Personality Domains Research Articles

The association between personality, relationship satisfaction, and psychopathology in a three-wave, longitudinal study.

The aim of this work was to better understand the role of personality as it relates to psychopathology, with satisfaction as a mediating variable. Personality is an important determinant of many life outcomes including relationship satisfaction and psychopathology. Previous work has demonstrated that broad domains of normal personality have low-to-moderate associations with various forms of psychopathology. Research has primarily focused on mechanisms that might explain how common personality traits put one at risk for common forms of psychopathology; this work builds upon existing work in examining relationship satisfaction as one possible mechanism. No study to date has examined whether relationship satisfaction mediates the connection between personality and psychopathology. We utilized multilevel modeling in a longitudinal sample of 100 newlywed couples to test the hypothesis that major domains of personality (positive temperament, negative temperament, disinhibition) have a significant effect on relationship satisfaction which, in turn, is significantly associated with internalizing and externalizing forms of psychopathology. We found no evidence for the mediating role of relationship satisfaction; however, in exploratory analyses, we did find evidence for both between-person and within-person effects of personality on psychopathology. This study confirms the role of personality as an important factor in consideration of dyadic processes, though not entirely deterministic for downstream functioning. Thus, separate factors in addition to personality may be worth examining in consideration of how low relationship satisfaction may be associated with psychopathology.

Regular Physical Exercise Adherence Scale (REPEAS): a new instrument to measure environmental and personal barriers to adherence to regular physical exercise

ObjectiveTo create, develop, and validate a scale that identifies the environmental and personal barriers that make it difficult to adhere to the practice of physical exercise on a regular basis in a population of Brazilian adults.MethodsWe include adult individuals, aged 18–59 years, practitioners or former practitioners of physical exercise, with Brazilian Portuguese as their mother tongue. In the development and validation phases of the process, 6 specialists in the field of the health assessed the content validity: firstly, the specialists were asked to freely list the questions they would ask to investigate the barriers to adherence to regulating physical activity. Secondly, after compiling all the suggestions listed and eliminating suggestions with similar content, the items suggested in the first round were sent to the specialists so that an evaluation of all questions using a 5-point Likert scale and the content validity coefficient was calculated. We then evaluated the structural validity, construct validity, reliability, internal consistency, and ceiling and floor effects of the Regular Physical Exercise Adherence Scale (REPEAS).ResultsSixteen items were proposed to measure the factors that make it difficult to adhere to the regular practice of physical exercise. The internal structure of the REPEAS initially tested was based on the theoretical proposal of creating the instrument with two domains. After the structural analysis, we used the modification indices to identify the redundant items of the instrument. Consequently, the final version of the REPEAS after factor analysis had 12 items. Thus, the structure with 2 domains and 12 items presented adequate fit indices. With regard to construct validity, the REPEAS scores were compared in two distinct groups: irregular practitioners/ex-practitioners versus regular practitioners of physical exercise, in which a significant difference could be observed between groups (p < 0.001) for both the domains. Acceptable reliability was observed for the environment and personal domains, with ICC values of 0.86 and 0.94, in the same order. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha value was 0.908 (environmental domain) and 0.915 (personal domain), these values being adequate for the REPEAS.ConclusionThe REPEAS is a scale with a valid two-dimensional internal structure, consisting of 12 items, reliable and with a valid construct, which supports its use in the clinical, epidemiological, and research contexts in Brazil.

