Polyoxyethylene Dodecyl Ether Research Articles

Selective elimination of tumorigenic hepatic stem cells using hybrid liposomes

To avoid the risk of tumorigenesis after cell transplantation, tumorigenic stem cells should be selectively eliminated from induced pluripotent cells, embryonic stem cells, and somatic stem cells. We previously reported the presence of tumorigenic stem cells in human fetal hepatocyte-induced hepatoblasts after sodium butyrate (SB) treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the selective elimination of tumorigenic stem cells in human hepatoblasts using hybrid liposomes (HLs) prepared by sonicating a mixture of 90mol% l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and 10mol% polyoxyethylene (n) dodecyl ether (C12 (EO)n, n= 23) in a buffer solution. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the number of hepatoblasts increased by around 12-18 times in SB-treated cells compared to non-treated cells. In the colony formation assay, colonies of tumorigenic stem cells were observed in a soft agar plate after SB treatment. HL treatment for 48h resulted in a remarkable decrease in the number of colonies. HLs also induced apoptosis of tumorigenic stem cells by activating caspase-3. Flow cytometry showed a significant accumulation of HLs, including fluorescent lipids, in tumorigenic hepatic stem cells. The reappearance of tumorigenic stem cells was suppressed even in subsequent subcultures of HL-treated cells. High CYP3A4 activity was observed in a three-dimensional invitro assay. These results suggest that HL treatment could specifically eliminate tumorigenic hepatic stem cells. Incubation with HLs can be an effective culture method to maintain the quality of stem cells and reduce the risk of tumorigenesis after cell transplantation.

A Green Approach of Leaching Trace Metals From Petroleum Source Rock

The extraction of trace metals (manganese, nickel, vanadium and molybdenum) from petroleum source rock using nonionic surfactant solutions with the assistance of oven heat was investigated. The results revealed that time, temperature and pH have significant influence on the extraction yields of the trace metals. The effect of sample/solvent ratio was significant for extraction of some trace metals. The optimum extraction temperature using both polyoxyethylene(23)dodecyl ether (Brij 35) and polyoxyethylene(10)dodecyl ether C12E10) solutions as extracting solvents was 150°C except nickel that had highest yield at 90°C when C12E10 solution was used. For both Brij 35 and C12E10, most of the trace metals had highest yields at 3 hr. The yields of the trace metals were more significant in acidic medium. The yields of the trace metals were significantly higher using Brij 35 than C12E10. Validation of the new oven-assisted nonionic surfactant extraction (OANSE) method using SGR-1b standard reference material revealed excellent recoveries for the trace metals except vanadium that had an average recovery, which indicates that the new method is very efficient for leaching of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo) from petroleum source rock while the recovery of vanadium can be improved in acidic medium. This study revealed that OANSE is efficient and readily available green analytical protocol for the determination of trace metals in source rock.

Novel Therapy with Hybrid Liposomes for Orthotopic Graft Mouse Models of Glioblastoma

Hybrid Liposomes (HL25) composed of 90 mol% L-a-Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 10 mol% polyoxyethylene(25) dodecyl ethers (C12(EO)25) were found to fuse and accumulate in the cell membranes of human brain tumor, glioblastoma, (U-87MG) cells and inhibit their growth. HL25 induced apoptosis in U-87MG cells via the release of AIF under a caspase-independent pathway. HL25 inhibited tumor enlargement in orthotopic graft mouse models of glioblastoma after crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Inhibitory Effect of Hybrid Liposomes on the Growth of NP2 Glioma Cells

The inhibitory activity of hybrid liposomes (HLs), composed of 90 mol% L-α-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 10 mol% polyoxyethylene (25) dodecyl ether (C12(EO)25), was investigated in human glioma NP2 cells. HLs with a hydrodynamic diameter below 100 nm persisted for 4 weeks. The inhibitory effect of HLs on the proliferation of NP2 cells was evaluated. Induction of apoptosis in NP2 cells treated with HL was measured through a PI assay and the TUNEL method. HLs caused apoptosis in NP2 cells through the mitochondrial pathway. An increase of AIF protein expression was observed in HL-treated cells. Cellular membrane fluidity of NP2 cells was also increased as revealed by the fluorescence depolarization method. Enhanced HL accumulation in the membrane of NP2 cells was observed.

