Domestic Circumstances Research Articles

The 2015 Israeli General Election: The Triumph of Jewish Skepticism, the Emergence of Arab Faith

The results of the 2015 Israeli election, primarily the sweeping victory of Binyamin Netanyahu’s Likud party, surprised most analysts. In this article we employ political scientist Michael Oakeshott’s distinction in arguing that the campaign dynamics and the consequent electoral results reflect the triumph of a “politics of skepticism” among Jews, and the emergence of a “politics of faith” among Israel’s Arab-Palestinian citizens. Both derive from a combination of external and domestic circumstances and their effective exploitation by charismatic political leaders.

Korean Treatment Guidelines for Metastatic Prostate Cancer Developed by the Korean Association for Clinical Oncology

The management of advanced prostate cancer has evolved rapidly. Androgen deprivation therapy, via surgical or medical castration, is the first-line therapy for hormone-naive metastatic prostate cancer. For approximately a decade, docetaxel-based chemotherapy was the only approved agent to show a survival benefit for castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, over the last 5 years, significant advances in the field have led to the approval of several new agents with different mechanisms of action, such as the new androgen pathway inhibitors abiraterone and enzalutamide, a new cytotoxic agent, cabazitaxel, and new bone-seeking agents such as radium-223, which have all been associated with improved quality of life and pain palliation and an increase in survival. However, there has been no Korean treatment guideline for metastatic prostate cancer which is developed based on thorough search for relevant articles, including recently developed agents, and adequate review and assessment of evidences, and thus, a guideline adequate for domestic circumstance is eagerly needed. Experts from the Genitourinary Oncology Committee of the Korea Cancer Study Group developed clinical recommendations for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer based on 19 key questions. The Korean Association for Clinical Oncology, the Korean Prostate Society, the Korean Urological Oncology Society, and the Korean Society of Pathologists reviewed and endorsed the guidelines. These are the first Korean treatment guidelines developed specifically for metastatic prostate cancer. (Korean J Med 2017;92:124-141)

‘북방정책’ 재고(再考) : ‘유라시아 이니셔티브’의 재검토 및 새로운 대륙지향 정책을 위한 원형 모색

This paper aims at analyzing the factors affecting the emergence, process, and performance of the Nordpolitik, further making comparisons with those of the Eurasia Initiative during the Park Geun-hye Government. In the midst of the unravelling of the Cold War, the Roh Tae-woo Government launched the Nordpolitik, which turned out to be a turning point in Korean diplomatic history. It was successful in bringing about establishment of diplomatic relations with communist countries including the Soviet Union and China and a temporary rapprochement with North Korea. Derived from comparative foreign policy theories, this study adopts three categories of variables for explaining the rise and implementation of the Nordpolitik during the Roh Government: international political contour, domestic socio-political situation, and leadership.BR Above all, the Nordpolitik was made possible as a result of U.S. policy of ‘benign negligence’ in the wake of the disintegration of Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. On top of the tectonic changes in geopolitical landscape, the leadership of Roh Tae-woo, who had been engaged in cultivating a continent-oriented policy for years, played a key role in bringing the Nordpolitik into fruition. Meanwhile faced with relatively unfavorable domestic political circumstances, Roh attempted to utilize the Nordpolitik as a tool for political breakthrough, while managing to control the implementation process of the Nordpolitik with adroit strategies and tactics.BR In contrast, the Eurasia Initiative under the Park government is considered as an updated and expanded version of the Nordpolitik, because the former is designed to promote cooperation with countries in the Eurasian Continent in a wide variety of issue areas from political and diplomatic cooperation to economic ties, to cultural exchanges with Eurasian countries. Yet, given such ambitious objectives, the Eurasia Initiative did not meet expectations with meager performance. Compared with the Nordpolitik, the geopolitical environment under which the Eurasia Initiative was proposed and implemented proved to be unfavorable with mounting rivalry between the United States and China in Northeast Asia, while confrontation between the West and Russia was on the rise in Europe. Additionally, the leadership of President Park has been blamed for the lack of long‐term perspective on Eurasian cooperation and rapport with the mass public.BR As such, although the Eurasia Initiative left much to be desired, the Republic of Korea has no choice but to seek for a long-term, comprehensive, and multi-dimensional ‘Neo-Nordpolitik,’ or a new type of continent-oriented policy. Making the best of experiences of the previous Nordpolitik, the new leadership of the ROK should contrive and implement a ‘Neo-Nordpolitik,’ which may contribute to stability in the Korean Peninsula, ultimate unification of the two Koreas and further harmony and prosperity in the Eurasian Continent.