Can scuba diving transform the lives of people with physical impairments? A mixed methods study

PurposeThis study aimed to: (1) test and explain the type of experience scuba diving is among people with physical impairments based on the experience-type framework; (2) assess and describe their personality based on the Big Five domains; and (3) identify if personality, years diving, and diving level predict experience-type.MethodsAn explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed. The quantitative phase used a cross-sectional survey (n = 103). The qualitative phase used follow-up interviews with 15 participants divided into 3 case study groups. Joint displays with meta-inferences integrated the data.ResultsQuantitative and qualitative findings concurred on scuba being a transformative experience. 82.52% of survey participants reported scuba as a transformative experience, with no significant differences on experience impact based on impairment category (p = 0.56), impairment onset (p = 0.66), gender (p = 0.08), race/ethnicity (p = 0.51), or age (p = 0.07). Big Five personality domains, years diving, or diving level did not predict experience impact (R2 = 0.14, F(12,90) = 1.304, p = 0.2305). Data strand results differed on salient personality domains. Seven qualitative themes emerged, five on experience-type and two on personality.ConclusionsWe recommend the exploration of scuba diving as a prospective rehabilitation intervention.

ELT teachers’ agency for wellbeing

Abstract Wellbeing is crucial for teachers, not only for themselves but also for ensuring that they teach to the best of their abilities. Thus, identifying ways of empowering teachers to take action to boost or maintain their wellbeing is vital. In this article, an ecological lens is adopted to understand what determines language teachers’ agency for wellbeing. A thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 30 EFL teachers based in Austria revealed four key themes which help to explain how teachers exercise their agency for wellbeing. These are: triggers, reflection, affordances, and action. The results show that critical incidents in their personal and professional domains act as triggers drawing teachers’ attention towards their wellbeing and starting a process of deeper reflection. However, a prerequisite for taking action following this reflection appears to be a perceived sense of control about their ability to change things in their personal and professional lives.

Personal use of smartphones in the workplace and work–life conflict: a natural quasi-experiment

PurposePrior research has extensively examined how bringing technology from work into the non-work life domain creates conflict, yet the reverse pathway has rarely been studied. The purpose of this study is to bridge this gap and examine how the non-work use of smartphones in the workplace affects work–life conflict.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from three literature streams: technostress, work–life conflict and role boundary theory, the authors theorise on how limiting employees' ability to integrate the personal life domain into work, by means of technology use policy, contributes to stress and work–life conflict. To test this model, the authors employ a natural experiment in a company that changed its policy from fully restricting to open smartphone access for non-work purposes in the workplace. The insights gained from the experiment were explored further through qualitative interviews.FindingsWork–life conflict declines when a ban on using smartphones for non-work purposes in the workplace is revoked. This study's results show that the relationship between smartphone use in the workplace and work–life conflict is mediated by sensed stress. Additionally, a post-hoc analysis reveals that work performance was unchanged when the smartphone ban was revoked.Originality/valueFirst, this study advances the authors' understanding of how smartphone use policies in the workplace spill over to affect non-work life. Second, this work contributes to the technostress literature by revealing how, in specific situations, engagement with ICT can reduce distress and strain.

Psychological pillars of support for free speech: Tolerance for offensive, disagreeing, socially divisive, and heterodox speech

Freedom of speech is a core value in free and democratic societies, but its psychological characteristics are not well understood. Here, we test a model of support for freedom of speech consisting of four correlated dimensions: 1) Tolerance of offensive speech, 2) Tolerance of disagreement, 3) Tolerance of heterodox speech, and 4) Tolerance of socially divisive speech. Study 1 (N = 809) supported this model, finding that freedom of speech measures fit this four-factor structure well and showed strong external validity. Replication (Study 2, N = 721) confirmed this four-factor structure and its external validity. The scales also showed strong discriminant validity, e.g., MFQ-2 moral foundations accounted for <3 % of freedom of speech variance. A third study confirmed the 7-month test-retest reliability of the scales. In summary, support for free speech could be measured validly and reliably, spanning multiple dimensions and providing a firm base for research on this essential trait. It was robust to potential confounders of personality and moral domains, suggesting that variation in support for freedom of speech may index a separate “liberty” moral foundation.

A Comprehensive Aspect-Level Approach to the Personality Micro-Foundations of Foreign Policy Attitudes.

