Domino System Research Articles

Predicting embodied carbon reduction by evaluating building shape parameters in preliminary design through the Dom-ino system

ABSTRACT Adopting carbon-efficient building shapes has significant potential to reduce embodied carbon emissions (ECEs). Early-stage design decisions play a crucial role in this process, yet current methods lack predictive models for ECEs based on building shape parameters. This study addresses this gap by utilizing the Dom-ino system, which includes concrete and steel framing, to develop a method for estimating ECEs. The study analyzes the influence of building shape parameters, such as plan aspect ratio and number of floors, on ECEs and fits equations to the results to establish predictive models. Our findings indicate that these parameters significantly impact ECEs, and the study delves into the mechanisms by which they affect structural components and material usage. The developed method provides architects with a tool to evaluate and optimize building designs for lower carbon impact during the early stages of design. This approach supports a swift and environmentally conscious design process, enhancing the ability to predict and reduce ECEs in architectural projects.

How Fast are Elastic Domino Waves?

The paper is concerned with the problem of toppling propagation velocity in elastic, domino-like mechanical systems. We build on the work of Efthimiou and Johnson, who developed the theory of perfectly elastic collisions of thin rigid dominoes on a frictional foundation. This theory has been criticised for the lack of correspondence with the experimental observations, in particular, prediction of infinite propagation velocity for zero spacing between dominoes, as well as the inability to represent the collective nature of collisions in real domino systems. In our work we consider a more realistic scenario of dominoes of finite stiffness and obtain a theory of fast elastic domino waves, taking into account a limit velocity of the perturbation propagation in the system of dominoes. Moreover, finite collision time allows to extract dynamic quantities of collisions and establish upper and lower borders for domino separations where the theory could still be applied. Our discrete element simulations support our theoretical findings and shed light on the nature of collective interactions in the nearly-elastic domino chains.Graphical abstract

르 코르뷔제가 제시한 4가지 구성의 개념과 주택 작품 분석

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the architectural form and spatial composition by understanding the concept of the ‘Les 4 Compositions’ presented by Le Corbusier and the house works pursued by him. Through sketches of the ‘Les 4 Compositions’ of the houses, his architectural concepts of the ‘Les 4 Compositions’ were examined how each of these concepts was applied to his architectural designs. Method: The concept of the ‘Les 4 Compositions’ were understood through analyzing his four house works. The First composition which each part is independently connected and the inside is projected to the outside corresponds to Villa La Roche. The Second composition which each part is compressed into a strict and pure cube corresponds to Villa Stein. The Third composition which free plan is composed through various volumes in the structure of the Dom-ino system corresponds to Villa Carthage. The Fourth composition which the advantages of each composition are polymerized corresponds to Villa Savoye. Result: The architectural form pursued by Le Corbusier contains his philosophy of architecture and how to solve it. The ‘Les 4 Compositions’ correspond to each independent and intellectual objective, and become a concept that can understand his architectural forms and theories.

Recognizable Hexagonal Picture Languages and xyz domino tiles

In the paper Hexagonal Pattern Languages K S Dersanambika et.al. define xyz- domino systems and characterized hexagonal pictures using this. Here we define xyz local hexagonal picture languages where the usual notion of hexagonal tiles of size (2, 2, 2) are replaced by a xyz dominos separately. As a result, the regular hexagonal pictures are replaced and studies are done on non-regular hexagonal pictures. Recognizability of these pictures are studied and every recognizable picture language can be obtained as a projection of xyz local languages.

Review of Load-Independent Constant-Current and Constant-Voltage Topologies for Domino-Type Multiple-Load Inductive Power Relay System

The ability to concurrently power multiple loads has been a new feature for the inductive power transfer (IPT) system in more applications, such as the gate driver powering in the modular multilevel converter. As one of the applicable configurations, the domino-type IPT system cannot only transfer power over a longer distance but also achieves load-independent outputs. This article reviews the existing multiple-load IPT systems and aims to provide a methodology to systematically construct suitable domino-type IPT topologies with multiple load-independent constant-current (CC) or constant-voltage (CV) outputs. There are three innovative contributions. First, three kinds of resonant circuits are summarized to achieve the compensation network, including the series–series, T-type, and Π-type topologies. Second, nine CC and nine CV topologies are proposed, analyzed, and evaluated as candidates for various applications. The optimal CC and CV topologies are identified, and the integrated magnetic coupler designs are provided accordingly. Third, the power transfer capability is investigated, considering the parasitic resistances of passive components. The attenuation of load currents/voltages and the system efficiency relationship with load resistance, coupling coefficient <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> , quality factor <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> , and load number <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> are analyzed, providing the guideline to design the load-independent domino system with high system efficiency. A single-input-four-output domino-type IPT system is implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology. Experimental results have shown consistency with the analysis results, and the efficiency can reach 89.79% when <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> = 0.193, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> = 320, and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> = 4.

