Dois Irmaos Research Articles

Sabicea cinerea Aubl. (Rubiaceae): distilia e polinização em um fragmento de floresta Atlântica em Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil

O estudo foi desenvolvido no Parque Estadual de Dois Irmaos, um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica, em Recife - PE, no periodo de maio/1998 a dezembro/2000. Sabicea cinerea e uma especie lianescente encontrada na borda da mata, que produz flores por todo ano, com pico de floracao na estacao seca (setembro a fevereiro). Apresenta flores distilicas, actinomorfas, tubulosas, com petalas brancas e antese iniciando por volta das 5:00 h, quando o nectar ja esta disponivel; a producao de nectar estende-se ate as 16:00 h. O volume medio diario de nectar foi de 8,0 µL e a concentracao media de acucares, de 24%, em ambos os morfos florais. As flores brevistilas possuem a corola e os graos de polen maiores em relacao as flores longistilas, nao havendo, entretanto, diferencas na quantidade dos graos produzidos entre os dois morfos. Como visitantes florais, foram observados Phaethornis ruber, um dos principais polinizadores, e Amazilia sp., um pilhador. Alem desses beija-flores, varias especies de abelhas Apidae, Anthophoridae e Halictidae, borboletas Hesperiidae e Nymphalidae e moscas Syrphidae, visitavam as flores. A auto-incompatibilidade foi constatada atraves dos testes de polinizacao controlada, que resultaram na formacao de frutos apenas nos cruzamentos intermorfo. A analise do crescimento dos tubos polinicos confirmou a ocorrencia da auto-incompatibilidade esporofitica. A eficiencia no transporte de polen entre os morfos florais e a principal e mais importante funcao desempenhada pelos polinizadores para que ocorra a manutencao dos agrupamentos de individuos de S. cinerea, principalmente por esta especie apresentar um sistema reprodutivo do tipo xenogamo obrigatorio.

Milton Hatoum e o regionalismo revisitado

This article analyzes the two novels of the Amazonian writer Milton Hatoum—Relato de um certo Oriente (1989) and Dois irmaos (2000)—as both revisiting and revitalizing regionalism—a classic stream of Brazilian fiction—while adding innovative nuances to it. Taking advantage of contributions belonging to classical urban literary matrices, both modern and contemporary, already incorporated into Brazilian fiction, Hatoum re-examines their regional contents, composing a hybrid tissue that keeps alive all of its sources and that in turn passes on the inheritance received from them. In this way, he rescues the specific identity of the tradition and prevents its transformation into a multicultural text.

Seed Dispersal and Demography of Pioneer Trees: The Case of Hortia arborea

Abstract: This study investigates the relationships among seed dispersal, patterns of seedling recruitment and the spatial distribution of a pioneer tree (Hortia arborea, Rutaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The study was carried out at Dois Irmãos Reserve, a 387.4 ha reserve in northeastern Brazil. Fruit shadow concentrated beneath parental trees (74.6 % < 6 m distant) and fruit removal averaged 5.6 % (0 ‐ 25.5 %). Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Rodentia) ate fruits in the forest and in captivity and were the only vertebrates recorded feeding on Hortia fruits. Agoutis, however, destroyed 86.7 % of the seeds they ingested. In addition, only one seed from an expected number of 1980 germinated in a treefall gap after it passed through the digestive tract of agoutis. Both seed germination and seedling recruitment were restricted to gaps, and occurred among seeds manually released from the pulp or among those from fruits that naturally rotted in gaps. Moreover, exposed seedlings were taller than those covered by plants in a gap. H. arborea appears to self‐maintain populations in the same patches of forest, which are delimited by a pool of old and newly created gaps. More specifically, there is successful recruitment in patches occupied by parents, resulting in dense clumps of H. arborea.