Český knihtisk v boji mezi městským stavem a šlechtou na počátku 16. století

In 1500 the printed version of the Bohemian Land Ordinance (Vladislavske zřizeni zemske) was issued. The royal towns hesitated to accept the new land law code for a long time, as it took away their voice at the Land Diet. The new established town league started to defend fiercely the political, judicial and economic rights and liberties of the towns. The long running conflict between the towns and the lords was ended with the St. Wenceslas Day Agreement (Svatovaclavska smlouva) in 1517. It was during this unsettled interim period that this typographical medium became the means of political communication in the Bohemian estate society and when the first attempts at its utilisation in the official practice of the government administration occurred. The contribution examines insightfully a tenth of thin prints or single sheet prints and tries to reconstruct in detail the domestic political circumstances of their publishing. Some of them have escaped the bibliographer's and historian's notice. They are well known only from unique copies. This fact shows that only at minor part of the original production has survived. The Bohemian estates representation appreciated around 1500 the typographical medium as an instrument of political power - even though only rarely - for spreading legal norms and for administrative purposes. Also the burghers succesfully utilised the typography for the propagation of their political statements. However, this happened at the end of the estates conflict - even though the printing houses were in the hands of the burghers and censorship regulation was at first limited. The struggle between the burgher estate and the nobles at the beginning of the 16th century is considered to be the major catalyst for the applying of this modern technology.

‘Moderne Muziek’: Vinyl magazine and the Dutch post-punk movement

Abstract The Dutch music magazine Vinyl was launched at a chaotic party on 14 February 1981, at the newly opened ‘Schafthuis Royaal’ club in the squatted former-NRC building in the centre of Amsterdam. Vinyl presented itself as the champion of a new musical development unfolding in the Netherlands – ‘Ultra’. Ultra, standing for ultramodernen, was a term that described a number of young Dutch bands who made avant-garde, post-punk music, most notably Minny Pops, Mecano, Plus Instruments, Minioon, Mekanik Kommando, The Young Lions and Tox Modell. Ultra was visible mainly in Amsterdam, but also had a strong presence in cities such as Nijmegen, Eindhoven and ‘s-Hertogenbosch. From that February 1981 issue (preceded by a taster incorporated into the first edition, known as the ‘Zero Issue’ of December 1980), Vinyl rapidly expanded, reaching print runs of 15,000, including a print run of 3000 for an English language edition during its second year. At its peak in the mid-1980s, albeit with a more populist editorial policy, Vinyl was an established presence in the European alternative music press and referenced by the likes of BBC Radio 1 deejay John Peel. The magazine ran until February 1988. Taking a selected number of early editions of the magazine, this article looks to show how Vinyl carved out a distinct post-punk identity for itself and its readers in the Netherlands of the early 1980s. And, by using comparisons with contemporary articles on the Dutch post-punk scene in the British music press, the article will show that Vinyl (often driven by unaccommodating domestic circumstances) looked to promote an apolitical, transnational post-punk agenda.

Improvement Plan on Marine Lifesaving Educational Course in Korea: Comparison with the Status of the Foreign Marine Leisure Safety Education Groups

ABSTRACT Kim, K.B.; Lee, J.H.; Kim, S.G.; Seok, K.H., and Choi, Y.S., 2017. Improvement plan on marine lifesaving educational course in Korea: Comparison with the status of the foreign marine leisure safety education groups. In: Lee, J.L.; Griffiths, T.; Lotan, A.; Suh, K.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 2nd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 79, pp. 26–29. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The objective of this study is to identify the current status of qualification system of life guard in Korea and to suggest objective developmental plans according to domestic circumstances through qualification systems in Japan, Canada, and Finland. It is required to provide reliable education system by unifying the life-guard education courses in each education provider. The Life-guard educationl based on locational and environmental factors should be more sub-divided and standardized in advanced programs in the same manner as life-guard education system in member ...

‘Under Trying Domestic Circumstances’

This article considers a collection of Plains Indigenous beadwork donated to the Royal Saskatchewan Museum by the Canadian author and collector Mary Weekes (1884–1980). Taking the rural cottage where she acquired her collection as a contact zone, the analysis considers how Weekes developed unusually intimate settler–Indigenous friendships that forced her to confront her complicity in colonial practices of dispossession and assimilation. It also interrogates how her dedication to Saskatchewan’s marginalised Indigenous peoples at times irreconcilably conflicted with her own marginalised status as a woman with persistent professional ambitions. Moreover, the article contends that Weekes’s domestic circumstances and exchanges of labour therein offer insight into the reproduction of settler identity in twentieth-century Saskatchewan and the simultaneous (and not necessarily oppositional) resistance of Indigenous dispossession.