We analyze in this article the effects of personality on attitudes toward foreign policy through a comprehensive aspect-level approach. We claim that previous observed null domain-level effects are the product of the aspect-level effects of opposing signs. By and large, we show that some personality effects are of comparable size or bigger than demographics studied in the literature, and that some of these effects are unique and independent of demographic covariates. Our results show that openness, orderliness, and compassion render people to be more supportive of cooperation. Assertiveness is the primary driver of support for the use of military force, whereas politeness and withdrawal ground reverse effects. Volatility roots isolationism postures, whereas industriousness, enthusiasm, and compassion show strong opposing effects. Moving beyond the Big Five personality domain approach provides us with a deeper and more nuanced understanding of how personality is associated with attitudes toward international issues.

An Empirical Analysis of Work-life Balance on Work from Home during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study on Men and Women

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought tremendous changes and challenges to male and female employees. The idea of work-life balance means, that a human’s life outside of the job is equally important to their work life and that the amount of time spent working should be evenly divided by the amount of time spent doing things, such as occupied hours with friends and family, exercising, and other similar ventures. Amongst other challenges, attaining satisfaction and balance is a key challenge. Aim: The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of men's and women's work-life balance during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, the theoretical framework of which is the work-life balance theory, which asserts that individuals should have an equitable distribution of time and energy between their work and personal life domains. The theory emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance to promote overall well-being and satisfaction Methodology: The current study is descriptive, empirical, and quantitative. The data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 200 working men and women employees. The latest PLS method was also used to analyse the obtained data. Results: The findings reveal that women experience more workload than men because of their personal involvement in their jobs through the period of working from home. Notably, there were no gender variances in the connection between work interruptions and personal life. It was found that the organization could help to reduce work interference with personal life and that by doing so, employees’ work-life unevenness could be reduced to some level. Practical and Social Implication: Given the possibility of employees experiencing psychological stress, a company could consider arranging for a trained professional to provide online counselling. Such a strategic initiative by a company during stressful times could motivate employees. The environment may also aid employees in maintaining their psychological welfare Conclusion: Many prior studies have examined the nature of WLB and the psychological and behavioural disorders that employees face. This study aimed to investigate the work-life balance in which employees were mandated to work from home during the -19 pandemic.

Are trajectories of personality and socioeconomic factors prospectively associated with midlife cognitive function? Findings from a 12-year longitudinal study of Mexican-origin adults.

Problems with memory, executive function, and language are a significant public health concern, especially when they begin during midlife. However, there is relatively little work on risk and protective factors for cognitive function in middle adulthood. Using data from 883 Mexican-origin adults assessed up to 6 times across 12 years (Mage at Time 1 = 38.2 years; range = 27-63 years), the present study examined whether developmental trajectories (levels and slopes) of Big Five personality domains and socioeconomic factors (per capita income, economic stress) were prospectively associated with cognitive function (memory, mental status, verbal fluency) at the final assessment. We found that individuals with higher levels of, and smaller decreases in, Neuroticism had worse cognitive function 12 years later. Further, individuals with higher initial Conscientiousness had better subsequent memory, mental status, and verbal fluency, and individuals with higher Openness and Extraversion had better subsequent verbal fluency (but not memory or mental status). The trajectories of per capita income and economic stress were robustly associated with cognitive function, such that higher initial levels and greater increases in socioeconomic resources had protective associations, whereas higher levels and greater increases in economic stress had deleterious associations with cognitive function. Higher education level was associated with better cognitive function 12 years later. These findings suggest that changes in personality and socioeconomic factors across adulthood are associated with cognitive function, which may be informative for interventions to support healthier cognitive aging starting at least as early as midlife. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The Degree of Including Contextual Questions ‎According to the Program for International ‎Student Assessment (PISA) in Science ‎Textbooks for the Intermediate Stage in Saudi ‎Arabia