Biologia floral e sistema de polinização de Solanum stramonifolium Jacq. (Solanaceae) em remanescente de Mata Atlântica, Pernambuco

A deiscência de anteras através de pequenos poros apicais é uma característica encontrada em várias espécies da família Solanaceae, especialmente no gênero Solanum, característica esta que restringe a polinização a um grupo de abelhas fêmeas capazes de vibrar as anteras para retirada do pólen. A fenologia, biologia floral e a polinização de Solanum stramonifolium foram estudadas entre os meses de agosto/1999 a dezembro/2000 em populações naturais ocorrentes no Parque Estadual de Dois Irmãos, um dos poucos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica localizada em Recife, Pernambuco (8°7'30"S e 34°52'30"W). Solanum stramonifolium é um arbusto com flores dispostas em inflorescências racemosas, apresentando corola branca e cinco estames de um amarelo intenso, com anteras poricidas dispostas ao redor do gineceu. A antese ocorre nas primeiras horas do dia, havendo reflexão de luz ultravioleta e presença de áreas de concentração de emissão de odor por toda a corola e na região apical das anteras. Solanum stramonifolium tem padrão de floração contínuo e apresenta flores hermafroditas (62%) e funcionalmente masculinas (38%), o que caracteriza a espécie como andromonóica.Treze espécies de abelhas foram observadas visitando as flores de S. stramonifolium (nove polinizadores e quatro pilhadores). A constante e grande produção de flores faz com que Solamun stramonifolium mantenha sua guilda de polinizadores e garanta assim a sua reprodução, sendo, ao mesmo tempo, uma importante fonte de recursos para a manutenção destas abelhas.

Low prevalence of hepatitis B and C markers in non-amazonian indigenous population.

In Brazil, there is a high prevalence of markers ofinfection with the hepatitis B virus among groups livingin the Western Amazon. Neighboring countries andindigenous peoples should also be included in thatcontext [1-6].There are virtually no data available on theprevalence of viral hepatitis markers among indigenousgroups living outside the Amazon region or aboutparenterally transmitted hepatitis.Figueiredo et al. [7] reported the prevalence of HBVand HCV markers among the native Xacriaba peopleliving in the northern part of the State of Minas Gerais;they found 0.5%, 2.9%, 62.5, and 0.5% for HBsAg,anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV, respectively. Thisgroup is just as acculturated as the Terena and has along history of contact with modern Brazilian society.To assess this situation, a sero-epidemiological studywas conducted in August 1999, involving 312Amerindians from the Buriti, Corrego do Meio andAgua Azul reservations, located in the municipalities ofSidrolândia and Dois Irmaos do Buriti, 100km fromCampo Grande, the state capital of Mato Grosso doSul (Brazil). The samples were randomly selected, andfamily groups were included.This study included all age groups, from childrenunder 1 year to individuals older than 65. Each agegroup was stratified according to gender (Table 1).The material was collected, centrifuged, andseparated into varying aliquots. Tests for anti-HBc, antiHBs and anti-HCV markers were conducted at theOswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-RJ) National ViralHepatitis Center. There were small differences in thenumber of tests for each marker due to limitations inthe quantity of material.None of the samples were positive for HBsAg oranti-HCV. Anti-HBc gave positive results in 2.2% ofthe samples and anti-HBs in 13.6%. The highpercentage found for anti-HBs positivity could be aresult of immunity that was artificially acquired throughvaccination.We found very low positivity rates for the abovemarkers in this population. There are discrepanciesbetween our data and findings previously reported forthe same region. Aguiar et al. [8] found prevalencerates of 0.7%, 9.4% and 2.5% for HBsAg, anti-HBcand anti-HCV, respectively among first-time donors inCampo Grande. In a study of people of African descentliving 65 km from Campo Grande and 40 km from themunicipality of Jaraguari (Mato Grosso do Sul), Castro[9] found rates of 9% and 43% for HBsAg and anti-HBc, respectively.These variations in prevalence need to be betterexplained; it may be necessary to use an approachinvolving other components. Authors such as Brabinet al. [10], Passos et al. [11], and Coimbra et al. [12]have suggested that other variables can influence HBVprevalence rates, which would mean that a simpleepidemiological model of this disease is not realistic.It is sometimes necessary to take into accountpecularities of certain population groups in whichdifferent values, norms and cultural standards may beinvolved in health/illness processes [13].

