Personality Domains Research Articles

Coping strategies and resilience among patients with hypertension in Ghana.

Hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality and this has been linked to poor treatment and control rates. To optimize drug treatment, patient-centered strategies such as coping, resilience, and adherence to medication may improve control rates and decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension. This study, therefore, assessed coping skills and resilience among patients with hypertension in Ghana. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. 224 consented patients with a diagnosis of hypertension were consecutively selected from the outpatient clinic. Questionnaires comprising socio-demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, Adult Resilience Measure, and the Africultural Coping Systems Inventory were administered. Data were analyzed using Stata version 16.1 and significance level was set at p-value of ≤ 0.05. The mean age of participants was 62.03 ± 11.40 years and the majority were female (63%). The overall coping strategy mean score was 43.13 ± 13.57. For resilience, median relational and personal resilience (PR) scores were 32 (IQR-7) and 39 (IQR-9), respectively. Increased systolic BP significantly increases the overall coping strategy score. Collective coping strategy and systolic BP significantly increased coping scores (95%CI = 0.05-3.69 vs. 95%CI = 0.58-5.31). Overall coping strategy significantly increased personal and relational resilience (RR) domain scores by 0.004 (95%CI = 0.002-0.01) and 0.005 (95%CI = 0.003-0.006) units, respectively. This study demonstrated that Cognitive and emotional debriefing coping strategy was mostly used by patients with hypertension. Coping strategies had a positive and significant correlation with personal and RR, specifically collective and cognitive debriefing had a significant positive association with resilience among study participants. There is a need to actively put in measures that can improve the coping strategies and resilience among patients with hypertension to adjust to the long-term nature of the illness and treatment as this will promote better treatment outcomes.

Big Five Personality Domains and their Impact on Problematic Mobile Phone Use among Medical Students in a Rural Tertiary Care Centre in Tamil Nadu India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The increasing usage of smartphones across the globe has resulted in considerable changes in people's daily lives, especially in terms of personality traits among adults. Research shows that the Big Five personality traits influence Problematic Mobile Phone Use (PMPU). Aim: To estimate the prevalence of PMPU using the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS-10) and to evaluate the personality predictors of PMPU using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 289 medical students at a rural tertiary care centre in Tamil Nadu, India from November 2021 to April 2022. The questionnaire consisted of three sections. The first section collected demographic characteristics, the second section included questions on the MPPUS-10, and the third section contained questions from the BFI questionnaire. Reliability analysis was conducted to assess the internal validity of the MPPUS-10 questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalisation was performed to measure the structural validity of the MPPUS-10 scale. A multiple linear regression model was applied to determine the relationship between PMPU and the personality domains. Results: The prevalence of PMPU among medical students was found to be 106 (36.7%). Spearman's rank correlation revealed a negative correlation between agreeableness personality (r=- 0.307, p-value <0.001) and conscientiousness personality (r=-0.369, p-value <0.001) with PMPU. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between neurotic personality and PMPU (r=0.325, p-value <0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism significantly predicted 44.4% of the scores on the PMPU (F=23.276, p-value <0.001 at the 1% level). Therefore, individuals with lower levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and higher levels of neuroticism scored higher on the MPPUS-10 scale. Conclusion: The prevalence of PMPU among medical students was found to be high, requiring attention. Individuals with lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness, as well as higher levels of neuroticism, were more likely to exhibit PMPU.