Grassroots Diplomacy in Battles for Legitimacy: The Transnational Advocacy Network for the Brazilian Recognition of the Palestinian State

ABSTRACTFew grassroots-based coalitions from a “peripheral” region have affected high international politics to the degree of creating a global domino effect. However, the process that led to Brazil’s declaration of Palestinian state recognition on 3 December 2010, followed by regional and worldwide echoes of similar actions, provides a pertinent illustration. This analysis examines the winding road to the declaration, focusing on the domestic circumstances that conditioned this Brazilian policy. Using process tracing and content analysis techniques, it describes how a pro-Palestinian Transnational Advocacy Network grew in its degree of institutionalisation, political access, and popular mobilisation, managing to constrain Brazilian policy-makers’ preferences. The findings suggest some novel insights about the changing nature of diplomacy and the role of civil societies in the “Battles for Legitimacy” that characterise contemporary global politics.

A Trauma System wide Evaluation of the Demographic, Injury and Fracture Characteristics of Patients with Calcaneal Fractures: A Comparison of Trauma Level I and II Centers

Introduction: Calcaneal fractures are known to influence patients daily lives negatively. Different levels of trauma centers face a diversity of patients who sustained a calcaneal fracture. Little is known about the demographic, trauma and fracture characteristics for these patients. Moreover, the differences in these characteristics between different levels of trauma care. Knowledge of this is needed, to improve the outcome in these patients. In this study we evaluate in detail the characteristics of patients with a calcaneal fractures in a regional inclusive trauma system.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective regional cohort study of prospectively collected data. All patients aged 16 years or older with a calcaneal fracture admitted in one of the participating trauma level I or II hospitals were included. Patients’, trauma and fracture characteristics were collected.Results: A total of 285 patients with 307 calcaneal fractures were eligible for analysis. A mechanism of trauma was in most patients a fall from height, followed by a simple fall. The greater majority of the accidents occurred in domestic circumstances, 70% of the patients had an isolated calcaneal fracture. The trauma level I population (n= 72) was significantly younger, sustained a more severe injury with more concomitant injuries, and 26% had a psychiatric history.Conclusion: This study demonstrates, that there are substantial differences between the level I and II trauma centers in the demographic patterns and injury characteristics in patients with a calcaneal fracture. These differences should be accounted for in the interpretation of results according to the level of trauma care that a particular hospital offers. Additionally, in the trauma level II centers more low-complex calcaneal fractures and distinctively other subgroups (e.g. elderly) are admitted that might benefit from customized management to adapt to their specific needs.

Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in Korean children

Community-acquired pneumonia is the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. However, there is a lack of data on the epidemiology of pneumonia in Korean children. In this review, we aimed to summarize pneumonia studies in Korea and suggest di agnostic methods and treatment for Korean children who were referred based on the foreign guidelines for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. A Korean guideline for pediatric pneumonia in tune with domestic circumstances is needed. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2017;5:177-184)

浅谈核电站多功能模拟机在人才培养中的应用

概述了当前国内核电发展形势下大量的核电人才培养需求，说明了模拟机在加强核电行业人才队伍建设方面的重要性，调研了核电站模拟机的发展现状，对比各种类型的模拟机，并结合实践，提出充分发挥多功能模拟机的各项优势，拓展其应用前景的可行性，并提出了思考和建议。 This paper summarizes a large number of demands of talents cultivation in nuclear power under the current domestic development circumstances of nuclear power, and illustrates the importance of simulators in strengthening the talent team construction of nuclear power industry. Through taking an investigation about the development status of the NPP simulators, the paper contrasts the various types of simulators, and presents to make the advantages of multi-function simulator. Fi-nally, the paper puts forward to the feasibility of expanding the application of multi-function simu-lator, and proposes some suggestions.