르 코르뷔제의 주택 작품에 나타난 건축적 산책 분석

Purpose: Le Corbusier addressed the dom-ino system that was the fabulous structural system in those days and the five principles of architecture such as pilotis, free plan, ribbon window, free facade and roof garden from his position of functionalism. He also suggested ‘The Architectural Promende’ in pursuit of the pure geometrical formation and his own original architectural aesthetics. Methods: This study was conducted in three stages: the first step of theoretical reviews about the meaning of the architectural promenade, and the second step of analysis about two houses - Villa la Loche and Villa Savoye - that the concept of the architectural promenade applied, the third step of comparative analysis about the architectural components applied to two cases in order to achieve the architectural promenade. Results: As a result of this study, the concept of the architectural promenade as one of important principles in his architectural works interconnects spaces by predicting human movements over time from the outside to the inside. It presents a completed static space, inducing the human movements to the intended spaces by natural light.

Toppling dynamics of a mass-varying domino system

This paper studies the toppling dynamics of a mass-varying domino system for which the mass of the domino changes at an exponential rate of its sequence number. By introducing geometrical constraints representing the interactions between the dominoes and the ground, we propose a simplified model which can describe their toppling dynamics as a one-degree-of-freedom structural-varying system. Principles of energy and generalized momentum conservation are used to investigate the free falling and the colliding phases of the system, and our proposed model is validated through a comprehensive numerical study. Furthermore, we develop an impact mapping for studying the evolution of the system by using the mathematical properties of their geometrical constraints and establish the occurrence conditions for solitary wave. According to these conditions, the system can exhibit four different propagation modes: non-solitary mode, uniform solitary mode, accelerating solitary mode and stopped mode. Based on the studies in this paper, we can reveal the dynamic characteristics of domino phenomenon and provide an insight into its energy evolution.

A Study of on the Cantilever–Space though the Dom-Ino system of Le Corbusier ·

A Study of on the Cantilever–Space though the Dom-Ino system of Le Corbusier ·

A Study of on the Cantilever–Space though the Dom-Ino system of Le Corbusier

A Study of on the Cantilever–Space though the Dom-Ino system of Le Corbusier

A Critical Review of Recent Progress in Mid-Range Wireless Power Transfer

Starting from Tesla's principles of wireless power transfer a century ago, this critical review outlines recent magneto-inductive research activities on wireless power transfer with the transmission distance greater than the transmitter coil dimension. It summarizes the operating principles of a range of wireless power research into 1) the maximum power transfer and 2) the maximum energy efficiency principles. The differences and the implications of these two approaches are explained in terms of their energy efficiency and transmission distance capabilities. The differences between the system energy efficiency and the transmission efficiency are also highlighted. The review covers the two-coil systems, the four-coil systems, the systems with relay resonators and the wireless domino-resonator systems. Related issues including human exposure issues and reduction of winding resistance are also addressed. The review suggests that the use of the maximum energy efficiency principle in the two-coil systems is suitable for short-range rather than mid-range applications, the use of the maximum power transfer principle in the four-coil systems is good for maximizing the transmission distance, but is under a restricted system energy efficiency (<;50%); the use of the maximum energy efficiency principle in relay or domino systems may offer a good compromise for good system energy efficiency and transmission distance on the condition that relay resonators can be placed between the power source and the load.

DUAL THRESHOLD VOLTAGE DOMINO ADDER DESIGN WITH PASS TRANSISTOR LOGIC USING STANDBY SWITCH FOR REDUCING SUB-THRESHOLD LEAKAGE CURRENT

Standby switch can strongly turn off all the high threshold voltage transistors, which enhances the effectiveness of a dual threshold voltage CMOS technology to reduce sub-threshold leakage current. Sub-threshold leakage currents are especially important in burst mode type integrated circuits where the system is in an idle mode in the majority of the time. The standby switch allows a domino system to enter and leave a low leakage standby mode within a single clock cycle. In addition, we combine domino dynamic logic with pass transistor XNOR and pass transistor NAND gates to achieve logic 1 output during its precharge phase without affecting circuits operation in its evaluation and standby phase. The required process for dual threshold voltage circuit configuration involves only one additional ion implant step to provide an extra threshold voltage. SPICE simulation for our proposed circuits is made using a 0.18 μm CMOS processes from TSMC, with 10 fF capacitive loads in all output nodes, and parameters for typical process corner at 25°C. Layout is designed, wafer is fabricate and measured. The measurement results of fabricated chips are listed and verify that our designed 8-bit carry look-ahead adders (CLAs) reduced power consumption and propagation delay time by more than 15% and around 20%, respectively, when compared with the prior work.

