Domestic Chemical Industry Research Articles

Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric technique for the biological control of volatile industrial pollutants

Introduction. General industrial pollutants, which includes volatile industrial pollutants (VIP) allyl chloride, butyl chloride, chloroacetonitrile, pentachloroethane, hexachloroethane, trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, 2-nitropropane, nitrobenzene , diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and carbon disulfide are widely used in the domestic chemical industry, but effective methods for the quantitative determination of their biomarkers in the biological media of chemical production workers have not yet been developed. The purpose of the study is to develop a highly sensitive gas chromatographic technique for the determination of compounds of the VIP group in whole blood and urine for their biological control, and its testing using modeling of intoxication in laboratory animals. Material and methods. Experimental modeling of intoxication was carried out with subcutaneous (s/c) injection of toxicants to male chinchilla rabbits. Determination of biomarkers of toxicants was performed using a gas chromatograph with a single quadrupole mass analyzer (GC-MS) with preliminary extraction of components from the vapor phase above the sample by solid-phase microextraction. Results. A method for the determination of allyl chloride, butyl chloride, chloroacetonitrile, pentachloroethane, hexachloroethane, trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, 2-nitropropane, nitrobenzene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and carbon disulfide in blood and urine was developed and metrologically certified. The achieved limits of quantification are no more than 1 ng/ml with a detection limit of 0.2 ng/ml in blood and urine. Limitations. Toxicokinetic parameters were experimentally determined on one animal species; allometric scaling was used for extrapolation to humans. Conclusion. Analysis of the results of the assessment of the expected concentrations of VIP in blood and urine shows that biological control in the working area at the level of 0.5 MPC can be carried out for carbon disulfide, diethyl ether, butyl chloride, 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 and tetrahydrofuran in the study of blood and urine; methacrylonitrile and hexachloroethane (the lower value of the determination limit) – in the study of urine only. The developed approaches to substantiate methods of biological control of harmful substances are a scientific and methodological platform for the introduction of biological MPC and ensuring the chemical safety of the Russian Federation.

Основные проблемы обеспечения кадрами инжиниринговых предприятий химической промышленности России

The issues of the personnel training for the engineering companies in the domestic chemical industry are researched in the article. The main problems have been identified, and priority areas for the improving staff training have been determined.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON MATERIALS WITH A SPECIAL PURPOSE POLYMER COATING UNDER STATIC CONDITIONS

The domestic chemical industry urgently needs the creation of special high-class protective clothing that would allow working in extreme conditions without endangering the life and health of employees. In previous publications, it was determined that the necessary comprehensive protection against the effects of harmful production factors is provided by the creation and use of an insulating suit, which should become a barrier that prevents the penetration, and therefore the influence of mineral acids, alkalis. , ammonia, salt solutions, etc. of different concentrations. That is, it is about the creation of special clothing with the required level of protection and preservation of such basic protective indicators as chemical resistance and impermeability of the material while preserving the tightness of the product as a whole. Equipment for preparation and locksmiths for cleaning closed containers for transportation and storage of aggressive environments can simultaneously be exposed not only to mineral acids, alkalis, salt solutions based on them, but also to the remains of liquid ammonia, the evaporation of which occurs when temperatures drop, which leads to primary destruction polymer coating materials for special suits. For example, local destruction in contact with liquid ammonia leads to a sharp cooling (up to – 340C) of the contact surface of the material and destruction of the polymer coating, especially during operation (in dynamics), which can lead to a violation of the tightness of the protective product. Since workers have to perform a significant number of work movements while wearing an insulating suit, there was a need to investigate such an indicator as the resistance of materials to both dynamic loads and static conditions at low temperature. The research was conducted on samples of materials with a polymer coating, which belong to the class of special purpose artificial leathers of both foreign and domestic manufacturers.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON MATERIALS WITH A SPECIAL PURPOSE POLYMER COATING UNDER STATIC CONDITIONS

