Domestic Animal Husbandry Research Articles

ADAR1 Promotes Myogenic Proliferation and Differentiation of Goat Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells.

As one of the most important economic traits for domestic animal husbandry, skeletal muscle is regulated by an intricate molecular network. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) involves various physiological processes and diseases, such as innate immunity and the development of lung adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, etc. However, its role in skeletal muscle growth requires further clarification. Here, we explored the functions of ADAR1 in the myogenic process of goat skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs). The ADAR1 transcripts were noticeably enriched in goat visceral tissues compared to skeletal muscle. Additionally, its levels in slow oxidative muscles like the psoas major and minor muscles were higher than in the fast oxidative glycolytic and fast glycolytic muscles. Among the two common isoforms from ADAR1, p110 is more abundant than p150. Moreover, overexpressing ADAR1 enhanced the proliferation and myogenic differentiation of MuSCs. The mRNA-seq performed on MuSCs' knockdown of ADAR1 obtained 146 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 87 upregulated and 59 downregulated. These DEGs were concentrated in muscle development and process pathways, such as the MAPK and cAMP signaling pathways. Furthermore, many DEGs as the key nodes defined by protein-protein interaction networks (PPI), including STAT3, MYH3/8, TGFβ2, and ACTN4, were closely related to the myogenic process. Finally, RNA immunoprecipitation combined with qPCR (RIP-qPCR) showed that ADAR1 binds to PAX7 and MyoD mRNA. This study indicates that ADAR1 promotes the myogenic development of goat MuSCs, which provides a useful scientific reference for further exploring the ADAR1-related regulatory networks underlying mammal skeletal muscle growth.

INTENSITY OF GREENHOUSE GAS FORMATION DUE TO LIVESTOCK FARMING ACTIVITIES – AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR

According to numerous expert assessments by international organizations and specialists, animal husbandry makes a significant negative contribution to global climate change due to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), which are formed at different stages of livestock production as a result of various chemical and biological processes in the body of animals and in livestock waste. The domestic animal husbandry is developing mainly due to the intensification of production in the industry, but traditional farming methods as well as small-scale production in the individual sector also take place. Since the use of various technologies in animal husbandry has different effects on the level of environmental pollution and GHG emissions, the aim of the research was to study the differences in the intensity of GHG gas formation by one animal reared with individual features of animal rearing technologies and business activities. The intensity of gas formation and emission of CH4 and N2O in typical farms for pork production and milk production by one animal reared was determined, analyzed and substantiated. A significant variation in this indicator was found depending on the individual economic and technological features of the studied farms. The average weighted annual intensity of CH4 emission from animal manure in pig farms varied within the range of 0.95–25.71, in cattle farm – 2.74; CH4 from intestinal fermentation of dairy cows – 110.8–148.4; N2O (direct) in pig farms – 0.0–0.106, in cattle farm – 0.229; N2O (indirect) in pig farms – 0.071–0.097, in cattle farm – 0.174. The emission intensity is characterized separately in each age and sex group of animals in the herd structure of farms and the average weighted emission intensity in pork producing farms depending on the season. Based on the research results, it is proposed to use the generalized average annual indicator of greenhouse gas emissions per one average weighted animal reared (kg/head/year) as an indicator of the environmental load of livestock farms on the environment, which will allow planning production volumes with minimal environmental risks in the context of climate change.

Rangeland degradation and management practice in Ethiopia: A systematic review paper

Globally, rangeland degradation is a serious environmental problem, especially in pastoral and semi-pastoral areas that are constantly shrinking. Ethiopian pastoralists are highly affected like other parts of Africa due to climate change and other associated environmental problems. Hence, rangeland degradation is considered as a major obstacle to the pastoralist economy in Ethiopia. This review analyzes rangeland degradation, its causes, effects, and management practices in Ethiopia. This review paper has collected data mostly from published and unpublished documents and analyzed its connection with the contemporary Ethiopian context. The main causes of rangeland degradation are climate change, overgrazing, bush encroachment, population pressure, drought, government policies, encroachment on rain-fed agriculture, and the demise of traditional resource management institutions. Rangeland degradation causes significant losses in biodiversity, water potential, soil condition, animal performance, domestic animal husbandry, and community poverty. Despite these implications, the adoption of alternative recovery strategies in the country is woefully inadequate and needs much attention in turning policies and proclamations into practical ones. Ethiopia's Rangeland is economically, socially, and politically marginalized, and the region urgently needs a significant increase in investment and strengthened political support for sustainable land management to address the rangeland degradation issues.

