Domain-level Analyses Research Articles

Domain-wise dissection of thermal stability enhancement in multidomain proteins

Stability is critical for the proper functioning of all proteins. Optimization of protein thermostability is a key step in the development of industrial enzymes and biologics. Herein, we demonstrate that multidomain proteins can be stabilized significantly using domain-based engineering followed by the recombination of the optimized domains. Domain-level analysis of designed protein variants with similar structures but different thermal profiles showed that the independent enhancement of the thermostability of a constituent domain improves the overall stability of the whole multidomain protein. The crystal structure and AlphaFold-predicted model of the designed proteins via domain-recombination provided a molecular explanation for domain-based stepwise stabilization. Our study suggests that domain-based modular engineering can minimize the sequence space for calculations in computational design and experimental errors, thereby offering useful guidance for multidomain protein engineering.

Informing training needs for the revised certified clinical data manager (CCDMTM) exam: analysis of results from the previous exam.

ObjectiveTo inform training needs for the revised Certified Clinical Data Manager (CCDMTM) Exam.IntroductionClinical data managers hold the responsibility for processing the data on which research conclusions and regulatory decisions are based, highlighting the importance of applying effective data management practices. The use of practice standards such as the Good Clinical Data Management Practices increases confidence in data, emphasizing that the study conclusions likely hold much more weight when utilizing standard practices.MethodsA quantitative, descriptive study, and application of classic test theory was undertaken to analyze past data from the CCDMTM Exam to identify potential training needs. Data across 952 sequential exam attempts were pooled for analysis.ResultsCompetency domain-level analysis identified training needs in 4 areas: design tasks; data processing tasks; programming tasks; and coordination and management tasks.ConclusionsAnalysis of past CCDMTM Exam results using classic test theory identified training needs reflective of exam takers. Training in the identified areas could benefit CCDMTM Exam takers and improve their ability to apply effective data management practices. While this may not be reflective of individual or organizational needs, recommendations for assessing individual and organizational training needs are provided.

Personality and the pro-environmental individual: Unpacking the interplay between attitudes, behaviour and climate change denial

Individual variation in attitudes is hindering our efforts to address global anthropogenic climate change. To better understand climate change deniers, we considered the relationship between climate change denial and environmentalism constructs through an individual differences perspective. We aimed to identify the personality traits associated with climate change denial, environmental self-concept, and pro-environmental behaviours. We measured personality using the Big Five Aspect Scales. Using hierarchical multiple regressions, we determined the personality profile that predicts climate change denial, ecological self-concept, and pro-environmental behaviour. At the domain level, the Openness/Intellect domain significantly predicted each of the environmental constructs, and the Agreeableness domain was predictive of ecological self-concept and climate change acceptance. At the aspect level, the Openness aspect was the primary personality predictor for each construct. Our results demonstrate that aspect level analyses could be more efficacious than domain level analysis, as they have greater specificity and explanatory power.

An International Survey on Temporomandibular Joint Surgeon’s Implementation and Management of Discectomy in Treating Temporomandibular Joint Internal Derangement

To survey temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgeons to determine current practice trends and perceptions regarding the role of discectomy for the treatment of TMJ internal derangements. An anonymous 5-part web-based survey was sent to TMJ surgeons. The survey was created and distributed, and the data were collected with the University of Michigan Qualtrics platform. Responses were compared based on operative volume, tendency to replace the disc, and likelihood of requiring temporomandibular joint replacement (TJR) after discectomy. Spearman correlations were used to test statistically significant differences. Domain-level analyses were also performed by summarizing items into 3 domain scores. Analyses were performed in SAS V9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Fifty-nine surgeons (33.9%) completed the survey. Discectomy was not considered to be a useful procedure by 85% of respondents, and 74% would not consider discectomy as a first surgical option. Most would consider discectomy (64%) before alloplastic total joint replacement. Discectomy was preferred over discopexy for the management of anterior disc displacement with reduction by high volume surgeons (89%), but most (72%) did not feel that discectomy was beneficial over arthroscopy in the treatment of anterior disc displacement without reduction and concomitant degenerative bony changes. In managing symptomatic disc perforation, 66% agreed that discectomy is the procedure of choice and 49% felt that interpositional tissue is indicated in most cases after discectomy. Respondents who reported fewer re-operations requiring alloplastic TJR after discectomy had, onaverage, more positive perceptions of discectomy on the benefits domain (P=.03), better than alternatives domain (P=.03), and fewer concerns on the perceived adverse effects domain (P=.03). TMJ surgeons do not employ TMJ discectomy in most cases of TMJ internal derangement. However, discectomy is considered useful in cases of disc perforation or for persistent symptomatic disc displacement without reduction, in an attempt to avoid alloplastic TJR. Common adverse effects included joint noises and osteoarthrosis, and the use of interpositional disc replacement tissue did not alter the incidence of adverse effects or complications reported.

