Doi Theory Research Articles

Diffusion of Innovation Theory: An Effective Approach to Accelerate Adoption of Information and Communication Technology in Twenty-First Century Knowledge Society

Purpose: The rapid technological advancement worldwide has precipitated the adoption of innovations by social systems to be abreast of development worldwide. The adoption of Information and Communication Technology in the twenty-first-century knowledge society has the potential to open the members of the social system to a limitless wealth of knowledge that would aid rapid human capital and infrastructural development. However, there seem to be issues that tend to determine the pace of adoption of such innovations. This paper examined the Diffusion of Innovation (DoI) theory, its four main determinants; communication channels, attributes of the innovation, the characteristics of the adopters and the social system. Knowledge society and its characteristics, as well as the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by the twenty-first-century knowledge society in relationship with the DoI theory approach from empirical studies, were highlighted. Design/Methodology & Approach: The methodology adopted was a contextual analysis that involved the review of materials ranging from publications, textbooks, and the relevant internet sources.Implication: The successful and accelerated adoption of an innovation in a social system(21st Century Knowledge Society) require the thorough application of the determinants of diffusion of innovation in the DOI theory without which the adoption of an innovation may not be feasible in any social system.

The Role of Web Design, E-WOM and City Branding on Re-Visit Behaviour

The increasing number of Internet users, especially in Indonesia, the parties who make strategic decisions in the domain of Tourism should focus their attention toward the testimony and the information that have been circulating around the social media, especially with regards to the domain of Tourism. By paying attention to the above factors, through the conduct of the study the researcher would like to focus on the influence of Web Design, E-WOM and City Branding on the Re-Visit Behaviour to a tourism destination. In conducting the study, the researcher adopted the TPB (Theory of Planned Behaviour) that serves as the basis in identifying the factors that influence the tourist to visit a tourism destination. In the same time, the researcher will also adopt the TRA (Theory of Reaction Action), which later associated to the underlying theory in confirming the factors that influence the tourist’s decision to visit a tourism destination. Moreover, in analysing the respondents’ characteristics within the study, the researcher had run by the SPSS software. This research used SEM PLS in analyzing the data. The research distributed questionnaires to the tourists who used to visit a tourism destination located in the Regency of Pandeglang, Indonesia. Finally, his research found that web design, e- wom and city branding have positive and significant impact on visit decision Keywords: Web Design, E-WOM, City Branding, Visit Decision, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Theory of Reaction Action DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-6-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Exceptions of diffusion of innovation theory during COVID-19 pandemic and health policy implications - A viewpoint

Diffusion of Innovation expedites the health promotion through enhancement in behaviour changes. If the natural course is uninterrupted the DOI theory follows the normal curve but if dissemination component is supplemented with this, it can bring about change in the normal curve with faster adoption rate by the society. This new way of adoption will not only benefit the adopters but guide public health experts, policy makers and implementers amidst pandemic crises like COVID-19. Thus, the theory of dissemination should be clubbed with DOI theory for formulating any health policy for any country.

Consumer acceptance toward takaful in Pakistan

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the factors influencing customer adoption toward takaful products in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe study used five attributes of diffusion innovation theory (DOI), namely, relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, observability and complexity. Furthermore, the authors introduced two additional constructs, namely, consumer awareness and religiosity to analyze the adoption behavior of customers. A total of 365 questionnaires were distributed among the participants of the study. The survey was conducted in the Karachi city where the respondents were the existing and potential users of takaful products. The theoretical model of DOI theory was tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe findings report that complexity has a negative impact on the adoption of takaful, whereas relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, observability, religiosity and consumer awareness shows a positive and significant influence.Originality/valueIt is a noteworthy point that past literature is quite limited to investigate the determinants of consumer intentions to adopt takaful products. Based on this argument, the authors build the study to provide a scope and coverage in the field of Islamic insurance. The authors also expect that the research will encourage and provide a venue for forthcoming studies to help policy makers and academicians in this emerging business.