Clinical Trajectories in Adolescents with and without a History of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: The BRIDGES Longitudinal Study.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a highly prevalent clinical concern in adolescents and is associated with impaired functioning and suicide risk. The BRIDGES (BRain Imaging Development of Girls' Emotion and Self) study was designed to collect longitudinal clinical and neurobiological data to advance our understanding of NSSI in adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to describe the clinical data collected as part of this study, including psychiatric diagnoses, depression symptoms, episodes of non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, childhood trauma, and personality domains. The baseline sample included 164 adolescents aged 12-16 assigned female at birth (Mean age = 14.97, SD = 1.20) with NSSI histories ranging from none to severe. Participants and their parent/guardian were invited to provide data at three time points spaced approximately one year apart. Descriptive analyses were conducted to provide estimates of rates and trajectories of clinical data. Of the 164 study participants, 75.61% and 57.93% completed the second and third time points, respectively. Visual inspection of the data suggests an overall trend of decreasing severity of psychopathology over time, and adolescents with a history of NSSI appeared to have higher rates of psychopathology than those without. This paper describes longitudinal clinical trajectories in adolescents with a range of NSSI histories and presents readers with an overview of the rich, publicly available dataset that we hope will inspire future research to advance the understanding of the neurodevelopmental trajectories associated with NSSI, depression, and suicide risk.

Life Experiences and Teaching Practices: An Analysis of Role Models in Accountancy

This study seeks to understand the meaning of experiences and knowledge used in the process of professional development of teachers of undergraduate courses in Accountancy in Brazil. It was used as the theoretical basis for the Interconnected Model of Professional Growth of Teachers and the teaching knowledge from Tardif’s perspective. A semi-structured interview with a qualitative and reflective approach was used as a technique to build the narratives. The analyzed excerpts were grouped into four analysis categories: the personal domain, related to the disciplinary knowledge of accounting; the domain of practice and the didactic-pedagogical knowledge; the external domain and experiential knowledge; and the domain of consequence, highlighting the significant results in professional development. From the analyses, it is concluded that teachers develop in teaching through reflection and action on their practice; through the positive relationships of partnership, support, and guidance established with their students; through the careful search for the exchange of experiences with peers and with the professional market; as well as through the personal search for the improvement of their daily teaching practice.

Self-concept among Indonesian adolescents in coastal areas: A cross-sectional study.

Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood, characterized by various biological, psychological, and social changes. Adolescents living in coastal regions are exposed to social-environmental risk factors that can affect their emotional wellbeing, primarily due to the demanding and unpredictable nature of coastal communities. These challenging and volatile circumstances can have a negative impact on adolescents' emotions, making them more vulnerable to mental and emotional disorders. This study aimed to examine the self-concept and its differences according to sociodemographic factors among adolescents residing in coastal areas of Indonesia. A cross-sectional design was employed for this study, which involved 644 adolescents living in coastal regions of Indonesia, specifically in the West Sumatra and Bali provinces. The Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS) 2nd Edition Short Form was used to assess self-concept from August to September 2022. Descriptive statistics, Independent-t-test, and One-way ANOVA were utilized for data analysis. The findings revealed that adolescents in coastal areas had a high level of self-concept. A statistically significant difference was discovered in the overall self-concept according to gender (p = 0.002). Similarly, a significant difference was observed in the physical domain based on class level (p = 0.019). Regarding the personal domain, significant differences were identified according to age (p = 0.030), class level (p = 0.030), parent's marital status (p = 0.030), father's education (p = 0.05), and family income (p = 0.01). Furthermore, in the family domain, significant differences were found based on parents' marital status (p <0.001) and adolescents' residence status (p = 0.002). Additionally, a significant difference in the academic domain was observed with respect to gender (p = 0.001). However, no significant differences were noted in the moral ethics and social domains across all sociodemographic variables (p >0.05). This study emphasizes the need for attention from various stakeholders, including mental health nurses, to prioritize interventions to promote positive self-concept among adolescents, consider sociodemographic factors that influence self-concept, and address areas of dissatisfaction such as moral behavior and academic/work efficiency. Incorporating family support and nurturing positive parent-child relationships are also important for fostering a healthy self-concept in adolescents.

