Documentation Tasks Research Articles

Dominant Color Extraction with K-Means for Camera Characterization in Cultural Heritage Documentation

The camera characterization procedure has been recognized as a convenient methodology to correct color recordings in cultural heritage documentation and preservation tasks. Instead of using a whole color checker as a training sample set, in this paper, we introduce a novel framework named the Patch Adaptive Selection with K-Means (P-ASK) to extract a subset of dominant colors from a digital image and automatically identify their corresponding chips in the color chart used as characterizing colorimetric reference. We tested the methodology on a set of rock art painting images captured with a number of digital cameras. The characterization approach based on the P-ASK framework allows the reduction of the training sample size and a better color adjustment to the chromatic range of the input scene. In addition, the computing time required for model training is less than in the regular approach with all color chips, and obtained average color differences Δ E a b * lower than two CIELAB units. Furthermore, the graphic and numeric results obtained for the characterized images are encouraging and confirms that the P-ASK framework based on the K-means algorithm is suitable for automatic patch selection for camera characterization purposes.

Mapping nursing practices in rehabilitation units in Spain and the United Kingdom: A multiple case study.

Because of the crisis in the health sector with few employment opportunities, many Spanish nurses are looking for professional development abroad. No studies have mapped nursing practices across Europe. The aim of this research was to provide a comprehensive approach to understand nursing practices and features of the context in Spain and the United Kingdom within the rehabilitation unit and to discuss those practices from a patient safety point of view. Multiple case study design with thematic analysis was applied in this study. The methods for data collection were in-depth interviews, nonparticipant observations, and document analysis. Results were classified into six categories: resources, techniques and nursing procedures, patients' personal care, health education, documentation task, and attitudes and communication skills. This study concludes that differences exist between nursing practices despite both countries having similar nursing competences. In addition, the UK unit has a positive safety culture, recognizes that mistakes happen, and applies more barriers to avoid them. The study provides valuable information to help the decision-making process for Spanish nurses considering working in the UK.

A Theoretical Framework for Understanding Creator-Consumer Information Interaction Behaviors in Healthcare Documentation Systems

The advent of electronic documentation systems has made it easy to generate and store vast amounts of information, and has enabled easy access to patient care information, so much so that they are now considered a critical infrastructure for supporting the cognitive tasks in healthcare work. But, electronic documentation systems are not without their share of problems. Accountability and liability requirements have made electronic information creation and documentation particularly challenging. Mandatory documentation requirements and templated electronic formats have increased the amount of information, but have not always resulted in reliable, useful, or meaningful information. Documentation systems have become rigid, offering little opportunity for healthcare providers to engage in meaningful conversations about the information, and to sense problem status without additional coordination. A particularly significant information interaction problem that we have identified from our field work in healthcare information modeling, which this paper focuses on, deals with what we term creator-consumer interaction behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to examine in-depth the problem of creator-consumer information interaction behaviors in electronic healthcare documentation systems. A creator-consumer interaction behavioral framework highlights satisficing behavior during creation and consumption of medical documentation, and the characteristics of the work system that may lead to satisficing on documentation tasks.

Gamification of communication and documentation processes in project teams

Abstract Motivation - communication and documentation processes do not always support project realization and there are numerous examples that these processes are not executed properly or are neglected, treated as natural, and not needing much attention. In many cases, the problem is that team members do not put enough effort and attention to communicate clearly, to produce high-quality documentation, and to obey communication deadlines (providing reports, summaries, replying to emails, etc.). One possible way to get them more engaged is to gamify the communication and documentation processes. Aim - the paper aims to discover which communication and documentation processes and tasks are especially suitable to apply gamification and suggest appropriate gamification methods and forms which could motivate team members to execute them properly and efficiently. Method - to discover which communication and documentation processes and tasks are seen as burdensome or often neglected and which are especially suitable to apply gamification, an online-questionnaire method has been used. Then, basing on common rules regarding the application of gamification, as well as respondents’ answers, a set of gamification methods and forms for supporting communication and documentation tasks is proposed.

Understanding the work of case managers in Australian community aged care: a longitudinal time and motion study.