Spatial assessment of pollutant loads for surface water quality management: a case study in Lai Chau city, Vietnam

The aim of this study is to present a method for estimating the pollutant load from different sources in an effort to provide improved information regarding water pollution and help control the surface water pollution, using Lai Chau city as a case study. The pollutant load was calculated in accordance with the Vietnam Environment Administration Decree No.154/2019 on the guidance for calculating the total pollutant load of river water. The pollutant sources include point sources (domestic wastewater, animal husbandry, industrial complexes and economic services) and surface sources (run-off from agricultural land uses) that generate wastes that potentially contaminate water bodies. The source locations were mapped and spatially joined with the drainage-basin map delineated from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to calculate the loads for the sub-basin units. Multivariate analysis then showed that the farming and domestic sources had the strongest positive loading factors for the sub-basins located in the city center and its fringe areas. Of these waste from animal husbandry account for up to 75.1% of total pollutant load. The main conclusion from the study’s results is that the management approach should be changed from the total controlling mode, which is currently applied in the city, to a source specific approach based on the pollutant discharge loads and the allocated capacities.

Prospects for pharmacological screening of oral detoxification drugs with differentiation of targeted pathologies in animal husbandry

In the modern livestock sector, the domestic industry of the North-West region, cases of poisoning of animals on farms and large complexes are increasingly occurring. This is primarily due to the intensive use of various synthetic modulators, growth stimulants, fertilizers in the agronomic industry and the excessive use of antibiotics, hormones and other veterinary drugs in animal husbandry.Pharmacological screening of oral detoxification agents with differentiation of target pathologies is a promising direction in the development of domestic animal husbandry. A reasonable choice of sorbents in each individual case of poisoning allows you to quickly achieve a therapeutic effect, reduce the toxic load on the animal’s body, which further ensures sustainable productivity and high quality products. This work highlights the results of some studies on the functional activity of the most common enterosorbents in relation to toxins of various natures.Based on the results of the study, it was noted that with an increase in pH from 2.0 (rennet model) to 7.5 (analogue of the distal small intestine), a release of part of the indicator substance from the pores of the sorbent (desorption) is observed, which reduces its absolute sorption effect [5] . The lowest desorption value was shown by atoxyl (8.5%) and phytopos (9.0%). That is why these drugs are the most effective oral detoxification agents for toxins with a molecular weight close to methylene blue.The maximum adsorption effect for various poisonings in animals can be achieved by using sorbing agents that are highly selective for a particular toxin. Research on the choice of oral detoxification agents with differentiation of target pathologies significantly expands the database on existing sorbents, makes it possible to prevent and treat poisonings of various types more effectively, and provides opportunities for the combined use of various adsorbent substances.

The impact of green finance policy on land ecological security: City-level evidence from China

As the phenomenon of ecological degradation increases, there is a growing body of research related to green finance, but no papers evaluating the link between it and land ecological security. Thus, this research calculates land ecological security using data from 158 cities in China's major grain-producing regions from 2012 to 2020. Taking China's green finance policy as an example, it applies the synthetic difference-in-difference method to analyze green finance's impact on land ecological security. The conclusions show that, first, green financial policy implementation has contributed to the improvement of land ecological security by 0.154 units. This result still holds after a series of robustness tests such as parallel trend tests, dynamic effects tests, and placebo tests. Second, mechanism analysis finds that green finance affects land ecological security through three paths: agricultural scale management, agricultural technological progress, and eco-industrialization. Third, in terms of the sub-dimension of eco-industrialization, green finance promotes domestic tourism revenues, agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry, while its impact on international tourism revenues and fisheries is not significant. The results herein confirm the role of green finance in securing ecological security of land. Future research will further enrich the indicator system of land ecological security as well as excavate the boundary conditions for green finance in order to promote land ecological security.

Development and evaluation of a droplet digital PCR assay to detect Brucella in human whole blood.