Therapeutic effects and anti-metastasis effects of cationic liposomes against pancreatic cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo

The anti-metastatic effects of cationic liposomes (CL) composed of 87 mol% dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 8 mol% O,O′-ditetradecanoyl-N-(α–trimethylammonioacetyl) diethanolamine chloride (2C14ECl) and 5 mol% polyoxyethylene(21) dodecyl ether (C12(EO)21) was investigated for human pancreatic cancer (BxPC-3) cells. The inhibitory effect of CL on the migration of BxPC-3 cells was observed based on a wound scratch assay. CL suppressed pseudopodium formation of BxPC-3 cells. The anti-invasive effect of CL against BxPC-3 cells was observed via a Matrigel invasion assay. The anti-invasive effect of CL for BxPC-3 cells was found to occur through the inhibition of MMP2, MMP9, and MMP14. Overall, the results of this study revealed for the first time, the therapeutic effects and anti-metastasis activity of CL in xenograft mouse models for peritoneal metastasis of human pancreatic cancer.

Inhibitory effect of hybrid liposomes on the growth of liver cancer stem cells

PurposeCancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, are involved in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Hybrid liposomes (HLs) are nano-sized liposomal particles that can be easily prepared by ultrasonicating a mixture of vesicular and micellar molecules in buffer solutions. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of HL on the growth of CSC subpopulations in liver cancer cells (HepG2) in vitro. MethodsHLs composed of 90 mol% L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and 10 mol% polyoxyethylene(23) dodecyl ether were prepared by sonication. Cell viability was determined by the trypan blue exclusion assay. In liver cancer cells, CSCs were identified by the presence of the cell surface marker proteins CD133 and EpCAM by flow cytometry. A soft agar colony formation assay was performed using HepG2 cells pretreated with HLs. ResultsHLs selectively inhibited liver cancer cell growth without affecting normal hepatocytes. Additionally, HLs induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells by a"ctivating caspase-3. Notably, the CD133(+)/EpCAM(+) CSC sub-population of liver cancer cells treated with HLs was reduced. Furthermore, HLs markedly decreased the number of colony-forming cells. Finally, we confirmed the fusion and accumulation of HLs into the cell membranes of CSCs using a fluorescently labeled lipid (NBDPC). Significant accumulation of HL/NBDPC into the CSCs (particularly EpCAM(+) cells) occurred in a dose-dependent manner. ConclusionThese results suggest that HLs are a novel nanomedical therapeutic agent for targeting CSCs in liver cancer therapy.

Apoptotic and Anti-invasive Effects of Hybrid Liposomes without Drugs against Human Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro

Hybrid Liposomes (HL) composed of 90 mol% L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 10 mol% polyoxyethylene (25) dodecyl ether (C12(EO)25) was examined to study the stimulation of apoptosis and antiinvasive actions against in vitro cultured human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. The results obtained from the study reveals that HL suppressed the growth of MCF-7 cells without any drugs. Apoptosis for MCF-7 cells after subjecting them to HL treatment was noticed. To study the non-invasive actions of HL on the drifting of MCF-7 cells, we exercised Wound scratch assay. Non-invasive effects of HL on the migration of MCF-7 cells were obtained on the basis of wound scratch assay. HL suppressed the pseudopodium formation of MCF-7 cells. The study to determine the non-invasive effects of HL against MCF-7 cells were done by matrigel invasion assay which gave positive results due to inhibition of MT1MMP/MMP14 by HL.

Therapeutic Effects of Hybrid Liposomes Against Xenograft Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer In Vivo Due to Long-term Accumulation.

To examine therapeutic effects of hybrid liposomes (HL) composed of L-α-dimyristylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and polyoxyethylene (25) dodecyl ether (C12(EO)25) against human colorectal cancer (WiDr) cells in vitro and in vivo. HL composed of 90 mol% DMPC and 10 mol% C12(EO)25 were prepared by the sonication method. Therapeutic effects of HL in the subcutaneous xenograft model mice of colorectal cancer were examined in vivo. Inhibitory effects of HL on the growth of WiDr cells were obtained along with apoptosis measurement. Selective accumulation of HL, including a fluorescence probe (indocyanine green; (ICG)), was observed for WiDr cells using a fluorescence microscope. Remarkable reduction of tumor volume in xenograft model of mice topically HL-treated without drugs after the subcutaneous inoculation of WiDr cells was verified in vivo. Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells of xenograft mice topically administered with HL was observed in micrographs on the basis of terminal deoxynucleotidyl tranferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Accumulation of HL, including ICG, for long-term into the tumor was obtained in the xenograft model. Therapeutic effects of HL without any drugs in the murine xenograft model after subcutaneous inoculation of human colorectal cancer were revealed for the first time in vivo due to long-term accumulation.