The main goal of this study was to ascertain how much ‎contextual searches and their corresponding domains are ‎present in Saudi Arabian science textbooks for the intermediate ‎level. The sample consists of questions from intermediate-level ‎science textbooks. The researcher created an analytic tool that ‎comprised the type of context and the contextual question ‎domains in order to meet the study objectives. The question was ‎regarded as a unit of analysis, and there were 1,857 questions ‎examined. Frequencies and percentages were used in the ‎statistical treatment. The results revealed a 5.6% decline in the ‎percentage of contextual questions in scientific textbooks, a ‎‎6.8% increase in concealed questions, and an 88% increase in ‎conceptual questions. The personal domain was the most often ‎asked contextual question (76%). The percentage of global ‎domain queries reached 16%, while the percentage of local ‎domain questions fell to 8%.‎ ‎(Keywords: Contextual Questions, Science Textbooks, ‎Program for International Student Assessment (PISA))‎

Dark tetrad and vulnerable dark triad traits: Identifying latent profiles from a person-centered approach

Dark Tetrad (D4; psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, sadism) and Vulnerable Dark Triad (VDT; borderline symptomatology, vulnerable narcissism, and Factor 2 psychopathy) traits share antagonistic tendencies, but also have distinct characteristics—the former presenting callous and unemotional traits, and the latter, emotionally vulnerable facets. The present study (N = 1651 community participants) aims to explore if the combination of D4 and VDT traits can yield meaningful personality profiles using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), and to compare these profiles on external variables, namely gender, age, PID-5-BF personality domains, ACME empathy dimensions, and BPAQ-SF aggression. The optimal LCA solution resulted in four profiles: Low traits (LT), Moderate Dark Tetrad (MDT), High Dark Tetrad (HDT), and Vulnerable Dark Triad (VDT). D4 profiles were distinguished by a continuum of severity, and qualitative differences were also observed on latent indicators leading to the identification of a VDT profile. Findings suggest that individuals from the HDT profile might be characterized by a cold relational approach with proneness to act aggressively, and to take pleasure in hurting others. The present study also provides further support for the VDT—characterized by negative emotionality, hostility, and feelings of envy.

Measuring Social Toxicity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background: AML is an aggressive and costly cancer to treat, which often results in lower quality of life, including worse and more frequent depression and anxiety, physical strains, and financial toxicity. AML can also have a considerable impact on social well-being, including personal and work domains. While individual social impacts of cancer are often considered, we propose that social toxicity is a unique construct-much like financial toxicity-that should be measured as such. This study aims to (1) determine the feasibility of creating a composite measure of social toxicity and (2) examine the prevalence of social toxicity in AML patients and survivors and its relationship to other patient reported outcomes. Methods: 109 AML patients and survivors enrolled in the Cancer Support Community's online survey, the Cancer Experience Registry, between Jan-Mar 2023 and completed at least 50% of items pertinent to social toxicity. First, six indices were coded (1=Yes; 0=No) based on negative social impact: PROMIS Social Function T-score (1=&amp;lt;40); three items from CancerSupportSource including changes to work, school, or home life, problems in your relationship with your spouse/partner, and feeling lonely or isolated (1=moderately to very seriously concerned); employment (1=unemployed due to disability/other), and medication interfering with daily life (1=agree or strongly agree). Then, a social toxicity composite score was calculated by summing the number of indicators present (possible range = 0-6; higher scores = more social toxicity). Lastly, we investigated the relationship between social toxicity and patient reported outcomes, including anxiety and depression (PROMIS-29 4-item T-scores) and financial toxicity (11-item FACIT-COST). Results: Among the sample, 63(58%) were women and 91(84%) were Non-Hispanic White, with a mean(SD) age of 63.6(13.3) years (range: 29-86). Median time since diagnosis was 2 years; 57(52%) participants reported that they were currently receiving treatment. The most frequently endorsed indicator of social toxicity was changes in work, school, or home life (46%), followed by PROMIS social function (28%), employment status (27%), feeling lonely or isolated (23%), relationship problems with spouse/partner (17%), and medication interference (6%). Individual indices moderately correlated with financial toxicity, anxiety, and depression (average rs=-.36, .39, and .45, respectively). The largest percentage of the sample (39%) had a social toxicity composite score of 0 (M=1.5; SD=1.5), with the remaining score distribution as follows:1(18%), 2(17%), 3(13%), 4(10%), 5(2%), 6(&amp;lt;1%). PROMIS anxiety (M=54.2; SD=10.8) and depression (M=50.8; SD=9.6) significantly correlated (p&amp;lt;.001) with social toxicity (r=.62 and .71, respectively), such that great social toxicity was related to greater anxiety and depression symptom burden. Social toxicity was also correlated with FACIT-COST (M=21.6; SD=13.0; r=-.60), such that greater social toxicity was related to worse financial well-being. Between groups analysis reveals more social toxicity among those aged 18-64 (n=46; M=1.8; SD=1.7) vs. those aged 65+ (n=63; M=1.2; SD=1.4; t=1.975, p&amp;lt;.05) as well as those who are currently receiving treatment (n=57; M=1.6; SD=1.4) vs. not (n=48; M=1.2; SD=1.7; t=1.311, p&amp;lt;.10). Conclusions: The current findings suggest that social toxicity-negative social impact due to cancer diagnosis or treatment-can be assessed using a composite score of indices that reflect individuals' social activity and well-being across multiple life domains. While 39% of the sample reported no social toxicity, 69% had at least one of the selected indices, with the most frequent being changes in work, school, or home life. Social toxicity was significantly related to other patient reported outcomes with a larger magnitude correlation than that observed for individual indices, including anxiety, depression, and financial toxicity, thus indicating its potential importance in the larger cancer landscape, especially for those younger than 65 and those currently receiving treatment. Social toxicity is particularly important to investigate for patients dealing with aggressive and costly cancers, such as AML, and methods of measurement for assessing social toxicity should continue to be explored in additional clinical populations to better align individuals with tailored support resources.

