Domain-dependent Information Research Articles

MI-CAT: A transformer-based domain adaptation network for motor imagery classification

Due to its convenience and safety, electroencephalography (EEG) data is one of the most widely used signals in motor imagery (MI) brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). In recent years, methods based on deep learning have been widely applied to the field of BCIs, and some studies have gradually tried to apply Transformer to EEG signal decoding due to its superior global information focusing ability. However, EEG signals vary from subject to subject. Based on Transformer, how to effectively use data from other subjects (source domain) to improve the classification performance of a single subject (target domain) remains a challenge. To fill this gap, we propose a novel architecture called MI-CAT. The architecture innovatively utilizes Transformer’s self-attention and cross-attention mechanisms to interact features to resolve differential distribution between different domains. Specifically, we adopt a patch embedding layer for the extracted source and target features to divide the features into multiple patches. Then, we comprehensively focus on the intra-domain and inter-domain features by stacked multiple Cross-Transformer Blocks (CTBs), which can adaptively conduct bidirectional knowledge transfer and information exchange between domains. Furthermore, we also utilize two non-shared domain-based attention blocks to efficiently capture domain-dependent information, optimizing the features extracted from the source and target domains to assist in feature alignment. To evaluate our method, we conduct extensive experiments on two real public EEG datasets, Dataset IIb and Dataset IIa, achieving competitive performance with an average classification accuracy of 85.26% and 76.81%, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is a powerful model for decoding EEG signals and facilitates the development of the Transformer for brain–computer interfaces (BCIs).

Presenting a method for extracting structured domain-dependent information from Farsi Web pages

Presenting a method for extracting structured domain-dependent information from Farsi Web pages

Modeling Reader's Emotional State Response on Document's Typographic Elements

We present the results of an experimental study towards modeling the reader's emotional state variations induced by the typographic elements in electronic documents. Based on the dimensional theory of emotions we investigate how typographic elements, like font style (bold, italics, bold-italics) and font (type, size, color and background color), affect the reader's emotional states, namely, Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD). An experimental procedure was implemented conforming to International Affective Picture System guidelines and incorporating the Self-Assessment Manikin test. Thirty students participated in the experiment. The stimulus was a short paragraph of text for which any content, emotion, and/or domain dependent information was excluded. The Analysis of Variance revealed the dependency of (a) all the three emotional dimensions on font size and font/background color combinations and (b) the Pleasure dimension on font type and font style. We introduce a set of mapping rules showing how PAD vary on the discrete values of font style and font type elements. Moreover, we introduce a set of equations describing the PAD dimensions' dependency on font size. This novel model can contribute to the automated reader's emotional state extraction in order, for example, to enhance the acoustic rendition of the documents, utilizing text-to-speech synthesis.

A Study of Parts-Based Object Class Detection Using Complete Graphs

Object detection is one of the key components in modern computer vision systems. While the detection of a specific rigid object under changing viewpoints was considered hard just a few years ago, current research strives to detect and recognize classes of non-rigid, articulated objects. Hampered by the omnipresent confusing information due to clutter and occlusion, the focus has shifted from holistic approaches for object detection to representations of individual object parts linked by structural information, along with richer contextual descriptions of object configurations. Along this line of research, we present a practicable and expandable probabilistic framework for parts-based object class representation, enabling the detection of rigid and articulated object classes in arbitrary views. We investigate learning of this representation from labelled training images and infer globally optimal solutions to the contextual MAP-detection problem, using A *-search with a novel lower-bound as admissible heuristic. An assessment of the inference performance of Belief-Propagation and Tree-Reweighted Belief Propagation is obtained as a by-product. The generality of our approach is demonstrated on four different datasets utilizing domain dependent information cues.

Using temporal logics to express search control knowledge for planning

Over the years increasingly sophisticated planning algorithms have been developed. These have made for more efficient planners, but unfortunately these planners still suffer from combinatorial complexity even in simple domains. Theoretical results demonstrate that planning is in the worst case intractable. Nevertheless, planning in particular domains can often be made tractable by utilizing additional domain structure. In fact, it has long been acknowledged that domain-independent planners need domain-dependent information to help them plan effectively. In this work we present an approach for representing and utilizing domain-specific control knowledge. In particular, we show how domain-dependent search control knowledge can be represented in a temporal logic, and then utilized to effectively control a forward-chaining planner. There are a number of advantages to our approach, including a declarative semantics for the search control knowledge; a high degree of modularity (new search control knowledge can be added without affecting previous control knowledge); and an independence of this knowledge from the details of the planning algorithm. We have implemented our ideas in the TLplan system, and have been able to demonstrate its remarkable effectiveness in a wide range of planning domains.