Distal Factors of Suicidal Behavior among Patients with Substance Use Disorder: A Comparative Study

Background: According to the World Health Organization, substance dependence is persistent or sporadic drug use inconsistent with or unrelated to acceptable medical practice. Substance dependence is showing a rising trend all over the world, and these disorders are rapidly recognized throughout in India. It is considered as a major cause of preventable ill health, social harm, and premature death throughout the population. As compared to the general population, those with substance use disorders are 5.3% more likely to die from suicide. There are several distal or predisposing risk factors associated with suicidal behavior such as personality traits, childhood trauma, and family history of suicide. Therefore, the present study is to compare and examine the distal factors of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempt (SA) with patients without SI and SA (WS) in patients with substance dependence. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at the inpatient departments of Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi. Purposive sampling of sixty patients was done to further divide them into Group 1 (SI), Group 2 (SA), and Group 3 (WS). The sample was purposively collected to include sixty patients with substance dependence. They were screened by using the Addiction Severity Index scale, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Suicide Intent Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the NEO five-factor inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3) were administered to assess SI, SA, childhood trauma and personality traits, respectively. Results: The present study reveals that all the personality domains except conscientiousness on NEO-FFI 3 may have importance in differentiating the substance-dependent patients with SI/SA from WS patients. Only physical and emotional abuse on CTQ may be a significant distal factor for suicidal thoughts and behavior, whereas physical abuse may have more significance for SAs in substance dependence patients. Family history of suicide was not significant in patients with SI/SA. Conclusions: These findings may assist in formulation of therapeutic strategies for suicidal patients of substance dependence.

Qualidade de vida no trabalho e Burnout em trabalhadores da estratégia saúde da família

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the correlation between quality of life at work and Burnout in workers in the Family Health Strategy. Methods: Correlational, cross-sectional study carried out with 112 workers, in the pandemic period (October/2020 to June/2021), in Palmas/Tocantins. The Quality of Work Life Assessment Questionnaire (QWLQ-bref) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) were used. Results: A strong negative correlation was identified between Emotional Exhaustion and the Physical/Health, Professional and Total Quality of Life Score at work; and moderate negative correlation between Depersonalization and all domains of Quality of Work Life. Professional Achievement showed a moderate positive correlation with the Psychological and Personal domains and with the Total Quality of Work Life Score. Conclusion: The best Quality of Work Life indices were correlated with lower Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization scores and higher scores of Professional Achievement.

The Association of Professional Burnout and Turnover Intentions Among Intensive Care Units Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Intensive Care Units (ICU) workers work in highly stressful conditions that make them prone to professional burnout, which can lead to high turnover rates. This study explores professional burnout levels among ICU workers in Kuwait general governmental hospitals (GGHs), their turnover intentions, and the correlation factors. A cross-sectional self-administered survey study was conducted. Professional burnout level was measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), while turnover intention was measured using the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS-6). Data were analyzed using STATA software, and descriptive, correlative, and comparative analyses were performed. Eighty-nine ICU physicians filled out the questionnaire. Most of the participants were males, married, non-Kuwaiti nationals, with 10 to 20 years of experience, and the mean age of respondents was 39.2. The total professional burnout score was high was 54.7 (17.6). There were high total average scores for the personal and work-related domains. Participants who were younger than 35 years of age and graduated before 5 to 10 years had higher levels of professional burnout compared to other groups. More than half of the sample expressed their intention to leave their current job as an ICU physician. However, no association was found between turnover intentions and levels of burnout. High levels of professional burnout of turnover intentions were seen among ICU physicians in Kuwait. Policies should be adopted to reduce and mitigate professional burnout among ICU physicians and increase their retention. Future research should further investigate professional burnout among ICU staff, the associated factors, and its relation to their turnover intention.

Professional development for academic engagement: Primary school EFL teachers’ perceptions and predictors

This study assessed primary school English language teachers' perceptions and predictors of Professional development for academic engagement. To achieve this, the study employed a descriptive survey design that uses a mixed-methods approachs. This is useful to blend both quantitative and qualitative data collection instruments. Accordingly, the study used questionnaire and interview to collect enough data at a time. Regarding the data analysis and results, it used concurrent-convergent strategies within which the data interpretation was made under each theme and then the discussion was made convergently. The results thus indicated that English language teachers' perceptions was depended on cognitive knowledge compared to social, emotional, and personal knowledge domains. Furthermore, the teachers' perceptions was significantly predicted by three most important predictors including the age, the salary paid, and the marital status of the teachers. Accordingly, the findings are useful to impact primary school English teachers' perceptions for effective professional development for academic engagement. Moreover, the educational authoraties including MoE can use these findings to design, train, coach and monitor English langauge teachers’ perceptions for professional developemenet for academic engagement which incoreporates professional learning, self-directed and autonomous learning. Finally, these findings can be used as a body of knowledge and corner stone for scholars and prosepective researchers.

