Architecture Domain Research Articles

Architectural and Landscape Garden Planning Integrated with Artificial Intelligence Parametric Analysis

Parametric design, driven by digital technology, has sparked extensive research and debate in the domains of architecture and urban planning, offering a new approach to issue solving. Architecture and landscape architecture, like architecture and urban planning, are disciplines that are part of the artificial environment. Architectural landscape design has begun to be influenced by parametric design. This study presents a more technical parametric design technique of architectural landscape design that involves artificial intelligence parametric analysis and proposes an architectural landscape planning and design method that incorporates artificial intelligence (AI) parametric analysis. This is a new discipline of concurrent design that complements and expands architectural landscape design methodologies and is based on artificial intelligence methods. This study integrates artificial intelligence parametric design theory and methodology into architectural landscape design and presents a parametric method appropriate for landscape architecture design based on architectural landscape architecture characteristics.

Digital Enterprise Architecture for Green SPBE in Indonesia

SPBE (Electronic Based Government System) is a legal protection as new breakthroughs in the reform of Indonesian government bureaucracy. The issuance of Presidential Regulation (Perpres) 95/2018 concerning SPBE is expected to be a reference for the transformation from e-Government into i-Government (integrated Government). In the meantime, the government through the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform (PANRB) is drafting an academic paper on the SPBE Bill. Of the 10 elements contained in Presidential Regulation (Perpres) 95/2018, the second element namely SPBE architecture is a concept known in the world of Information Systems as Enterprise Architecture.Enterprise architecture is a conceptual framework that describes how an enterprise is constructed by defining its primary components and the relationships among these components. In SPBE, the main component is defined as domain, consisting of 6 parts, namely: business process architecture domain, data and information, infrastructure, SPBE applications, security, and SPBE services. Unfortunately, the Presidential Regulation (Perpres) 95/2018 has not regulated the concept of Digital Enterprise Architecture, since between Enterprise Architecture (EA) and Digital Enterprise Architecture (DEA) are two things that are significantly different. If EA merely focuses on structuring the company based on the main frame of reference, then DEA focuses on utilizing digital repositories to create living documents as according to the EA framework so that they are easily accessed, modified and managed at any time following the company's development. This study created a DEA model for SPBE in Indonesia. The model created is adapted to the SPBE architecture by carrying out the concept of a digital repository. With digital repositories, time efficiency, paper savings and change management will be easier to achieve. The model created in this study is expected to be utilized to make SPBE much more efficient and green-minded.

A voyage from 3D to 4D printing in nanomedicine and healthcare: part I.

The transition from 3Dto 4Dprinting has revolutionized various domains of healthcare, pharmaceuticals, design and architecture, and coating processes. The evolution from 3Dprinting to4D printing has added a fourth dimension as a time-dependent response. This review discusses the significance, demands, various types of smart materials/biomaterials, as well as bioinks and printers used in 4D printing technology. This review also provides insights into the limitations of the bioprinting process and bioinks used in various bioprinting technologies and the challenges that comewith these limitations. A brief discussion on thefuture potential of thefundamentals andcapabilitiesof 4D printing isalso discussed.

Structure of putative tumor suppressor ALDH1L1

Putative tumor suppressor ALDH1L1, the product of natural fusion of three unrelated genes, regulates folate metabolism by catalyzing NADP+-dependent conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2. Cryo-EM structures of tetrameric rat ALDH1L1 revealed the architecture and functional domain interactions of this complex enzyme. Highly mobile N-terminal domains, which remove formyl from 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, undergo multiple transient inter-domain interactions. The C-terminal aldehyde dehydrogenase domains, which convert formyl to CO2, form unusually large interfaces with the intermediate domains, homologs of acyl/peptidyl carrier proteins (A/PCPs), which transfer the formyl group between the catalytic domains. The 4′-phosphopantetheine arm of the intermediate domain is fully extended and reaches deep into the catalytic pocket of the C-terminal domain. Remarkably, the tetrameric state of ALDH1L1 is indispensable for catalysis because the intermediate domain transfers formyl between the catalytic domains of different protomers. These findings emphasize the versatility of A/PCPs in complex, highly dynamic enzymatic systems.

Game.UP: Gamified Urban Planning Participation Enhancing Exploration, Motivation, and Interactions

ABSTRACT We present our interdisciplinary research on gamification as a communication tool in urban planning. Approaching the topic from a user-centered perspective, we combine knowledge from the domains of architecture and human-computer interaction and define domain-specific requirements and areas of interest. To substantiate our findings, we present a prototypical case study of a public participation application, developed in consultation with the urban planning project driver and evaluated on-location with members of the public. Our results highlight the opportunities in pursuing a new sub-field of gamification within urban planning and include concepts of game interfaces and spaces in this research. In our case study, we present a methodological approach to assessing gamification in urban planning participation and provide findings on how gamification changes the users’ relationship to participation as well as evidence that the “avatar” game element can affect the motivational affordances meaning of task, perceived competence, and social relatedness.