Pass transistor with dual threshold voltage domino logic design using standby switch for reduced subthreshold leakage current

Dual threshold voltages domino design methodology utilizes low threshold voltages for all transistors that can switch during the evaluate mode and utilizes high threshold voltages for all transistors that can switch during the precharge modes. We employed standby switch can strongly turn off all of the high threshold voltage transistors which enhances the effectiveness of a dual threshold voltage CMOS technology to reduce the subthreshold leakage current. Subthreshold leakage currents are especially important in burst mode type integrated circuits where the majority of the time for system is in an idle mode. The standby switch allowed a domino system enters and leaves a low leakage standby mode within a single clock cycle. In addition, we combined domino dynamic circuits style with pass transistor XNOR and CMOS NAND gates to realize logic 1 output during its precharge phase, but not affects circuits operation in its evaluation and standby phase. The first stage NAND gates output logic 1 can guarantee the second stage computation its correct logic function when system is in a cascaded operation mode. The processing required for dual threshold voltage circuit configuration is to provide an extra threshold voltage involves only an additional implant processing step, but performs lower dynamic power consumption, lower delay and high fan-out, high switching frequencies circuits characteristics. SPICE simulation for our proposed circuits were made using a 0.18µm CMOS process from TSMC, with 10fF capacitive loads in all output nodes, using the parameters for typical process corner at 25°C, the simulation results demonstrated that our designed 8-bit carry look-ahead adders reduced chip area, power consumption and propagation delay time more than 40%, 45% and around 20%, respectively. Wafer based our design were fabricated and measured, the measured data were listed and compared with simulation data and prior works. SPICE simulation also manifested lower sensitivity of our design to power supply, temperature, capacitive load and process variations than the dynamic CMOS technologies.

General Analysis on the Use of Tesla's Resonators in Domino Forms for Wireless Power Transfer

In this paper, we present a brief overview of historical developments of wireless power and an analysis on the use of Tesla's resonators in domino forms for wireless power transfer. Relay resonators are spaced between the transmitter and receiver coils with the objectives of maximizing energy efficiency and increasing the overall transmission distance between the power source and the load. Analytical expressions for the optimal load and maximum efficiency at resonance frequency are derived. These equations are verified with practical measurements obtained from both coaxial and noncoaxial domino resonator systems. To avoid the use of high operating frequency for wireless power transfer in previous related research, the technique presented here can be used at submegahertz operation so as to minimize the power loss in both the power supply and the output stage. We demonstrated both theoretically and practically that unequal spacing for the coaxial straight domino systems has better efficiency performance than the equal-spacing method. Also, the flexibility of using resonators in various domino forms is demonstrated.

Wireless power domino-resonator systems with noncoaxial axes and circular structures

In this paper, a general analysis on wireless power domino-resonator systems with noncoaxial axes is presented. The mathematical formulation established can in principle be used to analyze wireless resonator systems with various domino forms. In this study, it is used to analyze and evaluate wireless domino-resonator systems with circular structures because such structures have more than one main power flow paths and have not been analyzed previously. Based on the superposition method, individual power flow paths are analyzed and then their interactions are emerged and explained with vector diagrams. Unlike the resonator pair used by Tesla, it is demonstrated that optimization of the domino systems can be achieved under “nonresonance frequency” operation and optimal load conditions. The shift of the optimal frequency from the resonance frequency is due to the multiple power flow paths. The theoretical results have been favorably verified with practical measurements obtained from two circular systems.

La inversión del paradigma poché: el desarrollo poché en el sistema Dom-Inó de Le Corbusier

Taking as starting point the essay of British architect and critic Alan Colquhoun, "Displacement and Concepts in Le Corbusier", this article explores the formal investigation carried out by Le Corbusier about the Free Plan of the Modernity. Le Corbusier incorporated in his Dom-ino System certain formal principles from the baroque traditions of Antiquity. Thus, in his houses of the twenties he came up with double sided spaces (concave/convex) and the Poché planning of the Baux-Arts, which apparently contradicted the precepts of Free Plan D. By this way, Le Corbusier reactivated an ancient tradition with a new vibrant meaning. This attitude of mix, blend and integration of opposite concepts turns up in a new dialectic synthesis, showing us a way to understand research around the project of architecture.

