Domestic Animal Diversity Information System Research Articles

Preparation of the first report on the state of the world's animal genetic resources. Guidelines for the development of Country Reports

These Guidelines are for use in assisting the development of Country Reports as strategic policy documentation covering the state of animal genetic resources, of the art and capacity to manage these resources, and of country needs and priorities.The Guidelines serve to help support conduct of the country-driven State of the World Process for Animal Genetic Resources, preparation for which is being co-ordinated globally by FAO. The Country Reports will serve as the formative documentation in this Process and the involvement of all stakeholders in the development of these Reports is strongly encouraged.A broad range of experts and of countries have contributed to developing the Guidelines, which are designed for use in conjunction with the State of the World Reporting Module of the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System http://www.fao.org/dad-is/ following training and in-country coordination of action.

El Programa Mundial para el Manejo de los Recursos Genéticos de los Animales Domésticos

<p>Actualmente existen cerca de 3.972 razas de crianza incluidas en 28 especies de animales domésticos según estimativos del Banco Mundial de Datos de la FAO, las cuales contribuyen significativamente al bienestar material, social y cultural de la población humana. Se estima que el3o% de estas razas están en riesgo o peligro de extinción. El mantener la diversidad entre y en las especies, es crucial para el desarrollo actual y futuro de los sistemas sostenibles de producción animal. El marco de referencia general del Programa Global para el Manejo de los Recursos Genéticos Animales de la FAO (Programa de la FAO), está apoyado por el Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica (CBD), por la Conferencia sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas (UnceD), realizada en Río de Janeiro en 1992 y por las recomendaciones hechas en varias reuniones realizadas entre gobiernos y con otras entidades. El Programa de la FAO colabora con los países en el estudio y la documentación de sus razas de crianza, en estrategias para su mejor utilización y conservación, de modo que sea posible su uso en el futuro y, además para facilitar el acceso a estos recursos genéticos únicos.</p><p>El Programa de la FAO incluye cuatro puntos básicos: 1) una estructura global dirigida en el país; 2) un mecanismo intergubernamental para controlar el progreso y el desarrollo de una política internacional; 3) un programa técnico de trabajo; y, 4) un grupo de expertos que asesoran el desarrollo del Programa . La función de la FAO es básicamente liderar, facilitar y, en general, coordinar e informar. La estructura física del Programa está compuesta por las Oficinas Centrales Nacionales en los países, por las Oficinas en las principales regiones y subregiones del mundo y por la Oficina Principal de la FAO en Roma. La estructura virtual del Programa está constituida por el Sistema de Información sobre Diversidad Animal Nacional (DAD-IS), disponible ahora en Internet. Actualmente la estructura está completa en Europa, comenzó con 12 países en Asia, está en proceso de formación en América y, en 1997, se iniciará en el Cercano Oriente.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The Global Program for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources</strong></p><p>At present there are 3-972 breeds for 28 domestic species according to FAO's Global Databank estimatives which are contributing significantly to the material, social and cultural welfare of the human population. It is estimated that 30% of these breeds are either at risk or endangered of becoming extinct. Maintaining diversity among and within species is crucial for the present and future development of sustainable animal production systems. The general framework of reference for the FAO Global Program for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAO Program for short) is the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) endorsed by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Unced) held in Río De Janeiro in 1992 and recommendations made by various FAO intergovernmental and other forums. The FAO Program is aimed at assisting countries to survey and document their breeds of livestock, better utilize these breeds, maintain them for possible future use and access those unique genetic resources. The FAO Program comprises four components: a country driven global structure, an intergovernmental mechanism to effectively monitor progress and develop international policy, a technical program of work, and cadres of experts to help guide the Program development. FAO's role is that of leading, facilitating and globally coordinating and reporting. The Program physical structure is composed of National Focal points in countries, Regional Focal Points in the main world regions and sub­regions and a Global Focus at FAO, Rome. The virtual structure of the Program is that of the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS), available now on the Internent. At present the structure has been completed for Europe, started with 12 countries in Asia, in the process of formation in the Americas and initiation will start in 1997 in the Near East.</p>

Effects of Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation on Dart-Throwing Performance: Another Nonreplication

We attempted to replicate Ross's (1978) findings, reported in 1978 by Silverman, Ross, Adler, and Lustig, on the effects of subliminal oedipal messages on males' dart-throwing performance. Methodological changes were introduced in this experiment to make it consistent with general tachistoscopic procedure and to rule out alternative explanations of results. Further, experimental conditions maximized the possibility that the subliminal messages would influence dart-throwing performance. Despite those design improvements, means for 120 subjects following exposure of BEATING DAD IS OK and BEATING DAD IS WRONG did not differ significantly from control means, and the difference between the means for BEATING messages was nonsignificant. These results are in sharp contrast to those found in Ross's original experiment. Ideas for further research in this area are offered.

A Replication and Extension

A subliminal psychodynamic activation experiment was conducted in which the effects of five subliminal stimuli were sought on the dart-throwing performance of male subjects. The stimuli consisted of the following messages, each accompanied by a congruent picture: BEATING DAD IS OK, BEATING DAD IS WRONG, BEATING HIM IS OK, BEATING HIM IS WRONG, and PEOPLE ARE WALKING. The first two stimuli were intended to activate competitive motives within the context of the Oedipus complex; the next two, competitive motives outside that context; and the last was intended as a control stimulus. BEATING DAD IS OK led to greater dart-throwing accuracy than each of the other four conditions, which in turn did not differ from each other. This finding replicated a result reported by Silverman, L. H., Ross, D., Adler, J., and Lustig, D. (J. Abnorm. Psychol., 87: 341-357, 1978) and is in keeping with the formulation that the activation of oedipal motives can affect competitive performance. Neither a subject variable (fear of success) nor the differential effects of two experimenters was found to interact with stimulus conditions in affecting dart scores.