Táxons de Mucor Fresen. (Zygomycota) em fezes de herbívoros, Recife, PE, Brasil

To contribute to the knowledge of Mucorales (Zygomycota) in the northeastern of Brazil (Recife - Pernambuco State), a total of 120 samples of herbivorous dung have been collected monthly from June 1997 to May 1998. The dung was produced by the following animals: Bison bonasus H. Smith, Bos indicus L., Bubalus bubalis H. Smith, Capra hircus L., Oryctolagus cuniculus Lilljeborg, Dasyprocta fuliginosa Wagler, Taurotragus oryx Wagner, Equus caballus L., Ovis aries L. and Mazama gouazoubira Fischer, which were mantained captive in the Parque Dois Irmaos and in the Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. The samples were mantained in wet chambers at room temperature and observed during 15 days. The isolates were inoculated into Petri dishes containing Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and/or Synthetic Mucor Agar (SMA). Twelve taxa were identified, 11 already known and a new form, as follows: Mucor circinelloides f. circinelloides, M. circinelloides f. griseo-cyanus, M. circinelloides f. janssenii, M. circinelloides f. lusitanicus, M. hiemalis f. hiemalis, M. hiemalis f. luteus, M. genevensis, M. piriformis f. piriformis, M. piriformis f. nanus, M. racemosus f. chibinensis, M. subtilissimus and M. variosporus. Except for the Bubalus bubalis dung, all presented taxa of Mucor, with higher diversity in those of Bison bonasus, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Dasyprocta fuliginosa and Mazama gouazoubira. The highest index of similarity (75%) on taxa of Mucorales occurred between Dasyprocta fuliginosa and Ovis aries, as well as, between Capra hircus and Oryctolagus cuniculus dung. Descriptions, comments, illustrations and keys for the identified taxa have been included.

Parásitos gastrointestinales de aves silvestres en cautiverio en el estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

The aim of this study was to identify the parasites of 685 captive wild birds from Criatorio Cientifico e Cultural Chaparral (n= 559) and Parque Dois Irmaos (n=126), located in Recife city, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The pool of fresh faecal samples were analyzed by the direct , spontaneous sedimentation and flotation techniques. Among the 685 birds 320 (46.7%) showed positive results for helminths and/or protozoa, among these 271 (48.5%) came from Criatorio Cientifico e Cultural Chaparral and 49 (38.9%) from Parque Dois Irmaos. Capillaria sp was the most prevalent parasite. We also observed the presence of Ascaridia sp, Strongyloides sp, Heterakis sp, Strongyloidea, Spiruroidea, Treematoda and Cestoda eggs; Balantidium coli, Entamoeba coli and E. histolytica cysts, and Coccidia oocysts. Spontaneus sedimentation technique was the most efficient detecting gastrointestinal parasites ova, cysts and oocyts in faeces of captive wild birds. This is the first record of gastrointestinal parasites in captive wild birds in Pernambuco State Brazil.

Comportamento e composição de um grupo de Callithrix jacchus Erxleben (Primates, Callitrichidae) na mata de Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil

The objective of this study was to determine the size and composition of a group of wild Callithrix jacchus Erxleben, 1777, a small neotropical primate from the North East Brazil. The study was carried out in Dois Irmaos Forest, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, in an area of 6ha where this social group of marmosets had its home range. A graded transects system was cut to provide the access and moving during the observation period. To provide an individual identification for the members of the marmosets group and to achieve the objective of this study, two captures were made, with a six month interval between them in a 50x50m2 area at the nuclear range of the group's area. The animals were realeased after a maximum period of 24h after traping. We made, during the whole study period, direct observations of the social group which wasn't limited only to count and identification of the marmosets, but expanded in consideration on the ecology and behavior of the Callithrix jacchus group. The results show us that the size and composition of the study group was similar to others descriptions for the Callitrichidae. The group composition suffered a 30% turnover in a six month interval, and the adults particulary, had a big frequency of change. One pair of infants was seen in December 1986 - in the middle of the dry season - and another infant appeared in the study group in 1987, just after the end of the wet season. Some dietary items were fruits, leaf buds and also exudate from the trunks and branchs of some tree's species. Intergroup agonistic interactions were recorded during February 1987.

Aspectos da ecologia e da reprodução de Leptinaria unilamellata (Orbigny, 1835) (Gastropoda, Subulinidae)

Leptinaria unilamellata is a species of veterinary importance, being cited here in Pernambuco for the first time. Accounts of both environment and reproduction are made. Ecological observations in a population of Dois Irmaos, Recife, Pernambuco, show predominance in relation to the sympatric snail: Bulimulus tenuissimus, Subulina octona and Sarasinula sp., and showed exceptional ability to adapt to environmental conditions. From August 1982 to November 1983 a total of 1.169 specimens were collected and classified into 8 class sizes. The average occurences in each month indicate that the population is in a state of reproductive equilibrium. Sexual maturity begins at a body length of 6.1 - 7.0 mm, when the specimens (still at half their final lenght) already manifest embryos in the uterus, numbering 1 to 8.