The experiences of older adults with cognitive impairment in using falls prevention alarms in hospital: A qualitative descriptive study.

Bed and chair sensor alarms are commonly used for falls prevention in hospitals, despite questionable efficacy. Research analysing older adults' experiences of alarms is scarce, and adults with cognitive impairment are consistently excluded. The aim of this study was to explore how older adults with cognitive impairment perceive and experience falls prevention alarms in hospital. A qualitative descriptive design investigated older adults' experiences of alarms in a Geriatric Evaluation and Management ward in Melbourne. Patients were included if they had been provided an alarm. Semi-structured interviews were the primary method of data collection with two observation sessions and medical record analyses completed to enable triangulation of findings. Data were subjected to thematic analysis, and the Person-Environment-Occupation framework was chosen to add insight into the complexities of older adults' experiences of alarms. All 11 participants had a level of cognitive impairment with delirium, confusion, or impulsiveness recorded in their medical file. Two overarching themes were identified: communication and collaboration with staff and rationalisation of alarm use. Participants' perceived staff were focussed on falls prevention but experienced a lack of communication about the purpose of alarms. Participants wanted an individualised approach to alarms. Some were comforted with the thought of alarms alerting staff, making them feel well cared for and believed alarms were a useful 'back-up'. Others found alarms uncomfortable, frustrating, and restricting. Application of the Person-Environment-Occupation framework provided insight into how enabling and restrictive factors can impact whether the alarm is experienced positively or negatively. Seven unwitnessed falls occurred during the participants' admissions. Thirty-four per cent of alarm triggers observed were considered false alerts. Older adults commonly reported negative experiences using bed/chair sensor alarms. Occupational therapists have the training to collaborate with people with cognitive impairment and assess the usefulness of alarms in reducing falls, based on how they interact with the older adult's unique person, environment, and occupation domains.