Structures and Surface Properties of "Cyclic" Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Ethers: Unusual Behavior of Cyclic Surfactants in Water.

The cyclization of amphiphiles has emerged as an attractive strategy for inducing remarkable properties in these materials without changing their chemical composition. In this study, we successfully synthesized three cyclic polyoxyethylene dodecyl ethers (c-POEC12's) with different ring sizes and explored the effects of their topology on their surface and self-assembly properties related to their function, comparing them with those of their linear counterparts (l-POEC12's). The surface activity of the c-POEC12's remained almost constant despite the change in their hydrophobic and hydrophilic balance (HLB) value, while that of the l-POEC12's decreased with an increase in the HLB value as general surfactants. In contrast to the normal micelles seen in the case of the l-POEC12's (3.4-9.7 nm), the cyclization of the POEC12's resulted in the formation of large spherical structures 72.8-256.8 nm in size. It also led to a dramatic decrease of 28 °C in the cloud point temperature. Furthermore, the cyclization of the POEC12's markedly suppressed the rate of protease hydrolysis caused by the surfactants. The initial rate of reduction of a detergent enzyme from Bacillus licheniformis was increased by more than 40% in the case of c-POE600C12 and c-POE1000C12, even though they exhibited surface activities almost equal to or higher than those of their linear counterparts. These results suggest that cyclization induces unusual aqueous behaviors in POEC12, making the surfactant milder with respect to detergent enzymes while ensuring it exhibits increased surface activity.

Hybrid nanoliposome as a targeted growth inhibitor for Cervical Carcinoma Cell line

Background: targeted cancer nanotherapy represents a golden goal for nanobiotechnology to overcome the severe side effects of conventional chemotherapy. Hybrid nanoliposomes (HLs) composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and Polyoxyethylene (23) dodecyl ether (C12 (EO)23 ) can integrate selectively into the cancer cell membrane inducing cancer cell death.Objectives: to assess the capacity of locally (in hose) synthesized hybrid nanoliposome to inhibit the growth of cervix cancer cells (HeLa) and induce apoptosis.Patients and Methods: hybrid nanoliposomes(nHLs) synthesized by sonication method from a mixture of 90% mol DMPC and 10% mol C12(EO)23 in tissue culture media RPMI-1640 for 6 hours at 300W and 40ºC then filtration with 0.2μm filter. Shape and size characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Viability of HeLa cell and normal lymphocytes challenged with HLs were determined using MTT assay. Induction of apoptosis in the challenged cells was examined by staining with fluorescence dye mix acridine orange/propidium iodide.Results: synthesized nHLs were in nanozise range and selectively inhibited HeLa cells proliferation with IC50 of 0.2mM DMPC with no effect against normal lymphocytes. Apoptosis was evident in 88.24% of HeLa cells population treated with HLs.Conclusion: synthesized nHLs may considered as promising nanotherapy, this study recommends further inspections for the mechanism of action of nHLs and their capabilities to inhibit other types of cancers both in vitro and in vivo

Negatively Charged Cell Membranes-Targeted Highly Selective Chemotherapy with Cationic Hybrid Liposomes against Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Cationic hybrid liposomes (CHL) composed of 87 mol% L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 5 mol% polyoxyethylene (21) dodecyl ether (C12(EO)21) and 8 mol% O,O’-ditetradecanoyl-N-(α–trimethylammonioacetyl) diethanolamine chloride (2C14ECl) were prepared by the method of sonication. A clear solution of CHL having a hydrodynamic diameter of 100 nm could be maintained over 4 weeks. The IC50 value of CHL on the growth of human colorectal cancer (CRC; HCT116) cells was remarkably smaller than that of the DMPC liposomes. Immediate fusion of CHL including NBDPC into HCT116 cell membranes was confirmed using a confocal laser and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope without affecting normal colon (CCD-33Co) cells. Activation of caspases for apoptosis of HCT116 cells induced by CHL was verified on the basis of fluorescence microscopy. Carcinoma HCT116 cells have lower membrane potential compared to normal CCD-33Co cells, since negatively charged PS and GM1 in HCT116 cells increased compared with that of normal CCD-33Co. Therapeutic effects of CHL were obtained in xenograft mouse models of CRC in vivo. Induction of apoptosis in tumor of xenograft mouse model of human CRC treated with CHL was observed in micrographs of tissue section on the basis of TUNEL method. Furthermore, no severe side effects of CHL were observed in toxicity tests using normal mice.