Exploring how the Attributes of Technology Affect Adoption in Teaching Mathematics in a Higher Education Institution in South Africa

The use of technology in teaching mathematics in higher education has received much attention in education research lately. Using Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation theory (DOI) as a framework, this study sought to explore how the attributes of technology affect its adoption by mathematics teachers of a bridging course at an institution of higher learning. A qualitative research methodology was used to obtain detailed descriptions and narratives from the five mathematics teachers who participated in the study, to ascertain how, if at all, they adopted technology in their teaching in higher education. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews so that the teachers’ unique answers could be captured. ATLAS.ti software was used to analyse the data deductively. The results showed that some teachers were of the view that technology was disruptive, and that it exposed students to the wrong problem-solving methods during the teaching and learning of mathematics in higher education. The traditional ‘pen and paper’ method is seen not only as being essential, but also as critical in the instruction of students. The findings of this study also show the importance of the DOI theory in explaining reasons for the adoption of technology by mathematics teachers in higher education.

Cloud Computing Adoption in Government Agency

As accessibility to government online services is critical, MAMPU has outlined strategic directions for the implementation of Public Sector ICT. This included cloud computing adoption which aims to optimize service delivery but is progressing slowly due to resource-sharing and standardization issues. This calls for the need to assess contributing factors of technology acceptance within a public sector. Employing Malaysia NRD as a case study, we aim to identify factors of cloud adoption and determine how NRD could strategize Cloud Computing adoption. Using the DOI and TOE theories, we assessed cloud computing adoption in terms of ¬Technology Characteristics, Organisational Readiness, and External Environment through a case study. It was found that that all constructs are significant to cloud adoption with security and service quality being the highest concern. Moreover, several elements such as compatibility, readiness and more need to be in place to enhance the impact of cloud computing adoption.

Numerical Simulation of Liquid Crystal Flow Induced by Annihilation of a Pair of Defects

We investigate the flow induced by annihilation of a pair of defects in liquid crystals using the Doi theory with the Marrucci-Greco potential, in which the orientation state is described with the orientational distribution function. We have numerically studied both the transient behaviors of two defects with different structures and their velocity field, and estimated the magnitude of the induced velocity. A defect with positive strength moves faster than one with negative strength. The long-range order of the molecular orientation field has a large effect on the annihilation time, and the annihilation time is reduced by increasing the long-range order. We find that flows are induced during the annihilation of a pair of defects and that several vortices are generated in the vicinity of the defects. The maximum velocity is predicted to develop spatially between the two defects just after their annihilation in time. In our simulation, the maximum induced velocity reaches an order of 10 μm/s. The induced velocity increases with increasing long range-order and nematic potential strength.

Fingerprinting Molecular Relaxation in Deformed Polymers

The flow and deformation of macromolecules is ubiquitous in nature and industry, and an understanding of this phenomenon at both macroscopic and microscopic length scales is of fundamental and practical importance. Here, we present the formulation of a general mathematical framework, which could be used to extract, from scattering experiments, the molecular relaxation of deformed polymers. By combining and modestly extending several key conceptual ingredients in the literature, we show how the anisotropic single-chain structure factor can be decomposed by spherical harmonics and experimentally reconstructed from its cross sections on the scattering planes. The resulting wave-number-dependent expansion coefficients constitute a characteristic fingerprint of the macromolecular deformation, permitting detailed examinations of polymer dynamics at the microscopic level. We apply this approach to survey a long-standing problem in polymer physics regarding the molecular relaxation in entangled polymers after a large step deformation. The classical tube theory of Doi and Edwards predicts a fast chain retraction process immediately after the deformation, followed by a slow orientation relaxation through the reptation mechanism. This chain retraction hypothesis, which is the keystone of the tube theory for macromolecular flow and deformation, is critically examined by analyzing the fine features of the two-dimensional anisotropic spectra from small-angle neutron scattering by entangled polystyrenes. We show that the unique scattering patterns associated with the chain retraction mechanism are not experimentally observed. This result calls for a fundamental revision of the current theoretical picture for nonlinear rheological behavior of entangled polymeric liquids.Received 23 March 2017DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.031003Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasPolymer conformation changesPolymer entanglementRheologyPhysical SystemsPolymer meltsTechniquesRheology techniquesSmall angle neutron scatteringTube theoriesPolymers & Soft MatterNonlinear DynamicsFluid Dynamics

Public relations and social businesses: The importance of enhancing engagement

Public relations is usually practiced within three clearly defined organizational settings: the public or governmental sector, the private or business sector and the social nonprofit sector. Over the past few decades, the boundaries between the three sectors have blurred, and new types of organizations and initiatives that combine environmental aims with business approaches have emerged. These new organizations and initiatives create a challenge for public relations practitioners: practitioners need to raise awareness among various publics to a new type of organization that combines both societal and business-like characteristics, and they need to promote dialogue and engagement with these publics.This study focuses on social businesses—that is, self-sustainable businesses that address social goals (Yunus, 2007). Based on a representative sample of 202 respondents, this study utilizes the Diffusion of Innovations theory (DOI) (Rogers, 1962) to argue for the importance of engagement to a successful process of diffusion and to demonstrate how DOI theory might enrich public relations theory and practice.