PIH33 Generic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS) for Use in Pediatric Age Group: Review of Available Measures

Various generic patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) are available to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL), symptoms, psychological and behavioral function in children. Pediatric PROMs are required to appropriately accommodate children's cognitive development, reading comprehension and language skills. Generic PROMs are suitable to be used in clinical trials when appropriate disease-specific PROMs are unavailable. This review aimed to identify and systematically evaluate generic PROMs (self- and proxy-reported) for children and adolescents below 18 years of age. Literature searches were performed in Medline and Embase until January 2019. Keywords like “pediatric”, “HRQoL” were used to identify generic PROMs developed or used in the pediatric population. Selected PROMs underwent domain-level evaluation to inform on conceptual coverage. Psychometric properties were evaluated on the basis of PRO review considerations of the FDA Guidance (2009). A total of 846 abstracts were identified and were screened to obtain a list of generic PROMs. Based on domain-level analysis, PROMs were classified as: HRQoL (n=39), health utility (n=7), psychological functioning (n=40), and behavioral (n=20). For further in-depth evaluation, 22 PROMs which had evidence of use in clinical trials were selected. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) was the most commonly (41.3%) used PROM in the included studies. For establishing the content validity, all except KINDL, and Childhood Health Assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) involved children (or parents). Complete psychometric testing including reliability, validity, sensitivity to change (responsiveness) and minimal clinically interpretable difference (MCID) was reported for the CHAQ, PROMIS- Pediatric Global Health Measure (PGH-7), PedsQL, and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). The PedsQL, KINDL, and DISABKIDS also had disease-specific modules. Many generic pediatric PROMs are available but only PedsQL, PGH-7 and PODCI have evidence of complete psychometric validation. Selection of pediatric PROMs for use in clinical trials should be based on conceptual coverage, content validity and psychometric strength.

Helminth genome analysis reveals conservation of extracellular vesicle biogenesis pathways but divergence of RNA loading machinery between phyla

A comparative genomics approach was used to determine whether established extracellular vesicle biogenesis pathways are conserved in helminths. This revealed conservation of membrane and cytoskeletal organising proteins as well as the endosomal sorting complex required for transport previously described in mammalian cells. Domain level analysis of this complex in helminths, however, indicated that some species may rely on atypical proteins to support subunit interactions and cargo recruitment. Interestingly, helminths displayed phylum level divergence of proteins associated with loading RNA into extracellular vesicles. These findings provide a framework for functional studies of helminth extracellular vesicle biogenesis and cargo sorting.

A checklist for choosing between R packages in ecology and evolution.

The open source and free programming language R is a phenomenal mechanism to address a multiplicity of challenges in ecology and evolution. It is also a complex ecosystem because of the diversity of solutions available to the analyst.Packages for R enhance and specialize the capacity to explore both niche data/experiments and more common needs. However, the paradox of choice or how we select between many seemingly similar options can be overwhelming and lead to different potential outcomes.There is extensive choice in ecology and evolution between packages for both fundamental statistics and for more specialized domain‐level analyses.Here, we provide a checklist to inform these decisions based on the principles of resilience, need, and integration with scientific workflows for evidence.It is important to explore choices in any analytical coding environment—not just R—for solutions to challenges in ecology and evolution, and document this process because it advances reproducible science, promotes a deeper understand of the scientific evidence, and ensures that the outcomes are correct, representative, and robust.