Effects of Water Hardness on Textile Detergency Performance in Aqueous Cleaning Systems.

The effects of water hardness on textile detergency in aqueous solutions were systematically investigated using four surfactants: sodium oleate (OLNa), linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (AS), and polyoxyethylene (10) dodecyl ether (AE). Water hardness was adjusted according to the standard procedure described in IEC 60734:2012. As expected, by adding hardness salts the surface tension of the OLNa solution increased. Surprisingly, the addition of hardness salts lowers the surface tension for the LAS and AS solutions. In the case of the AE solution, hardness salt did not affect the surface tension. A decrease in transmittance and foamability after adding hardness salts was observed for every anionic surfactant solution, indicating that anionic surfactants can combine with divalent ions to form insoluble precipitates. Detergency experiments were performed using cotton plain-woven and towel fabrics soiled with a carbon black and oleic acid mixture. One piece each of untreated and soiled fabric were stacked and placed horizontally in detergent solution with or without hardness salts. As a mechanical action of soil removal, the shaking of 190 spm was applied. Soil removal and redeposition due to washing were evaluated from changes in values of the Kubelka-Munk function for both fabrics. With increasing water hardness, soil removal decreased and redeposition increased. In order of decreasing detergency, the surfactants were as follows: LAS > OLNa ≈ AS > AE. The results indicate that precipitates, formed by reaction of LAS or AS with hardness salts, are strongly adsorbed on the water surface because of their hydrophobicity, but they have no detergency power. The field emission scanning electron microscopic observation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis showed that Ca(LAS)2 precipitation clung to fiber surfaces, and remained on the surfaces after washing. Significant changes in the cotton fabric due to washing were observed in mechanical properties and water absorbency.

Flow-injection chemiluminescence method for determination of critical micelle concentration of surfactants

In this study, chemiluminescence (CL) behaviour of Luminol-H2O2 in the presence of the different concentrations of four surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether (Brij-35), was investigated. A novel method for the direct determination of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactants using flow-injection CL is described. Under the optimum conditions, the luminescence intensity of the Luminol-H2O2 system increased gradually with increasing concentration of the surfactants before the CMC, but rapidly reached to the emission maximum at the CMC, followed by a decrease after the CMC. The concentrations of the surfactants corresponding to the luminescence maximum are in agreement with the literature CMC values. The main factors affecting the determination of CMC are discussed. The mechanistic studies show that the luminescence peaks observed in the experiment were mainly because of the protective effect of the micelle against the transition of the excited species and the retarding effect of the micelle structures on the CL reaction rate.

Hybrid Liposomes inhibit the Growth and Angiogenesis in Human Breast Cancer Model

Therapeutic effects of hybrid liposomes (HL-25) composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and polyoxyethylene(25)dodecyl ether (C12(EO)25) against breast tumor due to anti-angiogenic activity were examined in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitory effects of HL-25 on the formation of capillary tubes in the human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) were obtained in vitro. Remarkable reduction of tumor volume in mouse models of human breast cancer (HBC) was verified after the intravenous treatment with HL-25 without drugs in vivo. Anti-angiogenic activity in mouse models of HBC treated with HL-25 was observed on the basis of immunostaining method using CD34. Therapeutic effects along with anti-angiogenic activity of HL-25 without any drugs on the mouse models of HBC were revealed for the first time in vivo.

Inhibitory Effects of Hybrid Liposomes on the Growth of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells and Anti-invasive Activity by Ceramide Generation without any Drugs

Ceramide generation and invasive inhibition by hybrid liposomes (HL) composed of 90 mol% L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 10 mol% polyoxyethylene (23) dodecyl ether (C12(EO)23) were examined for human lung cancer (A549) cells in vitro. Ceramide generation for A549 cells treated with HL was observed through the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase. These was a reduction in sphingomyelin in A549 cells after treatment with HL. The anti-invasive effects of HL for A549 cells were obtained through the inhibition of MT1MMP/MMP14. Inhibitory effects of HL on the migration of A549 cells was obtained using scratch assay.