Improving the performance of hospitals

Nowadays, we are faced with serious challenges in public health worldwide. However, the challenges cannot be solved only in the domain of architecture, medical science or management. A successful hospital building is more than a nice building or an efficient healing machine. Patient journey is such a concept that tries to explore the possibility to solve the problems in hospitals in the domain of hospital architecture and hospital management. In this context, the research proposes a study of patient journey in hospitals from the perspective of architecture on basis of the outcomes achieved in management. Patient journeys are transferred from both clinical and administrative processes to special patterns. Moreover, in such a visual way, both the efficiency and effectiveness of hospitals and patients’ satisfaction during the journeys in hospitals are analyzed with case studies of China and the Netherlands. The system of spatialized patient journeys helps architects and hospital managers broaden their understanding of hospital. And the comparison results from case studies are useful for hospitals in China to improve performance and patients’ satisfaction.

Architecture research trends between 2016-2020 in the SCOPUS database, and their relationship with the creation of research groups

The interest in making research more dynamic within universities has evidenced the need for the creation of research groups. In this sense, the purpose of this article is to establish a relationship between the data obtained from bibliometrics and the profile and interest of Architecture Faculty researchers, to identify research niches that guide their work. This research was carried out through a systematic review and use of scientific production bibliometric tools in the last five years within the architecture domain in the SCOPUS database. The research made used five steps that guided the process: search; evaluation; synthesis; analysis; and monitoring. Through the search process, 1,465 scientific documents were obtained, analyzed with the Bibliometrix web application using indicators that allowed obtaining the results, to connect them to both teaching interests and profiles. The analysis identified that sustainability, design, and energy efficiency are topics of interest and constitute trending topics to promote the work and the constitution of research groups.

Urban regeneration and building retrofit. A strategy towards instilling a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship

The United Arab Emirates’ economy is transitioning to a knowledge-based economy by promoting innovation and research development. Supporting the UAE’s Vision at becoming among the best and most innovative nation in the world by 2071, the Government has developed frameworks that recognize the importance of innovation to an economy’s growth and development. This paper presents the results of a design research where the domain of architecture and engineering blend with economics and social studies to the serve the UAE’s vision, proposing urban solutions to launch the country in its ‘next 50’ years, with an eye for the preservation and revitalization of the exiting and valuable resources. The research project proposes a different geography of innovation and introduces urban regeneration strategies to stimulate innovative policies for the built environment of the entire UAE territory. With the intent of forming an intangible connection between the seven Emirates, the proposed intervention can be situated in every state. The study especially looks into the three neighboring Emirates or Dubai, Sharjah, and Ajman, and finally select the latter to test the introduction of strategically designed spaces in degraded (and disconnected) locations to encourage the community to innovate while at the same time reusing/refurbishing the existing resources/buildings/facilities. The specific case study involves the design of an incubator facility in an obsolete villa community in Ajman, formerly hosting locals (therefore luxurious) that now have left for better locations and cannot manage to resell their properties due to the decadence of the neighbourhood. The incubator, a building articulated in the interstitial spaces in between the villas, would reactivate the district by attracting young and innovative entrepreneurs, who settle there for both working and living, exploiting the incubator complex as a parasite of the existing villas. If successful, the project will revive the district, provide it a new brand, and create a new financial stream to self-support its gradual regeneration.

Commercial virtual reality displays: Issues of performance and simulator sickness from exocentric depth-perception tasks

Issues in both depth-perception performance and simulator-sickness effects may hinder future applications of virtual reality. Applications for depth perception are varied, including military, sports, and architecture domains. The purpose of this study is to compare different commercial-off-the-shelf head-mounted displays and their content, through depth-perception tasks. We also investigate simulator sickness profiles to promote further risk mitigation in such displays. Specifically, the HTC Vive and Oculus Rift Consumer Version 1 were examined in between-groups and within-groups designs, with both head-mounted displays supplying the same exocentric depth-perception tasks across three virtual environments of increasing ecological complexity. Depth-perception performance was measured objectively and simulator sickness was measured subjectively via questionnaire. Results, analyzed using non-parametric statistics, indicated significant differences for performance and simulator sickness, for both between- and within-groups studies. Although distance changes were detected equally between displays, a tradeoff occurred where the Vive had better distance classification, but the Rift had shorter time duration. Hardware issues are considered for performance differences. For post-test simulator sickness, Vive and Rift only differed in terms of fatigue, an oculomotor-based issue with probable user-avoidance strategies; the difference may relate to latency. Performance within Rift and Vive only partially showed a benefit for high-realism scenarios, yet both displays provide distinct scenario-change baselines for personnel selection. Simulator sickness for both devices showed Oculomotor subscale increases in pre-to-post test questionnaire scores, with the Vive having an additional increase in Total scores. The latter Oculomotor increase may be driven by blur. In respect to the observations, multiple factors exist for selection, including performance and simulator sickness tradeoffs.