Domainoid: domain-oriented orthology inference

BackgroundOrthology inference is normally based on full-length protein sequences. However, most proteins contain independently folding and recurring regions, domains. The domain architecture of a protein is vital for its function, and recombination events mean individual domains can have different evolutionary histories. It has previously been shown that orthologous proteins may differ in domain architecture, creating challenges for orthology inference methods operating on full-length sequences. We have developed Domainoid, a new tool aiming to overcome these challenges faced by full-length orthology methods by inferring orthology on the domain level. It employs the InParanoid algorithm on single domains separately, to infer groups of orthologous domains.ResultsThis domain-oriented approach allows detection of discordant domain orthologs, cases where different domains on the same protein have different evolutionary histories. In addition to domain level analysis, protein level orthology based on the fraction of domains that are orthologous can be inferred. Domainoid orthology assignments were compared to those yielded by the conventional full-length approach InParanoid, and were validated in a standard benchmark.ConclusionsOur results show that domain-based orthology inference can reveal many orthologous relationships that are not found by full-length sequence approaches.Availabilityhttps://bitbucket.org/sonnhammergroup/domainoid/

Predictive and Convergent Validity of the Youth Assessment and Screening Instrument in a Sample of Male and Female Justice-Involved Youth

Sufficient evidence exists that gender should and does matter in offender management. This study examined the predictive validity of risk and strength factors extracted from the Youth Assessment and Screening Instrument (YASI) and the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) in a sample of 254 justice-involved youth (148 males, 106 females) from Ontario, Canada. Overall, total risk scores from both measures predicted recidivism (area under receiver operator characteristic curve [AUCs] = .62-.70). Domain-level analyses illustrated that criminal attitudes and associates (scored as risks or protective/strengths) were among the strongest predictors of recidivism in both genders. The YASI demonstrated strong convergent validity with the YLS/CMI. The results support the YASI and the YLS/CMI as viable risk assessment measures for justice-involved male and female youth. Given that the YASI includes both gender neutral and gender responsive items, it may be a particularly good choice for use with justice-involved females.

Standard Teacher Training Model Development through the Elementary and Middle School Safety Education Level Analysis

이 연구는 초․중등학교 안전교육 교원연수를 위한 안전교육 영역을 도출하고 영역별 난이도, 중요도, 빈도를 조사 분석하여 영역별 수준(상, 중, 하)을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구 고찰과 초등학교와 중·고등학교 교원 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 연구 결과 및 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선행연구를 통한 초․중등 교원의 안전교육 영역은 생활안전, 교통안전, 약물 및 사이버 중독 예방(직업안전), 재난안전, 시설안전 5대 영역이다. 둘째, 초․중등 교원 안전교육 영역의 난이도, 중요도, 빈도 분석 결과, 교원들은 학교에서 안전사고가 자주 발생하고 있으며 이를 대처하는 학교안전 관련 업무가 대체로 어렵지만 중요하다고 인식한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 초·중등 교원 안전교육 영역의 수준 분석 결과에 따른 연수과정(안)은 ①교통/시설안전 강화형 연수(1-3년차), ②재난안전 강화형 연수(4~6년차), ③생활안전(응급처치) 강화형 연수(7~9년차), ④생활안전(폭력예방) 강화형 연수(10~12년차) 4개 과정이며, 과정명의 교직 경력이 높을수록 높은 난이도의 연수과정을 의미한다. 마지막으로 이 연구에서 영역별·수준별로 체계화한 연수과정은 초중등 교원표준연수모델을 개발하는 기초 자료를 제공하게 된다. 이는 초중등 교원이 재직하는 동안에 각 연수과정을 주기적으로 이수하여 학교안전 전문성을 함양하는 데에 기여하게 될 것이다.This research deduced a safety education domain for the elementary and middle school safety education teacher training, and made an investigation and analysis of domain difficulty level, importance level and frequency, and analyzed the domain level(superior, medium and inferior). To do this, we considered the advanced research and executed the questionnaire for the elementary, middle and high school teachers, having the following research result and conclusion. First, the elementary and middle school teacher’s safety education domains through the advanced research are 5 domains of life safety, traffic safety, drug and cyber addiction prevention(occupational safety), disaster safety and facility safety. Second, as the result of analyzing the difficulty level and importance level and frequency of elementary and middle school teacher’s safety education domain, the teachers recognized that the safety accident is frequently happening at school, and that the school safety related work to cope with it is generally difficult but important. Third, according to the elementary and middle school teacher’s safety education domain level analysis result, the training process(plan) is of 4 processes of ① traffic/facility safety reinforcement type training(1-3 years), ②disaster safety reinforcement type training(4~6 years), ③life safety(first aids)reinforcement type training(7~9 years) and ④life safety (violence prevention) reinforcement type training(10~12 years), and it means that the higher process teacher career the higher difficulty level training process. Finally, the systematized training process by domain and level of this research provided the basic data that develops the elementary and middle school teacher’s standard training model. And this will contribute for the elementary and middle school teacher to complete systematically each process during his tenure of office and to promote his specialities of school safety.