The six P’s of the next step in electronic patient records in the Netherlands

The objective of this study was to evaluate a decade of Electronic Patient Record development. During the study a second question was added: How to take the next step in the Netherlands? This paper describes the developments but the main results create a framework for the future situation. The USE IT method was used, which is derived from DOI and TAM theory but applies it in a qualitative way. The results show six P’s that have to be covered to introduce a nation-wide EPR. The first three handle the end users of the EPR: Patients, Professionals and the Public. The latter three show the action types of a nation-wide EPR, namely: Purpose, Process and Prerequisites. In conclusion, the combination of these six P’s show that the main purpose for a patient is the quality of health, that the process of the professional has to be smoothed and that the data quality has to be guaranteed as well as privacy.

ICT Use: Educational Technology and Library and Information Science Students' Perspectives – An Exploratory Studyew Article

This study seeks to explore what factors influence students’ ICT use and web technology competence. The objectives of this study are the following: (a) To what extent do certain elements of Rogers’ (2003) Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DOI) explain students’ ICT use, (b) To what extent do personality characteristics derived from the Big Five approach explain students’ ICT use, and (c) To what extent does motivation explain students’ ICT use. The research was conducted in Israel during the second semester of the academic year 2013-14, and included two groups of participants: a group of Educational Technology students (ET) and a group of Library and Information Science students (LIS). Findings add another dimension to the importance of Rogers’ DOI theory in the fields of Educational Technology and Library and Information Science. Further, findings confirm that personality characteristics as well as motivation affect ICT use. If instructors would like to enhance students’ ICT use, they should be aware of individual differences between students, and they should present to students the advantages and usefulness of ICT, thus increasing their motivation to use ICT, in the hopes that they will become innovators or early adopters.

Malay

This article analyzes the view of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, who is a contemporary Islamic scholar in the field of exegesis of the Quran. According to Abu Zayd reunderstanding of the Quran’s interpretation is important because the traditional method of interpretation is rigid and literal. It does not meet the primary purpose of the revealation of the Quran, that is to give guidance to mankind. Traditional method is also not appropriate to interpret the Quran according to the social situation of Muslims today. To achieve this goal, the study examines the position of the Quran according to Abu Zayd, method of exegesis and application of the theory of interpretation according to him. This study is a library research by applying document analysis method. His view on the concept of interpreting the verses of the Quran is similar to the method which has been applied by Western scholars in Biblical interpretation system. keywords: Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd; Quranic exegesis; method of hermeneutics; exegesis; theory of dalalah DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2014-3602-04

Instabilities and chaos in a kinetic equation for active nematics

We study dry active nematics at the kinetic equation level, stressing the differences with the well-known Doi theory for non-active rods near thermal equilibrium. By deriving hydrodynamic equations from the kinetic equation, we show analytically that these two description levels share the same qualitative phase diagram, as defined by the linear instability limits of spatially-homogeneous solutions. In particular, we show that the ordered, homogeneous state is unstable in a region bordering the linear onset of nematic order, and is only linearly stable deeper in the ordered phase. Direct simulations of the kinetic equation reveal that its solutions are chaotic in the region of linear instability of the ordered homogeneous state. The local mechanisms for this large-scale chaos are discussed.

Effect of magnetic field on discotic nematic liquid crystalline polymers under simple shear flow

AbstractThe effect of magnetic field on the discotic nematic liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) is analyzed with the extended Doi theory, in which the molecular shape parameter (β) is defined at −1.0. The evolution equation for the probability function of the discotic nematic LCP molecules is solved without any closure approximations. The transition among flow‐orientation modes, such as tumbling, wagging, and aligning defined similar to the rodlike LCPs, is strongly affected by the magnetic fields. The new aligning flow‐orientation mode observed for the rodlike LCPs under magnetic fields also can be investigated in the lower shear rate region. On the other hand, the effect of magnetic fields parallel to the x‐ and y‐axis on the time‐averaged first and second normal stress differences ( $\bar N_1^*$, $\bar N_2^*$) are also studied. It can be seen that the shear rate regions of the sign changes of $\bar N_1^*$, $\bar N_2^*$ are completely contrary to those conclusions achieved for the rodlike LCPs. In addition, the absolute values of $\bar \eta ^*$ increase with the magnetic field strength in the lower shear rate range owing to the new aligning flow‐orientation mode. Finally, the flow‐phase diagram versus β is also discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