Is Your Model Sensitive? SPEDAC: A New Resource for the Automatic Classification of Sensitive Personal Data

In recent years, there has been an exponential growth of applications, including dialogue systems, that handle sensitive personal information. This has brought to light the extremely important issue of personal data protection in virtual environments. Sensitive Information Detection (SID) approaches different domains and languages in literature. However, if we refer to the personal data domain, a shared benchmark or the absence of an available labeled resource makes comparison with the state-of-the-art difficult. We introduce and release SPeDaC , a new annotated resource for the identification of sensitive personal data categories in the English language. SPeDaC enables the evaluation of computational models for three different SID subtasks with increasing levels of complexity. SPeDaC 1 regards binary classification, a model has to detect if a sentence contains sensitive information or not; whereas, in SPeDaC 2 we collected labeled sentences using 5 categories that relate to macro-domains of personal information; in SPeDaC 3, the labeling is fine-grained (61 personal data categories). We conduct an extensive evaluation of the resource using different state-of-the-art-classifiers. The results show that SPeDaC is challenging, particularly with regard to fine-grained classification. The transformer models achieve the best results (acc. RoBERTa on SPeDaC 1 = 98.20%, DeBERTa on SPeDaC 2 = 95.81% and SPeDaC 3 = 77.63%).

Research on Personal Credit Risk Assessment Based on Data Fusion

In recent years, the domestic emphasis on systemic risk prevention has continued to increase. Chinese credit department, which is a crucial department to avoid significant systemic risks, has a particular responsibility to manage and control personal credit risks related to the lives of the public. Therefore, strengthening the management of the individual credit department, especially to guard against personal credit risks, build a data-driven quantitative model for scoring applicants’ credit, and improve the personal credit identification and evaluation methods on this basis is a vital part of individual credit risk prevention and systemic financial risk. In this paper, we first study the index system of personal credit risk identification, standard personal credit risk identification models, and some data fusion techniques. Then, we build an individual credit risk identification model based on the data fusion method on the above theoretical basis. After that, the selection of indicators was carried out among 20 variables of German credit data. Finally, an empirical study was conducted to compare the effect of the two data fusion methods on the performance of the individual credit risk identification model. The defects of single models in the personal credit risk problem domain are apparent. However, data fusion technology can help classification models to gain better uniformity in accuracy and robustness, but it also needs to be improved in terms of interpretability and promotion.

Empowering Sentiment Analysis For Improved Fashion Choices

The world of fashion is dynamic, ever-changing, and deeply influenced by individual preferences and collective sentiment. Making confident and informed fashion choices can be a daunting task, especially in an era marked by rapid trends and diverse styles. The fashion industry is ever-evolving, with trends and styles constantly changing. Making informed fashion choices that align with personal preferences and public sentiment can be challenging. "Empowering Sentiment Analysis for improved fashion choices" presents a novel approach to address this challenge. This abstract introduces a comprehensive framework that harnesses the power of sentiment analysis, a sophisticated natural language processing technique, to provide consumers and fashion enthusiasts with invaluable insights into the realm of fashion. Sentiment analysis, commonly used in understanding public opinions and emotional tones in textual data, is adapted here to decode the fashion landscape. By analyzing textual data from fashion reviews, social media posts, and comments, sentiment analysis can discern public sentiment and opinions about specific clothing items, styles, and trends. The primary objective of this initiative is to empower individuals to make better, more informed fashion choices. Through sentiment analysis, individuals can access an in-depth understanding of the prevailing sentiments and opinions surrounding specific clothing items, styles, and trends. This knowledge equips them with the tools to align their choices with current trends, explore niche styles, or even express their uniqueness confidently. By leveraging the power of machine learning models like Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest , Ada Boosting and Deep Learning algorithms the sentiment classification models are built. Furthermore, this technology fosters inclusivity and diversity in fashion decision-making by highlighting a wide range of sentiments and opinions. It acknowledges that fashion is a highly personal and subjective domain and helps individuals discover styles that resonate with their unique tastes and values.