Utilizing Five Factor Model facets to conceptualize counterproductive, unethical, and organizational citizenship workplace behaviors

General personality traits have potential utility for assisting with employee selection processes and predicting employee behaviors. Previous research has examined and provided evidence for the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality domains with positive and negative workplace behaviors, but few studies have examined these relationships at the facet level. To address this gap in the literature, the current study examined the association between workplace behaviors and FFM facets in both university students and Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) samples. Resampling techniques were utilized to examine the relationships of FFM personality traits, with both positively oriented (i.e., organizational citizenship) and negatively oriented (i.e., workplace deviance, and unethical) workplace behaviors. The results demonstrated that FFM facets are meaningfully associated with positive and negative workplace behaviors and highlighted the evidence for the utility of considering facet level relationships, beyond domain level analyses. Counterproductive workplace behaviors were primarily associated negatively with facets of agreeableness and conscientiousness, and organizational citizenship behaviors were primarily associated positively with facets of extraversion and conscientiousness and negatively with neuroticism. The applied utility of personality trait assessment and facet-level analysis is discussed relative to workplace behaviors.

Explicating the Dispositional Basis of the OCRDs: a Hierarchical Perspective

We examined the dispositional component of the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) in a large adult sample. Our battery included two hierarchical measures of personality, which allowed us to examine relations with both higher-order domains and lower-order facets of the five-factor model. In addition, our study included multiple indicators of each OCRD, which enabled us to model them as latent factors. Principal factor analyses of these indicators revealed six dimensions: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Hoarding, Excoriation, Body Dissatisfaction, Trichotillomania, and Body Preoccupation. Body Dissatisfaction, OCD, and Hoarding showed the strongest links to personality, with the other symptoms displaying more moderate associations. Neuroticism was the strongest and broadest predictor of the OCRDs at the domain level, exhibiting significant positive relations with every symptom dimension except Body Preoccupation in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. Conscientiousness showed negative associations with Body Dissatisfaction and Hoarding, and was positively related to Body Preoccupation. Finally, openness was negatively linked to OCD at both the bivariate and multivariate level. In comparison to domain-level analyses, the lower-order facets jointly contributed an additional 11.8% (Excoriation) to 17.6% (OCD) of the criterion variance, with a mean increment of 14.2%. Three neuroticism facets—anger, self-consciousness, and impulsiveness—displayed robust positive associations with two or more OCRD symptom factors, but no lower-order trait contributed significantly in every analysis. Overall, our results indicate that—similar to most other forms of psychopathology—OCRD symptoms have a common component of elevated neuroticism.