With the development of domestic animal husbandry, the spread of brucellosis has accelerated, and the scope of the epidemic has expanded. The timely and accurate diagnosis of human brucellosis continues to challenge clinicians in endemic areas. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technology can quickly and accurately determine DNA load in samples, providing laboratory evidence for diagnosis, prognosis and management of brucellosis patients. In this study, a ddPCR method was established to accurately quantify Brucella DNA load in whole blood samples, and its diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value for human brucellosis was evaluated. Annealing temperature, primers, and probe targeting the Brucella bcsp31 gene were optimised, and the sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of the ddPCR assay were assessed using 94 whole blood samples from 61 confirmed and 33 suspected cases. Results were compared with those of quantitative PCR (qPCR). Nine follow-up brucellosis patients were also analysed by the two methods after 2 and 6 months of treatment. Optimal primer and probe concentrations were 800 nmol/L and 400 nmol/L, respectively, and the optimal annealing temperature was 55.3 °C. The ddPCR results showed that the limit of detection was 1.87 copies per reaction, with high repeatability. The positive rates for ddPCR and qPCR were 88.5% and 75.4% among 61 serum agglutination test (SAT) positive patients. In addition, 57.6% (19/33) of suspected sero-negative samples were positive by ddPCR, but only 36.3% (12/33) were positive by qPCR. Analysis of nine post-therapy follow-up brucellosis patients revealed that the Brucella DNA load in the whole blood samples decreased after 2 and 6 months of treatment, and was slightly increased following relapse and continuous exposure. The ddPCR assay showed good accuracy for whole blood samples, and could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool for detecting Brucella.

SOME ASPECTS OF USING THE MEANS OF THE STATE BUDGET TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The main purpose of this article is to describe the theoretical features of state regulation of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as a comprehensive assessment of food security in Kazakhstan. Abstract-logical, monographic, economic, and statistical methods, as well as General scientific methods: synthesis, analysis, comparison, generalization were used in the study. The scientific article reveals the essence of food security of territorial communities, as well as indicators that affect the level of development of the agro-industrial complex, ensuring this security. The main conclusion of this article is to study the theoretical aspects and main tasks of food security, as well as to assess the food security of Kazakhstan based on indicators. In Kazakhstan, the agro-industrial complex is gradually developing, in some areas of agriculture significant progress is observed compared to the previous 10 years. In crop production, the transition from the production of monocultures, mainly wheat, to the diversification of the crop structure in favor of oil crops, fodder and other crops is gradually developing. There are also positive trends in the production of fruit crops. In the country, which has experienced serious problems in the last two decades, the breeding composition of agricultural animals in animal husbandry is mainly improving. The production of domestic animal husbandry products also tends to positive development, which is confirmed by data on the volume of meat and dairy products produced in the country.

СПОСОБИ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ТВАРИННИЦТВА: СУТНІСТЬ, ТЕОРЕТИЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ТА КОМПАРАТИВНА ОЦІНКА

The scientific article has proven the importance of researching the methods of forming the competitiveness of products within the framework of ensuring the formation of the competitiveness of Ukrainian livestock products. The possibility of domestic animal husbandry increasing the volume of production and sales of Ukrainian livestock products on the national and international markets based on increasing the competitiveness of both producers and their products has been emphasized. Identification of reasons for a possible increase in the production volume and sales of Ukrainian livestock products on national and international markets was carried out. Four methods of forming product competitiveness have been defined: market; resourceful; innovative; and marketing. A theoretical description of specific methods of forming the competitiveness of livestock products according to some main parameters (features) has been provided. These features include resources, price, costs, quality, owners and management of the enterprise, counterparties, competitors, consumers, solvent demand, sales promotion, information, and innovations. Separately, a comparative assessment of the methods of forming the competitiveness of products has been carried out with the division of all defined parameters (features) into key and secondary parameters (features), as well as parameters (features) that are not taken into account for forming the competitiveness of products. For the owners and management of the enterprise, counterparties, competitors, and consumers, the type of behavior (impact) on the market, active or passive, have been determined within the framework of a comparative assessment of the methods of forming the competitiveness of products, according to each of the above methods (market, resource, innovation, and marketing). Also, the study has provided conclusions regarding the possibility of using methods of forming the competitiveness of products for Ukrainian livestock products. The article has identified insufficient options to implement the strategies of creating competitiveness of the products for livestock products in practice due to the presence of a significant number of restrictions, first of all, regarding the consideration of the impact parameters.

РЕЦЕНЗІЯ НА МОНОГРАФІЮ В. І. КУЧЕРА «Науково-організаційне забезпечення тваринництва України в роки Другої світової війни. Київ: Наукова столиця, 2022. 224 с.»