Instagram is a ridiculous lie factory

Abstract This article explores the way in which social media and its relation to mental health is metaphorically conceptualized in newspaper opinion discourse. We discuss the extent to which metaphoric expressions are used creatively and whether they convey positive or negative evaluations. For this purpose, a 10,000-word sample of opinion articles from two British newspapers was collected and analysed. The main research questions are: (1) How is social media conceptualized? (2) To what extent is social media conceptualized by means of creative expressions? (3) Are social media metaphors more likely to be evaluative or non-evaluative? If so, what is the predominant value? (4) How are mental health and well-being conceptualized? (5) Do authors identify positive or negative effects of social media on mental health and well-being? Results show that the main source domains used to conceptualize social media are person, drugs, place, object, war, journey and competition. Creative social media metaphors typically make use of the person, drugs and place source domains, and evaluative metaphors more frequently project a negative evaluation.

Modeling the hierarchy of teacher personality: The predictive power of domains and incremental facets for teacher job-related outcomes

Teacher personality has been recognized as an important factor in predicting job-related outcomes such as burnout, job performance, or motivation. Although personality facets can better predict various outcomes than domains, research on teacher personality at the facet level is still scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the associations between teacher personality domains and incremental facets and indicators of teachers' job-related outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, turnover intentions, self-efficacy). Data from 1137 secondary school teachers was collected at two time points. To decompose the variance in personality items into unique domain and facets parts while simultaneously controlling for the response style method factor and the measurement error, the domain-incremental facet-acquiescence bifactor (DIFAB) model was tested. The results showed that incremental facets explained variance in analyzed job-related outcomes beyond the domains, but the amount of the explained variance differed across the criteria.

Scarcity mindset impairs distractor suppression but not target enhancement in selective attention: Evidence from ERPs

A scarcity mindset, induced by a perception of material scarcity, profoundly influences how individuals allocate their attention. Selective attention, a crucial cognitive control process enabling individuals to focus on relevant information while ignoring distractions, holds significant importance in both professional and personal domains. However, the specific impact of a scarcity mindset on selective attention and its underlying mechanisms remains uncertain. The objective of this study is to examine the specific impact of a scarcity mindset on selective attention using an experimental approach. Participants were subjected to either scarcity or neutral conditions, and their brain activity was measured using Electroencephalography (EEG) while performing a visual search task. The task involved identifying the direction of a target while disregarding a distractor, which was presented either laterally or in conjunction with the target along the vertical midline. The findings of our study indicate that individuals with a scarcity mindset displayed compromised selective attention, as evidenced by longer response times and weaker N2pc amplitudes in EEG recordings. Notably, distractor suppression was compromised, as evidenced by diminished Pd amplitudes, whereas the enhancement of targets remained relatively unaltered, as indicated by similar Nt amplitudes. These findings highlight a reduced ability to filter out irrelevant information in individuals with a scarcity mindset, thereby holding significant implications for social policies and practices.

Relationship between Personality and Academic Procrastination amongst Undergraduate Students in Selected Private Universities in Kuala Lumpur

This research is to investigate the relationship between personality and academic procrastination amongst undergraduate students in selected private Universities in Kuala Lumpur. In this research, the sample consisted of 150 undergraduate students from selected private universities in Kuala Lumpur, 106 female students and 44 male students. The first result for this present research showed that there is a significant relationship between personality and academic procrastination as three of the five personality domains are found to have a significant relationship with academic procrastination at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance. The second result showed that there is a moderate significant negative relationship between conscientiousness and academic procrastination, r = .402, p &lt; .01. The third result showed that there is a weak significant positive relationship between neuroticism and academic procrastination, r = .244, p &lt; .01. The fourth result showed that there is a weak significant negative relationship between agreeableness and academic procrastination, r = -.161, p &lt; .05. The fifth result showed that there was a nonsignificant correlation of .030 (p = n.s.) between openness to experience and academic procrastination. The sixth result showed that there was a nonsignificant correlation of -.098 (p = n.s.) between extraversion and academic procrastination. The recommendations for future researchers are also suggested in this research which included the conduct of this research in different countries with respondents from different backgrounds.