MP95-13 CORRELATION OF STRESS IN KIDNEY STONE PATIENTS WITH THE WISCONSIN STONE QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE

You have accessJournal of UrologyStone Disease: Epidemiology & Evaluation II1 Apr 2017MP95-13 CORRELATION OF STRESS IN KIDNEY STONE PATIENTS WITH THE WISCONSIN STONE QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONNAIRE Ben H. Chew, Thomas Chi, Stephen Y. Nakada, and Kristina L. Penniston Ben H. ChewBen H. Chew More articles by this author , Thomas ChiThomas Chi More articles by this author , Stephen Y. NakadaStephen Y. Nakada More articles by this author , and Kristina L. PennistonKristina L. Penniston More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.02.3015AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Stress may play a role in endocrinologic causes of kidney stones, be a consequence of stones, or both. We sought to determine if stress was correlated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in kidney stone patients with a multi-institutional, prospective approach. METHODS With IRB approval at participating sites, a subset of patients from the North American Stone Quality of Life Consortium were administered the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life (WISQOL) questionnaires. Both are validated, but WISQOL is a stone-specific, patient-reported outcome to assess HRQOL. WISQOL total and domain scores were compared with PSS-10 scores. WISQOL and PSS-10 scores were also compared by patients' stone and symptom statuses. RESULTS Patients (n=114; M 56, F 58; age 55±15 y) from 3 centers participated; 78% were white Caucasian, 6% Hispanic/Latino, 11% Asian, and 4% Black/African American. Most (90%) were mixed calcium stone formers. Duration of stone disease varied (mean 10 y; median 4.5 y) as did patients' estimated number of lifetime stone events (mean 4.6; median 2.0). Among patients with active stone symptoms (27% of sample), total WISQOL and PSS-10 scores were inversely correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient, -0.235; P=0.014), demonstrating that lower HRQOL was associated with more stress. Domain-level analysis revealed that lower HRQOL scores in domains 1 (emotional impact) and 4 (vitality) were also associated with more stress (P=0.011 and 0.0065, respectively). While the WISQOL discriminated patients with stones at survey completion from patients without (P=0.019 for difference in total scores), the PSS-10 did not (P=0.73 for difference in PSS-10 scores). Similarly, the WISQOL distinguished symptomatic patients from asymptomatic (p<0.0001 for difference) while the PSS-10 could not (P=0.46). CONCLUSIONS The inverse relationship between the PSS-10 and WISQOL showed overall that patients with higher levels of stress had lower HRQOL. Patients with stone-related symptoms scored lower on the WISQOL for emotional impact and vitality than asymptomatic patients and had significantly more stress. Despite the association of stress and lower HRQOL in patients with stones and symptoms, stress alone did not explain the HRQOL differences between these groups. This study showed that stone patients with a lower HRQOL had more stress. A future comparison of stress levels in stone patients compared to non-stone forming controls may help us determine if stress has a reactive or causative role in kidney stone disease. © 2017FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 197Issue 4SApril 2017Page: e1291 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017MetricsAuthor Information Ben H. Chew More articles by this author Thomas Chi More articles by this author Stephen Y. Nakada More articles by this author Kristina L. Penniston More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Borderline Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder Diagnoses From the Perspective of the DSM-5 Personality Traits: A Study on Italian Clinical Participants.

To evaluate the associations between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) Alternative Model of Personality Disorder traits and domains and categorically diagnosed narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD), respectively, 238 inpatient and outpatient participants who were consecutively admitted to the Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Unit of San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, Italy, were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Based on SCID-II, the participants were assigned to the following groups: a) NPD (n = 49), b) BPD (n = 32), c) any other PD (n = 91), and d) no PD (n = 63). Emotional lability, separation insecurity, depressivity, impulsivity, risk taking, and hostility were significantly associated with BPD diagnosis. Attention seeking significantly discriminated participants who received an SCID-II categorical NPD diagnosis. Separation insecurity, impulsivity, distractibility, and perceptual dysregulation were the DSM-5 traits that significantly discriminated BPD participants. Domain-level analyses confirmed and extended trait-level findings.