Implementing BIM for conventional tunnels - a proposed methodology and case study

The topic of Building Information Modelling (BIM) adoption by public organizations has become a central subject of research, and a significant amount of BIM documents, guidelines, and standards have been created to meet different organizational purposes. Compared to the building industry, the application of BIM tools for tunnel project management is lagging far behind. This paper proposes a methodology for integrating BIM tools for conventional tunnelling. A fundamental distinction is made between the tunnel internal architectural domain and the external structural domain. For the former, BIM methodology can be applied similarly to the building industry. For the latter, it is suggested that a BIM model be built according to the essential information generated during tunnelling excavation. The proposed methodology was put to test for an actual tunneling project. A routine was established where the supervisor on behalf of the owner was responsible for gathering and reporting essential data in tabular form. Via REVIT's Application Programming Interface (API), a code was developed so that a BIM model was built and updated automatic to data insertion. Ultimately, the final BIM model allows managing up-to-date qualitative and quantitative information visually. Thus, human understanding and interpretation are enhanced for future uses, such as maintenance, future renovations and project post-analysis.

Reframing Architecture through Design

Reframing Architecture through Design

Gastropolitics: Speaking in Tongues

Gastropolitics: Speaking in Tongues

AR in the Architecture Domain: State of the Art

Augmented reality (AR) allows the real and digital worlds to converge and overlap in a new way of observation and understanding. The architectural field can significantly benefit from AR applications, due to their systemic complexity in terms of knowledge and process management. Global interest and many research challenges are focused on this field, thanks to the conjunction of technological and algorithmic developments from one side, and the massive digitization of built data. A significant quantity of research in the AEC and educational fields describes this state of the art. Moreover, it is a very fragmented domain, in which specific advances or case studies are often described without considering the complexity of the whole development process. The article illustrates the entire AR pipeline development in architecture, from the conceptual phase to its application, highlighting each step’s specific aspects. This storytelling aims to provide a general overview to a non-expert, deepening the topic and stimulating a democratization process. The aware and extended use of AR in multiple areas of application can lead a new way forward for environmental understanding, bridging the gap between real and virtual space in an innovative perception of architecture.

Holistic Requirements Analysis for Specifying New Systems for 3D Media Production and Promotion

This paper presents a requirements engineering process for driving the design of new systems that will allow for enhancing 3D media productivity, for lowering the entry barrier in 3D media creation, and for innovative media forms across many media types. This work has been carried out with the perspective of enhancing recovery and transformation as the pandemic has driven many professionals in culture to zero income. Toward this goal, we perform a requirements engineering process based on the IEEE 830 standard for requirements specification. It allows us to elucidate system requirements through existing (AS-IS) and envisioned (TO-BE) scenarios affected by the latest trends on design methodologies and content promotion in social media. A total of 30 tools for content creation, promotion, and monetization are reviewed and 10 TO-BE scenarios were engineered and validated. The validation was performed through a survey of 24 statements on a 5 Likert scale by 47 individuals from the domains of Media, Fine arts, Architecture, and Informatics. Useful evaluation results and comments have been collected that can be useful for future systems design.

Evolutionary History of DNA Methylation Related Genes in Bivalvia: New Insights From Mytilus galloprovincialis

DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mechanism influencing gene expression in all organisms. In metazoans, the pattern of DNA methylation changes during embryogenesis and adult life. Consequently, differentiated cells develop a stable and unique DNA methylation pattern that finely regulates mRNA transcription during development and determines tissue-specific gene expression. Currently, DNA methylation remains poorly investigated in mollusks and completely unexplored in Mytilus galloprovincialis. To shed light on this process in this ecologically and economically important bivalve, we screened its genome, detecting sequences homologous to DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins and Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) previously described in other organisms. We characterized the gene architecture and protein domains of the mussel sequences and studied their phylogenetic relationships with the ortholog sequences from other bivalve species. We then comparatively investigated their expression levels across different adult tissues in mussel and other bivalves, using previously published transcriptome datasets. This study provides the first insights on DNA methylation regulators in M. galloprovincialis, which may provide fundamental information to better understand the complex role played by this mechanism in regulating genome activity in bivalves.