South Korean developments in the field of unification of peninsula states: theories and practice of their implementation

This article is devoted to the analyzes of five basic Korean unification theories, which were implementedby the Government of the Republic of Korea. In fact, it was the views of acting at a certain period of the Korean history administrations, taking into account domestic and foreign circumstances. An important factor was also the action of the North Korean regime within the framework of the Korean unification question as well as in other spheres.The Korean peninsula division after the WW II was one of the turning points for the North-East Asia (NEA) region as well as for the global IR system. Strategic construct of NEA, history of the Koreans have undergone significant changes, which formally defined, above all, the beginning and the subsequent deployment of the Korean War, which de jure is still going on (peace treaty absence). Both states on North and South ranked reunification of the Korean Peninsula as a primary national goal. This article points out that the process was actually impossible to achieve at least because of two separate but interrelated complex issues existence (the first issue is related with very different political, social and economic systems for nearly 70 years; the second set of problems related to the strategic environment in the region). The analysis shows that de jure since the end of the Korean War, there were at least five theories or «trends» in the South Korean unification research. All theories were motivated by a combination of ideological characteristics of real phenomena and events in these states and on international arena and the author takes into consideration all of them in conjunction with particular political administrations.

Commensality and the Social Use of Technology during Family Mealtime

This article examines familial interactions, which are mediated through information and communication technologies, during domestic mealtimes. We seek to understand how technologies are used and negotiated among family members and the influence of technology on commensality. We conducted an observational study of six families. The findings showed how technologies are integrated into the mealtime activities. Our study identifies domestic circumstances where background technologies are raised to the foreground, visible devices are hidden, unwanted distractions become desired, and ordinary technologies are integrated into mealtime experiences. We identify four patterns of arrangement between technologies and family members during mealtimes, and we discuss how technologies contribute to mealtime satiety and commensality. Finally, we present implications of our findings and directions for technological advancements focusing on the social and celebratory nature of family mealtimes.

Unfinished family business. Algernon Sidney’s arguments with Henry Hammond, Sir William Temple, Henry Sidney, Charles II, and the public executioner

ABSTRACTRecent work about the life and thought of the republican Algernon Sidney (1623–1683) has emphasised the formative importance of the history, intellectual culture and personal matrix of the Sidney family. This essay underlines the richness of that context by casting new light on a series of key, previously undiscussed themes. These include Sidney’s lifelong relationship with the diplomat Sir William Temple and his family; the origin of his pioneering contribution to restoration resistance theory in an argument with Henry Hammond, one-time rector at Penshurst Place; the extent to which the European diplomatic contest which helped determine England’s political direction between 1679 and 1689 may be understood as a squabble between siblings; and the domestic and family circumstances attending Algernon’s arrest and execution for treason in 1683.

Changes in factors influencing doctors’ career choices between one and five years after graduation: questionnaire surveys of UK doctors

Objectives To study changes in factors influencing doctors’ career specialty choices between one and five years after graduation. Design Questionnaire survey. Setting UK. Participants A total of 10,473 doctors who replied to our surveys both one and five years after graduating from all UK medical schools between 1993 and 2008. Main outcome measures The importance of each of 12 specified factors in influencing the doctors’ choice of future specialty ‘a great deal’. Method Questionnaires by post and email. Results Enthusiasm for and commitment to the specialty was the greatest influence on career choice at year 1 (66%) and year 5 (74%). Domestic circumstances increased in importance more than any other factor (from 22.5% to 41.3%); 26% of doctors rated this as important in year 5 but not in year 1. Other factors which increased in importance from year 1 to year 5 included hours/working conditions, experience of the job so far and self-appraisal of own skills. There was an increase in the importance of promotion/career prospects, self-appraisal of own skills, student experience of subject and enthusiasm/commitment for more recent cohorts compared with older cohorts. Between years 1 and 5, there was a greater increase in the importance of domestic circumstances, hours/working conditions and eventual financial prospects for intending General Practitioners than for other doctors. Conclusions Doctors remain committed to their specialty between years 1 and 5, but the influence of domestic circumstances and hours and working conditions grew stronger.

Relation Research on Job Demand-Control-Support, Work-Leisure Conflict, Quality of Life in Tourism Employee’s

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this research is to provide a way of improving the quality of life for workers in tourism field by finding out the effect relation among job demand, job control, leisure activities and work-leisure conflict and between work-leisure conflict and quality of life. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This research investigates workers in hotel, tourism, aviation and food-service fields. Plus, for corroborative evidence analysis, SPSS for win 20.0 is utilized and frequency, reliance, a cause and recurrence analysis are conducted so as to support this research. Findings: At first, the fact that there are few researches penetrating into work-leisure conflict and even it is never dealt in Korea gives a great significance. Further, it can be more worthy in that this research is performed apposite to domestic circumstance in Korea. At second fundamental with the previous research, as the verification result of work-leisure validity, 3 factors such as time conflict, strain conflict and fatigue conflict can be extracted. In the case of fatigue conflict, though the other factors are dealt in the previous researches, but it is unique one extracted in this research. It can demonstrate that it is necessary to distinguish fatigue conflict in the work-leisure conflict. At third, as researched, it is true that job environment affects workleisure conflict. At, fourth, it is shown that strain conflict and fatigue conflict of work-leisure conflict affect the quality of life. Application/Improvements: The author expects that the concept of work-leisure conflict focused on this study can be cited in many fields of the social sciences such as women’s studies, human rights, management, sociology and psychology.