Development of an OpenMRS-OMOP ETL tool to support informatics research and collaboration in LMICs

BackgroundAs more low and middle-income countries (LMICs) implement electronic health record systems (EHRs), informatics has become an important component of global health. OpenMRS is a popular open-source EHR that has been implemented in over 60 countries. As in high income countries, interoperability and research capabilities remain a challenge. The Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) is one of the most relevant common data models (CDM) to support EHR-based research and data sharing, but its adoption has been limited in LMICs. To address this gap, we developed an OpenMRS to OMOP extract, transform, and load (ETL) tool using Talend. MethodsWe built on existing documentation to develop a comprehensive concept map from OpenMRS to OMOP. The OMOP domains were reviewed for overlapping concepts in OpenMRS, and a core set of tables were selected for ETL development. Specific variables were then identified from OpenMRS tables which mapped to OMOP domain fields. Afterwards, the ETL tool was developed using MySQL Workbench, PostgreSQL, and Talend. ResultsSeven of 14 OMOP domains were selected for ETL pipeline development . The location, person, and provider domains required the least amount of Talend job components, which involved ≤2 tDBInputs, 1 tMap, and 1 tDBOutput. Care_site, observation_period, observation, and person_death all required additional Talend components to properly transform the respective data fields. It took 15 min to transform 9,932 OpenMRS observation records to OMOP. ConclusionsIt is feasible to develop a free, open-source ETL pipeline to transform clinical data in OpenMRS instances into OMOP. Processing large datasets is swift and scalable with potential for more improvement. Using this tool alongside OpenMRS can dramatically increase the potential for global health informatics collaborations and building local infrastructure and research capacity. Further testing and development will be required prior to widespread dissemination, along with appropriate documentation and training resources.

Burnout syndrome in nursing professionals in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: to investigate the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in nursing workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional study using instruments to collect sociodemographic and professional data and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The population was formed by 52 nursing workers from three institutions that attend patients with COVID-19. The sampling was by convenience, and workers were contacted via email or WhatsApp®. We compared the means of each domain using Student's t-test, considering the variables from the Maslach Burnout Inventory, namely, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and effectiveness at work. Results: the overall mean Burnout was 3.21. The differences between the means of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment domains were significant for the variables "would change jobs” (p&lt;0.04) and “job satisfaction” (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Workers had a high level of Burnout, being thus susceptible to mental suffering and psychic disease: Contributions to practice: the knowledge produced here can provoke reflections that will help develop and apply strategies to reduce the negative impact of the Burnout Syndrome in the health of the nursing professional.

A study on impostor phenomenon, personality, and self-esteem of medical undergraduates and interns.

Impostor phenomenon (IP) is a psychological experience where an individual considers their achievements to be fraudulent. IP in medical professionals is of paramount importance since it affects their self-confidence and communication skills. It has been associated with burnouts, low self-esteem, and neuroticism. This research aimed to study the prevalence of IP, personality traits, and self-esteem and to look at gender differences in medical undergraduate students and interns of an urban medical college along with the correlation of IP with personality traits and self-esteem in them. An online survey via Google Groups was conducted among MBBS students and interns of a medical college after informed consent and ethics approval were received. Four hundred sixteen participants completed the survey questionnaire which included demographic variables along with the the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, the Big Five Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. IP was found in 236 (56.7%) students and interns. Personality domain mean scores were extraversion (26.4 ± 5.12), agreeableness (33.5 ± 5.4), conscientiousness (29.9 ± 5.7), neuroticism (21.6 ± 5.7), and openness (35.1 ± 4.9). The self-esteem mean score was 18.37 ± 6.14; only 16.11% had high self-esteem. Interns and first-year MBBS students scored higher on IP and low on self-esteem among all groups. Significant gender differences were seen in females on agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism as compared to the males. IP negatively correlated with self-esteem, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and positively with neuroticism. This study throws some light on the IP experiences of medical undergraduates which have not been extensively researched in India.