The monograph of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Volodymyr Kucher, dedicated to the coverage of events and phenomena in the development of the livestock industry in Ukraine on the eve and during the Second World War, was reviewed. In the scientific publication, based on the analysis of available archival and printed sources, reports of scientific research institutions, the experience of animal husbandry practitioners who were direct participants in the events, their contribution to the preservation and reproduction of breeding stock of agricultural animals of various species in the difficult conditions of war and the post-war period. It is argued that methodological and scientific and organizational conditions for the development of the livestock industry in Ukraine were laid in the post-war years. The peer-reviewed work is one of the few modern publications that reflect the historical development of agricultural science in crisis conditions, in particular, the provision of scientific support for domestic animal husbandry.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Demodex folliculorum Infestation: A Cross-Sectional Study in Peruvian Patients.

Background. Demodex folliculorum is a mite that causes human demodicosis, which is characterized by producing lesions on the face, and its infestation could be associated with factors that alter the immune response, including Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between T2D and D. folliculorum infestation in patients attended at a hospital in Peru in 2021. Methods. A cross-sectional study enrolling patients who were classified according to the presence (n = 100) and absence (n = 100) of T2D was conducted. Information was obtained on age, sex, domestic animal husbandry, and symptoms and signs associated with demodicosis. Demodicosis was determined to be present when counts of D. folliculorum greater than five mites per cm2 were found in superficial facial skin biopsies. Results. A frequency of demodicosis in 76 and 35 patients with and without T2D, respectively, was observed. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for confounders age, sex, and domestic animal husbandry, T2D was found to be associated with D. folliculorum infestation (PR: 2.13; 95% CI95: 1.42–3.19). Conclusions. T2D was associated with D. folliculorum infestation. In this sense, it is important to strengthen surveillance to identify of D. folliculorum infestation in people with T2D.

Анализ рисков распространения катаральной лихорадки овец в Казахстане

Kazakhstan is considered to be free from bluetongue. At the same time, biting midges of the genus Culicoides, which are the main vectors of the bluetongue virus, are widespread in the country. An optimal climate for biting midge breeding, a high density of livestock susceptible to the virus, and a constant influx of imported breeding stock from areas where the infection is endemic in southern Kazakhstan cumulatively constitute favorable conditions for the spread of bluetongue in the case of virus transmission in Kazakhstan from other countries. The uncontrolled spread of this infection on the territory of Kazakhstan can be associated with colossal economic losses since sheep breeding is paramount for domestic animal husbandry. In this case, economic costs will not be limited only by the death of animals; significant damage can be caused to the image of our country as an exporter of lamb. This review provides information highlighting the importance of bluetongue control programs in Kazakhstan and an analysis of the risks of the spread of this infection in the country.

Analysis of the risks of the spread of camelpox in Kazakhstan

Camel breeding is an important area of domestic animal husbandry. Significant territories of Kazakhstan are occupied by deserts, and camels are one of the few domestic animals capable of living on such lands. Camelpox is the most economically important viral callus disease of camelids. Previously, epizootics of this infection occurred in the country. It is important that the number of camels in the country has been constantly increasing over the past decade, so the risks associated with the emergence of new epizootics are multiplying. To ensure effective measures to control this dangerous disease of camels, it is necessary to carry out total monitoring of the entire territory of the country. Sporadic serological studies were previously carried out only in the Mangystau region, the level of seroprevalence to the camelpox pathogen for other regions of the country has not been determined. It is critical that such monitoring is carried out before the start of the camel vaccination campaign with a domestically produced vaccine, so that the effectiveness of the vaccination can be assessed. The article presents data on the analysis of risks associated with the spread of camelpox in Kazakhstan, as well as the results of preparatory work for monitoring the country's territory in relation to camelpox. Key words: camelpox, camelpox virus, Orthopoxvirus, epizootology, epidemiology.

Ecological Knowledge and Management of Fauna Among the Mexicatl of the Sierra Negra, México: An Interpretive Approach