Understanding design-manufacture interaction using compromise decision support problems—I. A formulation for composite pressure vessels

The decision support problem (DSP) technique is being developed to facilitate the concurrent implementation of design, manufacture and maintenance. This involves the development of a domain-independent method (and the associated software) that can be used to process domain-dependent information and thereby provide support for human judgment. Modeling and gaining an understanding of the interaction between design and manufacture is an important step in this development. We found that there was a need for a test problem to study and understand various issues associated with the interaction between design and manufacture. In this paper, we introduce a conceptual model of a process for design (particularized for composite material components) that includes two principal phases, namely, that of ‘designing for concept’ and ‘designing for manufacture’. We report on the formulation of a comprehensive ‘non-textbook’ problem for modeling and understanding the issues involved in preliminary synthesis and then extend this problem to help understand the interaction between design and manufacture. The problem is formulated as a compromise DSP template and subsequently solved. The template for preliminary synthesis of composite pressure vessels and our observations are reported in part II of this paper and the lessons learned with regard to the interaction between design and manufacture through exercising the template are reported in part III. The focus in all three papers is on the method and understanding the subsequent ramifications—and not on the designs which are obtained by solving the templates.

Understanding design-manufacture interaction using compromise decision support problems—III. Design for manufacture of composite pressure vessels

The decision support problem (DSP) technique is being developed to facilitate the concurrent implementation of design, manufacture, and maintenance. This involves the development of a domain-independent method (and the associated software) that can be used to process domain-dependent information and thereby provide support for human judgment. Modeling and gaining an understanding of the interaction between design and manufacture is an important step in this development. A conceptual model of a process for design (for composite material pressure vessels) and the formulation and solution of a “non-textbook” compromise DSP template for the preliminary synthesis of composite pressure vessels is reported in parts II and III, of this paper respectively. This work provides the foundation on which the current work, namely, the development and implementation of a template to help understand the interaction between design and manufacture, is based. A parametric study to demonstrate the utility of the template to a designer is also included. The focus in this paper is on the method and on understanding the subsequent ramifications; the focus is not on the designs which are obtained by solving the template.

Understanding design-manufacture interaction using compromise decision support problems—II. Preliminary synthesis of composite pressure vessels

The decision support problem (DSP) technique is being developed to facilitate the concurrent implementation of design, manufacture and maintenance. This involves the development of a domain-independent method (and the associated software) that can be used to process domain-dependent information and thereby provide support for human judgment. Modeling and gaining an understanding of the interaction between design and manufacture is an important step in this development. A conceptual model of a process for design (for composite material pressure vessels) and the formulation of a ‘non-textbook’ compromise DSP template for modeling and understanding the issues involved in design manufacturing integration are reported in Part I of this paper. Here we present our observations after exercising the template for the preliminary synthesis of composite pressure vessels. The template is exercised thrice; the weights (priorities) associated with the different goals of the design are changed, the failure criteria used to evaluate the failure of the pressure vessel are changed and the template is modified to include reserve strength considerations. The method proposed to account for intact and reserve strength in the design process is unique and an effective means of including strength considerations in the evaluation of the overall technical efficiency of the system. The successful implementation of this template, in our opinion, provides a test problem to study and understand various issues associated with the development of design methods and provides the foundation from which to develop a template to help understand the interaction between design and manufacture. The focus in this paper is on the method and on understanding the subsequent ramifications; the focus is not on the designs which are obtained by solving the template.

Design of linkages: A conceptual exercise in designing for concept

The Decision Support Problem (DSP) Technique for unified design, manufacturing and maintenance is being developed at the Systems Design Laboratory of the University of Houston. This involves the development of a domain-independent method (and the associated software) that can be used to process domain-dependent information and thereby provide support for human judgment. In a computer-assisted environment this support, at present, is provided in the form of optimal solutions to selection, compromise, hierarchical and conditional DSPs. Typically, the design of linkages is carried out in three stages: type selection, parameter specification and evaluation. In this paper, we introduce the notion of designing for concept and show how it could apply to the designs of linkages. We provide a conceptual representation, using DSPs, for the implementation of designing for concept in the case of linkages. We give the word forms of compromise DSPs for kinematic and dynamic synthesis of four-bar linkages and show how our approach allows the evolution of two related compromise formulations into a superior, integrated formulation. Specifically, we present the word form of an integrated compromise DSP that makes provision for simultaneous kinematic and dynamic synthesis.