Adolescents’ Family Conflict Resolution and Defense of Personal Domain

Resumo Compreender as estratégias de resolução de conflitos utilizadas por adolescentes na relação com seus pais é fundamental para entender como ocorre seu desenvolvimento saudável. Este artigo investigou a resolução de conflitos de adolescentes em situações de confronto entre o seu domínio pessoal e o controle parental. 36 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 17 anos, divididos igualmente conforme o sexo, responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, que continha quatro situações de conflito hipotéticas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica e a testes não paramétricos. Os resultados foram categorizados em sete estratégias: Assunção de culpa, Submissão, Mentira, Hostilidade, Diálogo/Explicação, Negociação e Outra. A forma predominante de resolução utilizada foi o Diálogo/Explicação, considerada como uma forma recorrente de defender o domínio pessoal. Foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao sexo dos participantes e à situação hipotética. Por fim, os resultados são discutidos em termos de grau de autonomia e tipo de defesa do domínio pessoal.

Silver lining: a ray of hope through strength-based approach in the health care setting

The strength-based approach challenges the traditional deficit model applied in psychosocial care practice, which takes an all-encompassing perspective. Creating a comprehensive portrait of each person's life and working in a multidisciplinary team collectively analyses the full capabilities and circumstances of individuals or families. This paper employs case illustrations to demonstrate how psychosocial care providers can do assessments and interventions based on a strength-based approach to improve the quality of life of patients and their families. The study adopted cases from the case file and derived how strength-based approaches can be utilized for the patients referred for psychosocial assessment and designing psychosocial care plan in the tertiary care hospital. The case illustrations depict practice through strength-based approach. The assessments were conducted, plans were made, and interventions focused on the strengths in various domains. The result portrayed strength of each case on innate, acquired/learned, supportive strengths in personal, family, social and health domains of life. The analysis of the strengths of the patient allowed to develop a tailor-made intervention plan, and these interventions have resulted in empowerment and recovery. The strength-based approach is one of the approaches which came differently from the deficit models of psychosocial practice. In India, the practice of a strength-based approach for interventions in various fields is in its infancy. The legislations in India have provisions that support a strength-based approach.

Pathological personality traits of maladaptive daydreamers measured by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 in a psychiatric sample.

This study aimed to estimate the frequency of maladaptive daydreaming and to explore the pathological personality traits of probable maladaptive daydreamers. Our sample consisted of 239 psychiatric patients. After screening, 42 persons were probable maladaptive, while 197 participants prove to be normal daydreamers. Two pathological domains and three facets measured by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 showed a moderate significant correlation with the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale. The score of nearly every domain and facet was slightly higher among probable maladaptive daydreamers. To quantify the difference between the groups, effect sizes were calculated: Significant difference was found on the domain level in Antagonism, while on the facet level in Hostility, Grandiosity, Attention Seeking, Unusual Beliefs and Experiences, Cognitive and Perceptual Dysregulation. The group of probable maladaptive daydreamers was further examined to identify potential subgroups. Cluster analysis revealed heterogeneity in the severeness and patterns of pathological personality domains. Cluster 1 showed higher mean scores on the PID domains and on the MDS compared to Cluster 2. Clusters 1 and 2 broke further down into two subclusters: Cluster 1a and Cluster 1b differed in their mean scores on the domains of Antagonism and Detachment; the mean scores of Cluster 2a were uniformly low on each domain, while the mean values of Cluster 2b were scattered in a mixed way on the domains. Our results suggest that maladaptive daydreaming might manifest with differently pathological personality profiles in the background. This aspect might worth considering in planning treatment.

