothers, and most advertising takes place in a domestic environment. Women are often depicted in advertisements for men's products, which reinforces patriarchal stereotypes. Secondly, there is an emancipatory trend, which is reflected in the reduced objectification of women's sexuality in advertising. The plots and dialogues of commercials practically do not contain stereotypical ideas about women and present them in a positive light. Further research should aim to develop practical recommendations for improving the broadcasting of women’s images in an emancipatory context.

Development of disinfectant tolerance in Klebsiella pneumoniae

Disinfectants are a critical infection control measure that are relied upon globally in a range of settings including healthcare, food production, and domestic environments. However, bacteria have been shown to survive disinfectant treatments when harboured in dry surface biofilms or when disinfectants are used ineffectively. This provides an opportunity for organisms to develop low-level tolerance to various disinfectants. The capability of bacteria to develop adaptations to non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents is often overlooked. This study investigates the ability of Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 strain NCTC 13443 to adapt to a range of common chemical disinfectants (benzalkonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorocresol and bronopol) via serial passage exposure method. After long-term adaptation K. pneumoniae developed tolerance to all tested disinfectants, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration increase of between 30-413% compared to the untreated parent samples. Characterisation of disinfectant cross-tolerance showed that while cross-tolerance can occur, most adapted samples became more susceptible to the second disinfectant treatment, likely because of the fitness cost of adaptation. Observed cross-tolerance/increased susceptibility was not always reciprocated between disinfectant-tolerant samples, indicating that the order of disinfectant exposure is important during tolerance development. This has significant implications for disinfectant cleaning routines, and is likely due to variations in the underpinning tolerance mechanisms, even when the disinfectants display similar mechanisms of action. This study reports the capability and readiness of clinically relevant K. pneumoniae to adapt to common disinfectants that are relied upon every day across the world, delivering much-needed insights into an often-overlooked aspect of antimicrobial resistance.

Food gatekeepers: a reflection on gender roles in domestic environments

Food gatekeepers: a reflection on gender roles in domestic environments

Quality Indicators of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Korea

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure that requires abundant clinical experience and endoscopic skills, and can lead to various complications, some of which may progress to life-threatening conditions. With expanding indications and technological advancements, ERCP is widely utilized, enhancing procedural accessibility. However, without proper quality management, the procedure can pose significant risks. Quality management in ERCP is essential to ensure safe and successful procedures and meet societal demands for improved healthcare competitiveness. To address these concerns, the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association has developed a Korean-specific ERCP quality indicator reflecting domestic medical environments and realities. Initially, based on a review of foreign ERCP quality indicators and related literatures, key questions were formulated for five preprocedural items, three intra-procedural items, and four post-procedural items. Descriptions and recommendations for each item were selected through peer evaluation. The developed Korean-specific ERCP quality indicator was reviewed by external experts based on the latest evidence and consensus in this fields. This Korean-specific indicator is expected to significantly contribute to improving ERCP quality in Korea, as it is tailored to local needs.

Distribution of Air pollutant Concentration and Ammonium conversion rate in Livestock Areas: Focusing on Boryeong

Objectives:The association between the generation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ammonia is well-established, highlighting the importance of managing ammonia as a primary means to reduce particulate matter. However, domestic research on ammonia emissions, particularly in livestock areas, which are major sources of ammonia, is insufficient. This study aims to contribute to pollutant management on a national scale by conducting air pollutant measurements and analyses in livestock areas. Methods:Real-time analysis and monitoring of air and weather conditions were carried out in Boryeong, Chungcheongnam-do, from 2021 to 2022. Statistical analysis was then employed to investigate the correlation between observed air pollutants (ammonia, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ozone and particle matters) and PM2.5. Results and Discussion:As a result of the analysis, the concentration of air pollutants in Boryeong showed a seasonal tendancy to decrease in summer and increase after that. Most substances such as NO2, SO2, and PM10 were observed within the standard values. In the case of ammonia, domestic air environment standards are not in place, but the annual average was found to be 61.5 ± 55.3 ppb, higher than in other research results. This discrepancy is attributed to the influence of nearby livestock houses. It was also observed that PM2.5 exceeded the annual standard value of 15 μg/m3 in spring (30.1 μg/m3), summer (18.3 μg/m3), autumn (25.3 μg/m3) and winter (31.7 μg/m3), respectively. During this period, ammonium (NH4+, 32.8%), nitrate (NO3-, 35.9%), and sulfate (SO42-, 19.7%) comprised the majority of particulate pollutants in PM2.5. The ammonia-ammonium conversion rate (NHR) was 0.08 annual average, and it was found that gas/ion phase changes were affected by seasonal weather conditions (temperature and relative humidity). As a result of analyzing the NHR according to the PM2.5 concentration, it was found that the higher the PM2.5 concentration, the higher the NHR. Furthermore, although the measurement area of this study exhibited high ammonia concentration, the NHR was low. This suggests that the contribution rate of ammonia to PM2.5 was relatively low compared to the other studies.Conclusion:As a result, there is a need for measures to reduce the high concentrations of ammonia in livestock areas. Simultaneously, considering the diverse mechanisms involved in particulate matter formation, it is suggested that management of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides including ammonia should be implemented.

Obesogenicity perception of food environments in adults: A cross-sectional study in urban areas of Santiago, Chile.

In Chile, there is a high prevalence of obesity, and most people have an inadequate quality of food. Food environments can constitute barriers that prevent healthy food choices and lead to overweight and obesity, as well as diet-related non-communicable diseases. There are international instruments that allow the characterization of food environments. In Chile, there are no studies on the perception of food environments. This study aimed to characterize the perception of obesogenicity of food environments in the urban Chilean population using an instrument previously validated in Chile. This is a cross-sectional study with probabilistic sampling. The "Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey", based on the Chilean model of food environments, was applied to 256 participants from two urban communities of the Metropolitan Region. Scores were calculated for the instrument items, which allowed calculating scores by environments included in the Chilean model of Food Environments. Negative scores were related to a higher obesogenic level. The results show that the domestic food environment is perceived as less obesogenic (median of 15.8 points), with more than 90% of households having fruits, vegetables, and legumes, even though the supply food environment was negative (median -0.19 points). However, about 50% of households had ultra-processed foods. The street food environment was perceived as the most obesogenic (median -1.91 points), with more than 60% of the participants indicating difficulty finding healthy options. According to the level of obesogenicity of the environments studied, it is necessary to have public policies that improve them and ensure the availability and physical and economic access to healthy food, particularly in the food supply and public road environments.

A Globally Guided Dual-Arm Reactive Motion Controller for Coordinated Self-Handover in a Confined Domestic Environment.

Future humanoid robots will be widely deployed in our daily lives. Motion planning and control in an unstructured, confined, and human-centered environment utilizing dexterity and a cooperative ability of dual-arm robots is still an open issue. We propose a globally guided dual-arm reactive motion controller (GGDRC) that combines the strengths of global planning and reactive methods. In this framework, a global planner module with a prospective task horizon provides feasible guidance in a Cartesian space, and a local reactive controller module addresses real-time collision avoidance and coordinated task constraints through the exploitation of dual-arm redundancy. GGDRC extends the start-of-the-art optimization-based reactive method for motion-restricted dynamic scenarios requiring dual-arm cooperation. We design a pick-handover-place task to compare the performances of these two methods. Results demonstrate that GGDRC exhibits accurate collision avoidance precision (5 mm) and a high success rate (84.5%).