High-performance liquid chromatography determination of antioxidants in cosmetics after cloud point extraction using dodecylpolyoxyethylene ether

A new and efficient cloud-point extraction (CPE) method for the determination of antioxidants including propyl gallate (PG), tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in cosmetics has been established combining with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The non-ionic surfactant dodecylpolyoxyethylene ether (AEO9) was chosen as an extraction solvent due to its low cloud-point temperature and short phase separation time and it is well-known as an environmentally friendly solvent. Factors affecting CPE (volume of the extraction solvent, sample pH, extraction time, and equilibration temperature) were optimized. Under the optimised conditions, detection limits in the range from 1.4 to 8.5 ng mL−1 were obtained. Linearity is over a wide range from 1 to 1000 μg mL−1 with a relative standard deviation under 4.8%. The high recoveries of the spiked cosmetics were obtained in the range of 90–110%. It was successfully utilized to determine the amounts of antioxidants in real cosmetics without the need for tedious pretreatments.

Therapeutic Effects of Cationic Hybrid Liposomes on the Hepatic Metastasis of Colon Carcinoma Along with Apoptosis <i>in Vivo</i>

Therapeutic effects of cationic hybrid liposomes (HL) composed of 87 mol% dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 5 mol% polyoxyethylene (21) dodecyl ether (C12(EO)21) and 8 mol% O,O'-ditetradecanoyl-N-(α-trimethyl-ammonioacetyl) diethanolamine chloride (2C14ECl) on the metastasis of human colon carcinoma (HCT116) cells were examined in vivo. Cationic HL having a hydrodynamic diameter less than 150 nm were preserved for one month. Therapeutic effects were obtained in the hepatic metastasis mouse models of HCT116 cells after the intravenous injection of cationic HL. The histological analysis indicated the induction of apoptosis in the liver section of the hepatic metastasis mouse models treated with cationic HL in vivo. Therapeutic effects of cationic HL without any drugs on the hepatic metastasis were revealed for the first time on the basis of histological analyses in vivo.

Cell Cycle Arrest by Hybrid Liposomes for Human Lung Carcinoma Cells

Hybrid liposomes (HL), composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and polyoxyethylene(23) dodecyl ethers, were simply prepared by the sonication method. In this study, we investigated the effects of HL on cell cycle and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Induction of cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis by HL were observed in human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549, H460 and H23). HL treatment also resulted in the induction of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 and a decrease in the protein expressions of cyclins D1 and E. It is noteworthy that the treatment of A549 cells with HL inhibited phosphorylation of Akt in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HL treatment inhibited the filopodia formation in A549 cells. These results suggest that HL-induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase could be associated by the up-regulation of cdk inhibitor p21 and p27 through blocking Akt signaling

Hybrid Nanoparticles Inhibit Growth of Human Prostate Cancer Cells by Induction of Apoptosis

Hybrid liposomes (HL) can be prepared by simply ultrasonicating a mixture of vesicular and micellar molecules in buffer solutions, and contain no organic solvent unlike conventional liposomes. HL have remarkable inhibitory effects on the growth of various tumor cells including leukemia, lymphoma and colorectal cancer along with apoptosis in vitro, in vivo and clinical applications. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of HL the growth of human prostate cancer (DU145 and PC-3) cells in vitro. HL composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and polyoxyethylene (25) dodecyl ethers (C 12 (EO) 25 ) having nano-sized liposomal particles were produced. Markedly inhibitory effects of HL on the growth of DU145 and PC-3 cells were obtained for the first time. It is noteworthy that HL induced apoptotic death of DU145 and PC-3 cells through activation of caspase-3. This study suggests that HL could be a promising novel agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Therapeutic effects of hybrid liposomes without drugs for rheumatoid arthritis

Hybrid liposomes (HLs) can be prepared by simply sonicating a mixture of vesicular and micellar molecules in buffer solutions. This study aims to demonstrate inhibitory effects of HLs on the growth of fibroblast-like synoviocytes along with apoptosis and therapeutic effects of HLs in a mouse model with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). HLs composed of 95 mol% l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 5 mol% polyoxyethylene(23)dodecyl ether (C12(EO)23) were prepared by the sonication method. The inhibitory effects of HLs on the growth of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes-RA (HFLS-RA) cells in vitro and their inhibitory mechanism were examined. High inhibitory effects of HLs on the growth of HFLS-RA cells were observed. The induction of apoptosis by HLs was revealed on the basis of flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, therapeutic effects of HLs in the mouse model with RA were examined in vivo. Our results demonstrate that HLs showed inhibitory effects on the growth of HFLS-RA cells in vitro along with apoptosis and therapeutic effects in mouse models of RA in vivo.