The domestic chemical industry urgently needs the creation of special high-class protective clothing that would allow working in extreme conditions without endangering the life and health of employees. In previous publications, it was determined that the necessary comprehensive protection against the effects of harmful production factors is provided by the creation and use of an insulating suit, which should become a barrier that prevents the penetration, and therefore the influence of mineral acids, alkalis, ammonia, salt solutions, etc. of different concentrations. That is, it is about the creation of special clothing with the required level of protection and preservation of such basic protective indicators as chemical resistance and impermeability of the material while preserving the tightness of the product as a whole. Equipment for preparation and locksmiths for cleaning closed containers for transportation and storage of aggressive environments can simultaneously be exposed not only to mineral acids, alkalis, salt solutions based on them, but also to the remains of liquid ammonia, the evaporation of which occurs when temperatures drop, which leads to primary destruction polymer coating materials for special suits. For example, local destruction in contact with liquid ammonia leads to a sharp cooling (up to – 340C) of the contact surface of the material and destruction of the polymer coating, especially during operation (in dynamics), which can lead to a violation of the tightness of the protective product. Since workers have to perform a significant number of work movements while wearing an insulating suit, there was a need to investigate such an indicator as the resistance of materials to both dynamic loads and static conditions at low temperature. The research was conducted on samples of materials with a polymer coating, which belong to the class of special purpose artificial leathers of both foreign and domestic manufacturers.

Современные черты инвестиционных процессов в российской химической промышленности

There major investment projects in the domestic chemical industry are considering in the article. Based on the ascertained structural distortions the authors suggest the improvement directions of branch government assistance in Russian present-day conditions.

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ РОССИЙСКОГО ХИМИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

The authors conducted a study, the results of which allow us to assess the resource base for the development of production systems of the Russian chemical complex with high objectivity. As a data source, the bundle “production – foreign trade – investments – personnel” was considered, and an intermediate period was chosen for analysis, corresponding to half of the implementation period of the chemical industry development program until 2030, since the main trends and dynamics of the work of domestic chemical industry enterprises have now been identified. The data assessment is based on the results of the study «Expert and analytical support for assessing the state of the Russian chemical complex and the performance targets of the implementation of the strategy for the development of the chemical and petrochemical complex for the period up to 2030» and the conclusions drawn by the authors based on the forecasts of the initial period of the implementation of the strategy. It is shown that the development of the chemical industry of the Russian Federation is changing taking into account the orientation to the current economic situation, which includes a reorientation to new markets (Asia, Latin America) and an emphasis on stimulating innovation and investment in import substitution of technologies and equipment. According to the authors’ forecasts, the development of the current stage from understated indicators by 2030 will reach the targets set by the Strategy for the Development of the Chemical and Petrochemical Complex for the period up to 2030. The dynamics of development was evaluated according to the basic and conservative scenarios. Conclusions are drawn: according to both the basic and conservative scenarios, a noticeable growth of the industry is expected from 2030; with an increase in the share of domestic bank lending in the structure of financing sources, the standard of living of the population and working conditions will contribute to the development of the personnel reserve of chemical complex enterprises.

Основные приоритеты диверсификации российской химической промышленности

There foreign economic activities of domestic chemical industry are considering in the article. There the prerequisites of the industry diversification are revealed, the enhancement priorities of the industry structure are marked. The authors outline main phases of the chemistry diversification in Russian present-day conditions.

Modified Oil Bitumen

The article describes the modification of petroleum bitumen with elastomers of different chemical nature and molecular weight. The effectiveness and expediency of such a modification is shown.The objects of research in the work were the following brands of oil bitumen: BN-70/30 and BND-90/130. The following modifiers were used: butyl rubber (BK-1675), liquid thiocol - a condensation product of aliphatic dihalo derivatives with sodium polysulfide, rubber crumb.Shown undoubted efficiency and the prospect of improving the technological and operational properties of bitumen systems by modifying the latter with selected polymers. In addition, this modification is economically feasible due to the low cost of the selected modifiers and their presence in the range of enterprises of the domestic chemical industry.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ У МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ ХІМІЧНОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ УКРАЇНИ В РИНКОВИХ УМОВАХ

Проведено аналіз сучасного стану і тенденцій розвитку хімічної галузі промисловості в Україні та інших країнах. Охарактеризовано загальну структуру сучасної вітчизняної хімічної галузі, яка представлена як старими великими підприємствами, що скорочують виробничі потужності, так і новими малими та мікропідприємствами, переважна більшість яких реалізує окремі стадії виробництва хімічної продукції, використовуючи напівфабрикати закордонних виробників. Зроблено висновок про необхідність орієнтації вітчизняної хімічної галузі на розвиток малого підприємництва і про важливу роль системи вищої технічної освіти в забезпеченні цього напряму відродження хімічної галузі кваліфікованими інженерними кадрами.

DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD: COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION

The main trends of the chemical industry development in globalization changes terms are investigated. The share of Ukraine in chemical products export of TOP-10 world chemical market participants and the European Union countries is determined. A comparative estimation of chemicals and pharmaceuticals production dynamics, as well as the structure of foreign trade (export / import) of these products in Ukraine and the EU-28 is conducted. The prospects for the domestic chemical industry development are outlined based on the calculation of Ukrainian and the EU members chemical enterprises main functioning indicators. The measures for innovation activity activation and the institutional reforms in Ukraine on purpose of the chemical production competitiveness increasing are proposed.

A Promising Method for Separating Binary Methanol–Water Solutions

A technological scheme for drying binary solutions, which allows separating two-component solutions and complex systems using molecular size difference (molecular sieves), has been designed. Analysis of modern adsorbents produced by the domestic chemical industry was carried out, and the optimal parameters of the investigated zeolite adsorbents were determined for the regeneration and cooling processes that accompany the restoration of the adsorption properties of the adsorbents used. A mathematical model for calculating the adsorption of a water-methanol mixture on solid adsorbents has been developed and can be used for other processes, for example, for the drying of alcoholic solutions with components of polyhydric alcohols and water. A technique for calculating the separation units for binary systems is proposed.

Analysis of Accident Characteristics of Foreign Workers in Domestic Chemical Industry

Analysis of Accident Characteristics of Foreign Workers in Domestic Chemical Industry

Global and Domestic Chemical Fibre Industry in 2013

Global and Domestic Chemical Fibre Industry in 2013

Study on Fire Safety Planning in Chinese Petrochemical Industry Parks

In order to explore the regularity of fire station construction in domestic chemical industry park, the study reviewed the typical safety incidents in decade. Under the summary of characteristics of fire disaster, explosion, and leakage incidents, this article puts forward the methods for the construction of fire station system in chemical parks, especially the fire station construction standards, equipment requirements and the enhanced fire station. Hopefully, the study will be beneficial for the future development of fire station construction in chemical industry parks.

State and prospects of development of the innovative capacity of the domestic chemical industry

The article discusses the factors affecting the level of innovation activity of industrial enterprises. Analysis of the state and prospects of development of the innovative capacity of the domestic chemical industry is presented.

System sight at a problem of efficiency of enterprises’s operaton of the Russian chemical complex

The role of chemical industry as one of the key Russian public economy complexes in the domestic economy development is of high importance. It provides bases for its long-term and stable further development. However, the situation in chemical industry like many in other Russian industries today, is rather complicated. The number of present common economic problems together, as well as issues of domestic regulation result into the high growth rate of incompatible Russian chemical production within the framework of the world market. If steps to improve the domestic chemical industry situation are absent, all its branches may end up within several year-period surviving.

Growing Links between Chemistry and Industry in Russia and the Soviet Union, 1900–1953

During the first half of the twentieth century, chemistry in Russia and the Soviet Union underwent many changes, which often were responses to the country's social and political turmoil. Particularly striking was the change in chemists' attitude toward the chemical industry. Before the First World War, only a few Russian chemists had much involvement with the chemical industry. However, when the outbreak of that war revealed the weaknesses of the domestic chemical industry, many Russian chemists assisted the war effort in various ways. These links between Russian chemists and the chemical industry continued after the end of Russian involvement in the war and the advent of the new Bolshevik regime in 1917. The new political authorities promoted these linkages and many chemists responded positively to these initiatives. At the end of the 1920s, Stalin and the Soviet leadership initiated a massive campaign for rapid industrialisation and the collectivisation of agriculture. A group of prominent chemists proposed a plan for the "chemisation" of the national economy and the Soviet leadership approved this effort, which became the framework for the development of the chemical industry throughout the 1930s. After the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Soviet chemists used their experiences with the chemical industry to aid the war effort.

Evolution of the energy intensity concept in the domestic chemical industry: The past and future; investments and support

Evolution of the energy intensity concept in the domestic chemical industry: The past and future; investments and support

Foreign Agriculture and Food News: Turkish Planning Domestic Chemical Industry.

Foreign Agriculture and Food News: Turkish Planning Domestic Chemical Industry.