What influences environmental entrepreneurship? A multilevel analysis of the determinants of entrepreneurs’ environmental orientation

This cross-country study statistically investigates the determinants of environmental orientation of entrepreneurial activity. It builds on a new institutional theory framework and uses data gathered in the course of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor to examine the institutional impacts and individual characteristics which influence the degree of environmental orientation of entrepreneurial activity, using a multilevel analysis. Our key findings are threefold: First, the results indicate that environmental orientation is frequently used as a source for securing legitimacy of entrepreneurial ventures. Second, we find lower degrees of environmental orientation among more educated entrepreneurs. Third, for many variables, such as age, gender and income, differences are observed when compared to earlier findings on the determinants of social entrepreneurship. Policy makers can learn from the analysis that policy measures should not only be designed specifically for environmental entrepreneurship, but also be adapted to the domestic economic circumstances, as, for example, environmental taxes only show significant effects on environmental orientation of entrepreneurial ventures in OECD countries. From a practitioner’s perspective, this indicates that a lack of regulation can provide opportunities for environmentally oriented entrepreneurial ideas.

Strategies to Justify and Legitimate Armed Drone Strikes. The Reasons for the Differing Strategies of the US, the UK and Israel to Legitimate and Justify Their Armed Drone Policies

With the steadily increasing use of armed UAVs, Western governments set the legal and moral precedents for the use of unmanned aerial technologies. Yet one particularity of armed drone attacks is that since the beginning of such operations in 2001, the governments of the states under review have been following a notably restrictive information policy towards the public. This paper works out in detail the legitimation efforts and strategies of the US, the UK and Israel regarding the strategies to legitimate and justify armed drone strikes, arguing that the strategies differ as a result of their differing domestic political situations, perceptions of threat, and roles and identities vis-a-vis the international community. It finds that the three states under review are governed by differing circumstances regarding both their domestic and international political circumstances, as well as their underlying identities. This results in correspondingly different legitimation efforts, when justifying their use of armed drones.

The 2015 Resuscitation Council of Asia (RCA) guidelines on adult basic life support for lay rescuers

This paper introduces adult basic life support (BLS) guidelines for lay rescuers of the resuscitation council of Asia (RCA) developed for the first time. The RCA BLS guidelines for lay rescuers have been established by expert consensus among BLS Guidelines Taskforce of the RCA on the basis of the 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. The RCA recommends compression-only CPR for lay rescuers and emphasizes high-quality CPR with chest compression depth of approximately 5cm and chest compression rate of 100−120min−1. Role of emergency medical dispatchers in helping lay rescuers recognize cardiac arrest and perform CPR is also emphasized. The RCA guidelines will contribute to help Asian countries establish and implement their own CPR guidelines in the context of their domestic circumstances.

“PLEASE DENY THESE MANIFESTLY FALSE REPORTS”: OTTOMAN DIPLOMATS AND THE PRESS IN BELGIUM (1850–1914)

AbstractSimilar to ruling elites in Western Europe, the Ottomans were preoccupied with foreign “public opinion” regarding their state. Historians have devoted attention to Ottoman state efforts at image building abroad and, to a lesser degree, related attempts to influence the European mass press. Yet, an in-depth study of this subject is lacking. This article turns to one of the prime, though largely neglected, actors in Ottoman foreign policy making: the sultan's diplomats. Through a case study of Ottoman envoys to Belgium, it demonstrates how foreign “press management” evolved and was adapted to shifting domestic and international political circumstances. Increasingly systematic attempts to influence Belgian newspapers can be discerned from the reign of Abdülhamid II onward. Brokers between Istanbul and “liberal” Belgium's thriving newspaper business, Ottoman diplomats proved essential to this development. Ultimately, however, Ottoman efforts to counter Belgian (and European) news coverage of the empire had little impact and occasionally even worked counterproductively, generating the very Orientalist images they aimed to combat in the first place.