The Good, the Bad, and the Missing of the “Diffusion of Innovations” Theory

A single-case study examined the complex issues in the deployment of new financial management information systems by a large public-sector university. Reflecting certain strengths (the good), weaknesses (the bad), and gaps (the missing) of the Diffusion of Innovations theory, this essay clarifies the theory in the context of Innovation and Change. The simple chain of reasoning gives structure to the data and slightly elevates the evidence gathered into episteme. The discussion presents the concepts, applies theory to context, and articulates the concept that cannot hold. Yet the DOI theory interpreted in the context is still at risk, unless the big picture of change is clear. Accordingly, the reflection suggests prospective research strategies for further development of the domain.

Simulation of Nematic Liquid Crystalline Polymer for Out-of-Plane Case

The effect of magnetic fields on the molecular configuration of liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) under simple shear flows is numerically simulated using the Doi theory when the initial state of the director is out-of-plane. A method of effectively enhance the order parameter is discussed in this paper. The simulation results show that the degree of molecular alignment can be greatly increased along the direction of the magnetic field. It is an efficient way to improve the performance of LCP materials.

Erratum to: Derivation of the “switch function” in the Mead–Larson–Doi theory

Erratum to: Derivation of the “switch function” in the Mead–Larson–Doi theory

Derivation of the “switch function” in the Mead–Larson–Doi theory

The “switch function” is rigorously derived from first principles and is shown to be a fundamental and essential feature of any constraint release model for Doi–Edwards-type molecular models that invoke the concept of a discrete slip-link tube with separate descriptions of orientation and stretch. The switch function self-consistently apportions the fraction of Kuhn bond orientation relaxation attributed to tube stretch and orientation such that the same net fraction of Kuhn bond orientational relaxation per constraint release event occurs independent of the level of tube stretch, provided the chain obeys Gaussian statistics. The switch function is derived for the particular case of the Mead–Larson–Doi (MLD) model, with constraint release-driven tube shortening quantified by \(\frac{1}{2}(\lambda -1)\). The MLD switch function is generalized to account for arbitrary non-Gaussian, levels of finite tube stretch. The MLD model tube-shortening process is also impacted by non-Gaussian, finite extensibility, effects and is generalized utilizing a second-moment Kuhn–Grun analysis. It is shown by performing a fourth-moment analysis of the Kuhn bond orientation that the same switch function derived by analyzing the second moment also applies to the fourth moment in the small stretch Gaussian limit.

Constitutive modeling of complex interfaces based on a differential interfacial energy function

An important theory on the dynamics of complex interfaces is the Doi and Ohta theory where the interfacial contribution to the Cauchy stress tensor is determined from an interfacial conformation tensor. For a uniform deformation field in the Eulerian framework, Doi and Ohta adopted a decoupling approximation to reduce a fourth-order tensor into two second-order tensors and derived a differential equation governing the evolution of the interfacial conformation tensor. In this paper, a different formulation is presented for establishing the Cauchy stress tensor based on a path-independent interfacial energy function. By differentiating this interfacial energy function against a Lagrangian strain tensor, a nearly closed-form solution for the stress tensor was determined, involving only elementary algebraic and matrix operations. From this process, the stress-conformation relation proposed by Doi and Ohta is also confirmed from a thermodynamic perspective. The testing cases with uniaxial elongation and simple shear further showed improved fitting to the analytical or exact solutions.

Effect of Magnetic Field on Shear Stress of Disklike Nematic Liquid Crystalline Polymer

The effect of magnetic field on shear stress of disklike nematic liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) is analyzed with the extended Doi theory in which the molecular shape parameter is defined at negative one. The evolution equation for the probability function of the LCP molecules is solved without any closure approximations. It can be seen that the shear rate regions of the sign changes of the time-averaged first normal stress differences are completely contrary with those conclusions achieved for the rodlike LCPs.