Transformações dominoicas: origem, trajetória e atualidade da estrutura típica da arquitetura moderna

This article aims to demonstrate the long path of the typical scheme of modern architecture: the representation of the essential idea of loading and support – expressed in the absolute geometric abstraction of horizontal planes opposed to vertical supports. As an architectural system that includes structural elements and vertical planes of the walls, this veritable diagram has for decades offered solutions in architectural representation and construction issues. The article discusses the critical milestones of the various changes in the Dom-ino system represented by the conflicts between architectural representation and construction, from its origins to the present. From the perspective of continuities and ruptures in shapes, the recent exception architectures occurred in the past decade reveal the constant revision and expansion of the system’s limits, showing its vitality and present relevance.Key words: modern architecture, Dom-ino type structure, open plan.

Recognizability of iso‐picture languages by Wang systems

AbstractIn the context of a syntactic approach to pattern recognition, there have been several studies in the last few decades ontheoretical models for generating or recognizing two‐dimensional objects, pictures, and picture languages. Motivated by these studies, we have introduced a new notion of recognizability for a class of picture languages called iso‐picture languages through iso‐triangular tiling systems (ITS) and studied the properties of these languages [Kalyani et al.,2004]. In [Kalyani et al.,2005], we introduced iso‐triangular domino systems (IDS) to recognize iso‐picture languages, and proved the equivalence of ITS and IDS. In [Kalyani et al.,2006], we have constructed a two‐dimensional online tessellation automaton (IPOTA) to recognize an iso‐picture language and presented an algorithm to learn recognizable iso‐picture languages from positive data and restricted subset queries. In this article, we introduce iso‐triangular Wang systems (IWS) to recognize iso‐picture languages. We prove that the family of iso‐picture languages recognized by iso‐triangular Wang systems ℒ(IWS) coincides with the family of iso‐picture languages recognized by iso‐triangular tiling sytems ℒ(ITS). We show that ℒ(ITS) = ℒ(IDS) as a corollary and obtain that the families of iso‐picture languages ℒ(ITS), ℒ(IDS), ℒ(IWS), and ℒ(IPOTA) all coincide. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 140–145, 2009.

Characterizations of recognizable picture series

The theory of two-dimensional languages as a generalization of formal string languages was motivated by problems arising from image processing and pattern recognition, and also concerns models of parallel computing. Here we investigate power series on pictures. These are functions that map pictures to elements of a semiring and provide an extension of two-dimensional languages to a quantitative setting. We assign weights to different devices, ranging from picture automata to tiling systems. We will prove that, for commutative semirings, the behaviours of weighted picture automata are precisely alphabetic projections of series defined in terms of rational operations, and also coincide with the families of series characterized by weighted tiling or weighted domino systems.

The Undecidability of Iterated Modal Relativization

In dynamic epistemic logic and other fields, it is natural to consider relativization as an operator taking sentences to sentences. When using the ideas and methods of dynamic logic, one would like to iterate operators. This leads to iterated relativization. We are also concerned with the transitive closure operation, due to its connection to common knowledge. We show that for three fragments of the logic of iterated relativization and transitive closure, the satisfiability problems are fi1 Σ11–complete. Two of these fragments do not include transitive closure. We also show that the question of whether a sentence in these fragments has a finite (tree) model is fi0 Σ01–complete. These results go via reduction to problems concerning domino systems.

Detachments and low-angle faults in the northern North Sea rift system

Abstract Several master faults in the North Sea basin tend to flatten to give low dips at depth, and in this sense form detachments in the rift system. Such low angle faults are identified in the western flank of the Viking Graben (Tampen Spur area), where they occur as both intra- and supra-basement detachments. Interference between detachments and steeper faults results in ramp-flat-ramp geometries. In the eastern part of the Gullfaks fault block, a supra-basement detachment is probably associated with anomalously high late Jurassic extension in the Gullfaks Field area. The low-angle Gullfaks detachment also helps explain the presence of sets of parallel east-dipping faults (domino systems), a common feature in the collapsed hanging wall to low-angle detachments. Similar detachments probably exist beneath the Gullfaks Sør block and SE of the Visund fault block. All of these are interpreted as late Jurassic collapse structures directly related to active late Jurassic extensional tectonics. Strong indications of intra-basement detachments are also found in the Tampen Spur area. These detachments are formed by major normal faults that flatten in the basement, as seen beneath the Visund fault block. This geometry may to some extent be related to fault rotation during repeated phases of extension in the Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic period. However, abrupt flattening of some of the faults in the basement indicates that the master faults follow some of the many pre-existing mechanically weak zones in the basement, primarily low-angle Devonian extensional shear zones or Caledonian thrusts.