Conserved features of the MlaD domain aid the trafficking of hydrophobic molecules

In Gram-negative bacteria, the maintenance of lipid asymmetry (Mla) system is involved in the transport of phospholipids between the inner (IM) and outer membrane. The Mla system utilizes a unique IM-associated periplasmic solute-binding protein, MlaD, which possesses a conserved domain, MlaD domain. While proteins carrying the MlaD domain are known to be primarily involved in the trafficking of hydrophobic molecules, not much is known about this domain itself. Thus, in this study, the characterization of the MlaD domain employing bioinformatics analysis is reported. The profiling of the MlaD domain of different architectures reveals the abundance of glycine and hydrophobic residues and the lack of cysteine residues. The domain possesses a conserved N-terminal region and a well-preserved glycine residue that constitutes a consensus motif across different architectures. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the MlaD domain archetypes are evolutionarily closer and marked by the conservation of a functionally crucial pore loop located at the C-terminal region. The study also establishes the critical role of the domain-associated permeases and the driving forces governing the transport of hydrophobic molecules. This sheds sufficient light on the structure-function-evolutionary relationship of MlaD domain. The hexameric interface analysis reveals that the MlaD domain itself is not a sole player in the oligomerization of the proteins. Further, an operonic and interactome map analysis reveals that the Mla and the Mce systems are dependent on the structural homologs of the nuclear transport factor 2 superfamily.

Cooked Air: The Kitchen and its Exhalate

Since 1996, ASHRAE Standard 62.2 has provided guidelines for residential ventilation. As ventilation becomes increasingly scientised, quantifiable, and reliant on hyper-specific equipment, technical literacy on ventilation has narrowed. The relationship between architecture, inhabitants and air management has become increasingly reliant on ventilation standards, in turn increasing reliance on technical specialists, and creating a gap in ventilation knowledge. Through an examination of ASHRAE Standard 62.2, this essay asks why is it that, as ventilation processes become increasingly measurable, there is an equal tendency to reverse awareness in relation to the human sensation, when the standard itself underlines the reality of both phenomenal and intellectual knowledge towards air quality assessment. Furthermore, if architecture’s domain centres on formal, aesthetic, and material logics, is an expanded literacy on air management necessary to address mechanical equipment within an architectural domain?

Molecular Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase II (CA II) and Its Potential Involvement in Regulating Shell Formation in the Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai.

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of metalloenzymes that can catalyze the reversible interconversion of CO2/HCO3–, ubiquitously present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In the present study, a CA II (designated as HdhCA II) was sequenced and characterized from the mantle tissue of the Pacific abalone. The complete sequence of HdhCA II was 1,169 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 349 amino acids with a NH2-terminal signal peptide and a CA architectural domain. The predicted protein shared 98.57% and 68.59% sequence identities with CA II of Haliotis gigantea and Haliotis tuberculata, respectively. Two putative N-linked glycosylation motifs and two cysteine residues could potentially form intramolecular disulfide bond present in HdhCA II. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that HdhCA II was placed in a gastropod clade and robustly clustered with CA II of H. gigantea and H. tuberculata. The highest level of HdhCA II mRNA expression was detected in the shell forming mantle tissue. During ontogenesis, the mRNA of HdhCA II was detected in all stages, with larval shell formation stage showing the highest expression level. The in situ hybridization results detected the HdhCA II mRNA expression in the epithelial cells of the dorsal mantle pallial, an area known to express genes involved in the formation of a nacreous layer in the shell. This is the first report of HdhCA II in the Pacific abalone, and the results of this study indicate that this gene might play a role in the shell formation of abalone.

Leveraging integration facades for model-based tool interoperability

Data exchange and management methods are of paramount importance in areas as complex as the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industries and Facility Management. For example, Big Open BIM requires seamless information flow among an arbitrary number of applications. The backbone of such information flow is a robust integration, whose tasks include overcoming technological as well as semantic and pragmatic gaps and conflicts both within and between data models. In this work, we introduce a method for integrating the pragmatics at design-time and the semantics of independent applications at run-time into so-called “integration facades”. We utilize Model-driven Engineering for the automatic discovery of functionalities and data models, and for finding a user-guided consensus. We present a case study involving the domains of architecture, building physics and structural engineering for evaluating our approach in object-oriented as well as data-oriented programming environments. The results produce, for each scenario, a single integration facade that acts as a single source of truth in the data exchange process.

A functional safety assessment method for cooperative automotive architecture

The scope of automotive functions has grown from a single vehicle as an entity to multiple vehicles working together as an entity, referred to as cooperative driving. The current automotive safety standard, ISO 26262, is designed for single vehicles. With the increasing number of cooperative driving capable vehicles on the road, it is now imperative to systematically assess the functional safety of architectures of these vehicles. Many methods are proposed to assess architectures with respect to different quality attributes in the software architecture domain, but to the best of our knowledge, functional safety assessment of automotive architectures is not explored in the literature. We present a method, that leverages existing research in software architecture and safety engineering domains, to check whether the functional safety requirements for a cooperative driving scenario are fulfilled in the technical architecture of a vehicle. We apply our method on a real-life academic prototype for a cooperative driving scenario, platooning, and discuss our insights.