Generally motivated by the relevance of animals in human subsistence, the management of fauna has taken different shapes throughout the world. This study aims to analyse a typology of management forms, exploring their relationship with the motivation to maintain coexistence and use of fauna and mitigate negative human-fauna interactions by the Mexicatl (Nahua) people in Central Mexico. We generally expected to find a broad spectrum of management types in a gradient of interactions intensity. This is because we hypothesised that the more meaningful these interactions due to the magnitude of benefit or damage, philias, or phobias among other positive or negative perceptions, and ecological aspects and management viability, the more actions and practices might be motivated to maintain or mitigate them. We conducted a qualitative research based on interpretivist approaches, mixing qualitative and quantitative analyses, to register the Mexicatl names of fauna present in the area and recognised by locals and to analyse the influence of local ecological knowledge (LEK) and natural history as perceived by people on the use, conflicts, and management practices regarding local fauna. In order to gather such information, in 2018 and 2019 we generated 356 free lists of fauna and 20 sessions of group interviews about the presence of animals in the area, the Mexicatl name, information on distribution, diet, use, management, and other facts. We used visual stimuli with children and young people from schools of basic and intermediate levels in five rural communities and the municipal head of Coyomeapan, Puebla. We also generated free lists and in-depth interviews with 18 persons older than 16 years. People recognised 114 animal items, the most salient being 11 domestic and 14 wild animals including deer, medium and small mammals, snakes, and birds. For both domestic and wild fauna, people reported 18 use categories and three types of damage (crop losses, predation of domestic animals, and damages to health). LEK interacted with traditional celebrations, religious beliefs, land tenure, and migration to define preferences and management types of fauna. Bushmeat demand, especially for Mazama temama and Cuniculus paca, was related to a perception of healthy nutrition properties. Management actions included husbandry of domestic animals, extraction of wild animals for supply, or to avoid damages, captivity, tolerance to damage, protection of seeds and domestic animals threatened by wild fauna, regulations for extraction of wild fauna, and agreements to prevent conflicts. Mixed quantitative and qualitative approaches allowed the interpretation of the human-fauna interactions related to subsistence, coexistence, and the high relevance of LEK, perceptions, religious beliefs, ecosystem, socio-demographic factors, and animal behaviour and habits, which are crucial factors that influence the shaping of management practices. Local management strategies of fauna were diverse and contribute to biocultural conservation and theoretical construction on domestication.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ПТАХІВНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ

According to UN data since 1975 every 12 years the world's population adds a billion people. The last milestone – 7 billion people – was crossed by humanity in 2011. And in November 2022, another milestone was crossed – there were 8 billion people in the world [1]. However, the growth of the planet's population causes a problem related to nutrition security, especially animal proteins that even existing population of the planet feels a significant deficit of. In addition, the global jump in prices for food, energy resources and fertilizers, which is observed as a result of the war in Ukraine, threatens to spread problems of food supply in many countries of the world and may lead to global destabilization and mass migration of the population of underdeveloped countries at an unprecedented scale. One of the main directions for overcoming this deficit and the existing global problem of providing the population with proteins of animal origin is expanding the possibilities of its production according to the main sources of their origin - increasing the volume of meat and fish production. That is why solving the issues of ensuring a balanced diet and sufficient consumption of animal proteins by the global population, solving the problem of providing it with high-quality and safe food in quantities that correspond to scientifically based consumption norms, and determining the main directions of development of the domestic production of animal proteins are very urgent and require further of research. The article defines the place of domestic animal husbandry and the meat industry in the world production of proteins of animal origin. The sources and dynamics of the average annual domestic volume and structure of production, export, sales volume and level of consumption of meat in the country in general and, in particular, poultry meat during the last years are analyzed. The results of the study indicate a general increase in the values of these indicators, which indicates the dynamic development of the domestic meat industry. The leading countries in the import of domestic poultry meat and eggs have been determined It is recommended to increase the volume of poultry meat production, because in poultry farming, the duration of the production cycle is the shortest, production has greater economic efficiency, and consumers positively perceive the nutritional properties of poultry. The growth of the poultry population and the volume of chicken production will increase price competition in the domestic and world markets.

Can Domestic Animal Husbandry Develop Independently? An Empirical Study of China’s Beef Cattle Industry

Can Domestic Animal Husbandry Develop Independently? An Empirical Study of China’s Beef Cattle Industry

Farming and stock-breeding in the La Tène culture communities in Poland

In this article, the basic information on the research on the economy of the La Tène culture communities living in the southern part of Poland in the early and middle La Tène period is presented. The analysis of natural data shows that the local economy of the Celtic settlers from Silesia and Lesser Poland did not differ in quality from that of their countrymen from the area south of the Carpathians and the Sudetes. Agriculture was based on the cultivation of cereals, among which different varieties of wheat dominated with a relatively small share of barley and common millet. Contrary to earlier opinions, rye and oat cultivation was not widespread. In typical rural settlements, cattle farming was by far the dominant activity. Breeding swine and small ruminants were in the second position, but the proportion between these species varied from region to region. The very small proportion of wild animal bones known from the surveyed settlements indicates an advanced process of deforestation of the inhabited area and well-developed domestic animal husbandry.