Patient Perspective in Saudi Arabia: What Qualities Make a Good and Competent Psychiatrist?

Introduction The good qualities of a psychiatrist can vary when asking a psychiatrist, a resident, a student, or even a patient. The patient's perspective, however, is of utmost importance and can be extremely unique. Our study aims to visualize and analyze the perspective of outpatients of the psychiatric department at King Fahad Hospital University on what qualities make a good and competent psychiatrist.As psychiatric medicine depends a lot on the psychological aspect, it yields high importance on studying how patients perceive and see their doctors in different regions of the world. For this reason, we conducted our studyin Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Materials and methods A self-structured questionnaire named "What Qualities Make a Good and Competent Psychiatrist?" was developed and used to achieve the study objectives. It encompassessix sections: patients' personal data and demographics, patients' medical data, psychiatrists' personal traits, knowledge domain, social domain, and clinical setting domain. Results After data collection and analysis, our results showed the following. Patients did not have a generalized preference for personal traits or demographics; however, they preferred Saudi and Arabic-speaking physicians among others. Patients preferred their psychiatrists to be up to date with current research. The score per item is the lowest in the clinical domain, indicating that for the respondents, the clinical domain is the most important trait of a psychiatrist. Of the patients,66.8% reported that appropriate grooming and clothing were crucial for a psychiatrist. Empathy and proper communication were also very important from the patients' points of view. Social and knowledge domains are also of extreme importance in our region. Discussion In our study, there seems to be no preference towarda psychiatrist's demographic traits with the exception of a Saudi nationality and being an Arabic speaker. The traits explored in this study are categorized into three domains: clinical setting domain, knowledge domain, and social domain. Of the three domains mentioned, the clinical setting domain was deemed the most important, followed by the social and knowledge domains. In a study conducted in Singapore, the social characteristics of the psychiatrist, whichrepresented care and sympathy,were the main concern of patients.A study conducted in the UK showed thatthe participants were less concerned with the organizational social aspects of the medical processes than the clinical management components.Although the overall requirement for a knowledgeable, skilled, and socially competent psychiatrist and a proper clinical setting is sought by most psychiatric patients in different cultures and countries, there are also significant differences in the priorities of such characteristics. This emphasizes how every region has its standards for this occupation. Conclusion Theresults of this study suggest a variety of patients' and guardians' perspectives in different cultures with the clinical setting being an integral part of the psychiatrist's practice in Al-Khobar, KSA. The results showed that the clinical settingdomain was the most critical domain, followed by social and knowledge domains. To improve patient experience and satisfaction, certain actions should be taken into consideration in our region.

Mapping Caste Violence in the Domestic Front: Representation of the Caste Questions in Contemporary Malayalam Cinema

Conservative modes of representation of the Dalit lives and the caste questions in Malayalam cinema used to adhere to the stereotypical portrayal of caste-based violence as a tool to evoke pity, fear or laughter. However, recent movies emphasise the revolt of the subaltern both in personal and public domains of discourse. This paper attempts to analyse two recent Malayalam films, Puzhu (the Worm) and Malayankunju (The Malaya Child) released in 2022 that blatantly deal with caste-based violence operational in the domestic sphere. The critique is based on two major questions: how do caste identity and caste-based violence function in the domestic interiors and in what ways do the dominant patriarchal discourses complicate the subjective positioning of women within and outside the household? The study identifies various elements that contribute to the construction of subjectivity of the Dalit and discusses the issues embedded in caste pride leading to catastrophe at the home-front through ostracisation and excision (either through murder or through mutilation) processes of those ones who do not conform to the dictated norms of casteists. Within the theoretical framework of structural and cultural violence, the paper analyses how caste-based violence and gender-based violence are types of structural violence, and discusses the legitimation of it sanctioned by various cultural elements.