A scoping review of mathematics teachers’ learning and professional growth through lesson studies

Lesson study (LS), a teacher-oriented, student-focused professional development approach that originated in Asia, has spread globally. However, findings related to the effect of LS on teacher learning and growth have varied widely. This suggests a need to review current research on LS in the field of mathematics education. This paper focuses on mathematics teachers’ learning and professional growth through LS using Clarke and Hollingworth’s interconnected model of professional growth (IMPG) that contains three components: domains of change, mediating mechanisms, and change environment. With regard to domains of change, we found that although previous LS studies—often small scaled, qualitative studies—attended to all domains of change, they have more frequently reported changes in the personal (or collective) domain (e.g., teacher knowledge) but have relatively less frequently reported changes in other domains. In fact, there is a lack of research on systematic changes across domains in the IMPG. Regarding the mediating mechanisms, research has well explored both enactment (planning and teaching) and reflection (debriefing). For enactment, the planning process is less appreciated, and there is an inconsistent understanding of the role of the knowledgeable others. For reflection, there is a lack of focus on student thinking and constructive feedback during this process. Finally, research has suggested that LS has received support from the change environment but that tensions (e.g., time limits) have remained. These challenges call for systemic support and cross-cultural collaborations to develop sustainable and large-scale LS. We suggest future directions for continued research and practice.

Gender Correlation of Stress in Mbbs Students in Relation to Covid 19 Pandemic

Objective: Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a substantial threat with its associated high mortality, infection, and risk of psychological stress. A large number of students were affected because of a prolonged break from academic activities and staying at home. The focus of this study is to understand the stress levels of M.B.B.S. students, any psychological imbalances, and their major hurdles during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: The study was designed to determine the prevalence of stress levels in 150 medical students to explore the sources of stress, 64 were male students and 86 were female students &amp; it ‘s relationship across the male and female students. Demographic information and Qualitative data from investigator tailored Medical Student Stress Questionnaire (MSSQ) by self-rating under supervision of investigators were subjected to analysis. Results: We observed that medical students were generally stressed during lockdown and the pandemic. Stress perceived was more in males’ students 49/64(76.5%) as compared to females 51/86(59.3%) and their MSSQ index score was significantly different. Moderate to high academic stress was present among 79% of students more so in males with the academic domain score significantly different from that of females. Females perceived more stress in inter personal domain (12.7%) with the score significantly different from males. Group and Teaching stress was equally present in males and females. Conclusion: During the pandemic, students’ mental health needs to be continually monitored as they are stressed owing to fear as well as about their studies and future careers.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Copenhagen Multi-Centre Psychosocial Infertility-Fertility Problem Stress Scales.

The aim of this study is to introduce the Copenhagen Multi-Centre Psychosocial Infertility (COMPI)-Fertility Problem Stress Scales (COMPI-FPSS) into China and test its applicability in Chinese infertile population. Infertility-related stress not only influences patients' psychological well-being but is also strongly associated with reduced pregnancy rates and poorer assisted conception outcomes, thus warranting focussed attention. The design used in this study is a cross-sectional survey. A total of 418 participants were recruited by convenience sampling from March to July 2022. The data were randomly divided into two parts: one for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis and the other for confirmatory factor analysis and reliability test. The critical ratio and homogeneity test were used to verify the differentiation and homogeneity of the COMPI-FPSS; the construct validity was determined by explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses; Cronbach's α coefficient and Spearman-Brown coefficient were used to assess the reliability; and criterion validity was expressed using correlation coefficients for the Perceived Stress Scale and the Negative Affect Scale as the validity criteria. The revised Chinese version of COMPI-FPSS has 11 items and 2 dimensions (i.e., personal stress domain and social stress domain). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the two factors was 68.6%, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model fitted well. The score of the COMPI-FPSS was significantly and positively associated with perceived stress and negative affect. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.905, and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.836, explaining excellent reliability. The revised Chinese version of COMPI-FPSS shows good reliability and validity, and it can be used to evaluate the infertility-related stress of infertile patients in China.