The impact of innovations on the efficiency of animal husbandry in Lviv region

Domestic agricultural enterprises do not have a high level of innovation activity, however, stable and competitive operation of an agricultural enterprise is impossible without its innovative activity. Stabilization of the situation in the agricultural sector with the current level of competition and constant technological variables, the innovative vector of development is the driving component of economic growth. Activation of innovation of domestic agricultural enterprises is one of the important prerequisites for stability and sustainable socio-economic development of the country. Consequently, the effective functioning of the livestock industry is possible only under the conditions of systemic and purposeful innovation aimed at finding a variety of new opportunities provided by the business environment. The innovation process in domestic animal husbandry is clearly aimed at the end result - a certain socio-economic, technical or environmental effects. The efficiency of animal husbandry is determined after the introduction of innovation, calculated by the method of evaluation of investment projects. On the example of Lviv region we analyzed the conditions of innovative activity in animal husbandry, assessed the modern innovative potential of the industry, established the features of its innovation and investment activities. SWOT-analysis is an important component of assessing the position of livestock enterprises in the region. It should be recognized that the innovative activity of livestock enterprises is mainly associated with the final stage of the innovation process – the development of innovations. In 2020, farms of all categories of Lviv region compared to 2019 decreased meat production (sales for slaughter of farm animals in live weight) by 1.6 %, milk – by 4.7 %, eggs – by 0.3 %. cattle on farms of all categories on January 1, 2021 amounted to 144.4 thousand heads (including cows – 86.2 thousand heads), pigs – 346.1 thousand heads, poultry – 10.5 million. heads. Compared to January 1, 2020, the number of poultry increased by 5.7 %, pigs – by 4.1 %, the number of cattle decreased by 8.2 % (including cows – by 8.6 %). Innovative activity of the livestock industry is formed under the influence of the domestic innovation system and has its own specifics, which is caused by the peculiarities of agriculture. Most innovative projects are aimed at introducing innovations that contribute to the intensification of animal husbandry and increase the competitiveness of products. Thus, on the basis of innovative development of animal husbandry it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, which will allow Ukrainian producers to achieve significant results in world markets for agricultural products.

Calculation of the salary and key provisions of the methodology for determining the total costs of technical service of machinery and equipment in animal husbandry

The initial data for calculating the basic salary are: the labour intensity of carrying out maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment in animal husbandry, as well as hourly tariff rates for workers in workshops and areas for the repair of agricultural machinery and tools, which are accepted directly in farms and repair and maintenance organizations independently, but not lower than the tariff rate has been established for budget organizations. The purpose of the work was to calculate the basic salary of personnel according to the tariff categories used in the Republic of Belarus, and to consider the key provisions of the methodology for determining the total costs of technical service of machinery and equipment in animal husbandry. The most important provisions of the methodology for calculating the basic salary of personnel of repair and maintenance departments and organizations operating in the livestock subcomplex of the Agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus have been presented. The main points of the methodology for calculating the total costs of maintenance and repair for machines and equipment of livestock farms and complexes have been given in relation to the conditions and their own features of accounting and planning of repair and maintenance work in domestic animal husbandry. An example of practical calculation of costs for carrying out various types of maintenance and repair of a widely used domestic milking machine has been considered.

Research on Sheep Recognition Algorithm Based on Deep Learning in Animal Husbandry

At this stage, the domestic animal husbandry industry has a very important support role in the domestic market economy, and the sheep industry has received extensive attention as one of the important industries. Limb movements and activities can directly reflect the adaptability of sheep to the breeding environment and conditions, and provide a richer scientific and technical experience for sheep breeding. The sheep target detection is an important prerequisite for grasping the movement behavior of sheep. Therefore, how to efficiently and accurately identify and detect sheep has become the key to the development of sheep industry at this stage. In this paper, the Faster-RCNN neural network model based on the Soft-NMS algorithm is studied, which realizes the real-time detection and positioning of sheep under complex breeding conditions, and improves the accuracy of recognition while ensuring the detection speed. Experiments show that the proposed detection model can detect sheep with 95.32% accuracy and mark the location of the target in real time, which provides an effective data foundation for sheep behavior research and helps promote the development of high-tech animal husbandry effect.