A comparative analysis of the DNA recombination repair pathway in mycobacterial genomes

In prokaryotes, repair by homologous recombination provides a major means to reinstate the genetic information lost in DNA damage. Recombination repair pathway in mycobacteria has multiple differences as compared to that in Escherichia coli. Of about 20 proteins known to be involved in the pathway, a set of 9 proteins, namely, RecF, RecO, RecR, RecA, SSBa, RuvA, RuvB and RuvC was found to be indispensable among the 43 mycobacterial strains. A domain level analysis indicated that most domains involved in recombination repair are unique to these proteins and are present as single copies in the genomes. Synteny analysis reveals that the gene order of proteins involved in the pathway is not conserved, suggesting that they may be regulated differently in different species. Sequence conservation among the same protein from different strains suggests the importance of RecO-RecA and RecFOR-RecA presynaptic pathways in the repair of double strand-breaks and single strand-breaks respectively. New annotations obtained from the analysis, include identification of a protein with a probable Holliday junction binding role present in 41 mycobacterial genomes and that of a RecB-like nuclease, containing a cas4 domain, present in 42 genomes. New insights into the binding of small molecules to the relevant proteins are provided by binding pocket analysis using three dimensional structural models. Analysis of the various features of the recombination repair pathway, presented here, is likely to provide a framework for further exploring stress response and emergence of drug resistance in mycobacteria.

Depolarization field effect on dielectric and piezoelectric properties of particulate ferroelectric ceramic-polymer composites

The effects of depolarization field on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric ceramic particle-filled polymer-matrix composites are investigated at the underlying domain level. Phase field modeling and simulation reveals that the macroscopic properties of the composites are dominated by depolarization field effect, which depends on the arrangement and alignment rather than the size or internal grain structure of the ferroelectric particulates. It is found that 0–3 particulate composites with random dispersion of ferroelectric particles behave essentially like linear dielectric rather than ferroelectric materials, and domain-level analysis reveals the physical mechanism for lack of domain switching or hysteresis as attributed to strong depolarization effect. Thus, without effective reduction or elimination of the depolarization field, the composites cannot benefit from the functional fillers regardless of their superior properties. In order to exhibit the desired ferroelectric behaviors, it necessitates continuous ferroelectric phase connectivity in the composites.

Integrating Normal and Pathological Personality

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) assesses traits relevant for diagnosing personality disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). We examined the PID-5 in relation to the Big-Three and Big-Five personality traits in outpatient and community adult samples. Domain-level analyses revealed that PID-5 Negative Affectivity correlated strongly with Neuroticism, and PID-5 Antagonism and Disinhibition correlated strongly negatively with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, respectively; Antagonism and Disinhibition also were both linked strongly to Big-Three trait Disinhibition. PID-5 Detachment related strongly to personality, including Extraversion/Positive Temperament, but did not show its expected specificity to this factor. Finally, PID-5 Psychoticism correlated only modestly with Openness. Facet-level analyses indicated that some PID-5 scales demonstrated replicable deviations from their DSM-5 model placements. We discuss implications of these data for the DSM-5 model of personality disorder, and for integrating it with well-established structures of normal personality.

Personality disorders and the five-factor model: a test of facet-level predictions.

We tested predicted relationships (Widiger, 1993; Widiger, Trull, Clarkin, Sanderson, & Costa, 1994) between personality disorder scores and facets of the five-factor model, and evaluated the relative benefits of facet-level analyses over domain-level analyses. Data from 614 undergraduates indicated: (a) 63% of the predicted facet relationships were significant, although many unpredicted relationships also emerged; (b) facet-level analyses did not yield substantially stronger effect sizes than domain-level analyses; but (c) facet-level analyses provided much better discrimination between personality disorders than domain-level analyses. Facets of the openness to experience domain also helped discriminate between personality disorders, which is in contrast to previous domain-level findings that openness is not important.