Objective The aim of this study was to quantify the work activities of community aged care case managers and assess changes following consumer-directed policy reforms. Methods A longitudinal, time and motion study was performed, with direct observation (n=339h) of case managers undertaking work in the office or in the community. We compared the distribution of proportions of time spent across seven broad work task categories during May-August 2014 (P1) and May-October 2016 (P2). Results Office time was primarily consumed by communication (43.7%) and documentation (33.3%) tasks. Documentation increased substantially from P1 to P2 (29.4% vs 37.0% respectively; P<0.001), with more time spent on the subtask of recording information (18.0% vs 24.5% respectively; P=0.039). Travel (45.9%) and communication (41.0%) accounted for most community time. Time in communication increased from P1 to P2 (37.3% vs 48.4% respectively; P=0.047), with more time allocated to client communication (14.6% vs 31.7%; P<0.001). Case managers spent 33.6% of community time in clients' homes (median 25.2min per client; 22.8 vs 30.1min in P1 and P2 respectively) and visited a median of two clients per day (3 vs 1 visits per day in P1 and P2 respectively). Conclusions This study provides the first quantification of task-time distribution among this workforce and how work patterns have changed during a time of significant policy reform and operational changes within the community aged care sector. What is known about the topic? Early qualitative studies gauging case managers' perceptions of the effect of consumer-directed care reforms on their work activities indicate an increase in time spent working directly with aged care clients. However, there is no existing quantitative evidence examining changes to case managers' work activities. What does this paper add? By capturing timed, multidimensional data, this study provides new quantitative evidence of how case managers distribute their time on work activities in office and community settings. Further, the results provide an indication of changes in work task-time distribution over a 2-year period when significant policy reforms and operational changes occurred. Amid a changing aged care landscape, how and with whom case managers spend their time was found to shift, with an increase in time spent recording information and communicating with clients identified. What are the implications for practitioners? This study demonstrates that direct observational studies provide important evidence of the ways in which policy and organisational changes affect community aged care case managers' work activities in practice. Triangulating this quantitative evidence with existing qualitative accounts of policy impact can further allow assessment of how complex reforms may affect everyday work. For policy makers and aged care organisations, such evidence can help discern whether policies and changes are having their desired effects, as well as providing insights as to why or why not.

Development of an Error Detection Instrument for Aircraft Maintenance

This work focuses on the development of an Error Detection Instrument (EDI), applicable in aircraft maintenance operations. Thirteen aircraft maintenance tasks were identified and used to develop the EDI. The EDI was validated by four professionals presently employed in different aviation organizations within and outside Nigeria. The study data was collected via careful observations of two maintenance activities such as landing gear maintenance and engine oil servicing using two trained research assistants. Qualitative data analysis was conducted by comparing collected data against the approved procedures as well as maintenance manual and the result of the study revealed the occurrence of errors during inspection, cleaning/lubrication, training, troubleshooting and documentation tasks. The safety implications of the tracked errors were adequately discussed. It is recommended that the EDI should be incorporated into the maintenance document and quality control process of Approved Maintenance Organizations (AMOs).

Acceptability of Standardized EEG Reporting in an Electronic Health Record.

Implementation of electronic health records may improve the quality, accuracy, timeliness, and availability of documentation. Thus, our institution developed a system that integrated EEG ordering, scheduling, standardized reporting, and billing. Given the importance of user perceptions for successful implementation, we performed a quality improvement study to evaluate electroencephalographer satisfaction with the new EEG report system. We implemented an EEG report system that was integrated in an electronic health record. In this single-center quality improvement study, we surveyed electroencephalographers regarding overall acceptability, report standardization, workflow efficiency, documentation quality, and fellow education using a 0 to 5 scale (with 5 denoting best). Eighteen electroencephalographers responded to the survey. The median score for recommending the overall system to a colleague was 5 (range 3-5), which indicated good overall satisfaction and acceptance of the system. The median scores for report standardization (4; 3-5) and workflow efficiency (4.5; 3-5) indicated that respondents perceived the system as useful and easy to use for documentation tasks. The median scores for quality of documentation (4.5; 1-5) and fellow education (4; 1-5) indicated that although most respondents believed the system provided good quality reports and helped with fellow education, a small number of respondents had substantially different views (ratings of 1). Overall electroencephalographer satisfaction with the new EEG report system was high, as were the scores for perceived usefulness (assessed as standardization, documentation quality, and education) and ease of use (assessed as workflow efficiency). Future study is needed to determine whether implementation yields useful data for clinical research and quality improvement studies or improves EEG report standardization.

23.2 WORKING WITH MEDICAL SCRIBES, MEDICAL ASSISTANTS, AND REGISTERED NURSES TO IMPROVE OUTPATIENT CLINIC WORKFLOW AND SUPPORT PHYSICIAN WELLNESS

A lecture presentation will be used to present issues related to physician burnout, specific to electronic medical record (EMR) documentation burden, and inefficiencies in clinical workflow. Since the implementation of the EMR, physicians spend more time on documentation and EMR-prompted tasks. The EMR has contributed to decreased efficiency during the patient visit and lengthier work hours to complete required documentation, both of which contribute to physician work dissatisfaction and burnout.

The Speaking Skill of Indonesian Language of Students Grade IV SDN Inpres Dasan Baru

Indonesian Language is still difficult to learn by almost every beginner learner who lives in a rural area of Indonesia which is far enough from the capital city. In this situation, Indonesian language which stands as an official language in this country becomes a second language whereas, the traditional language is, a mother tongue. This research is a qualitative research that aims to describe speaking skill of Indonesian language of the fourth grade of Elementary School at SDN Inpres Dasan Baru, and some factors that influence the development of Indonesian language speaking skill. The data is collected through four different ways: interview, observation, documentation, and purposive tasks. After analyzing the whole results, the researchers had found that the score of speaking skill is at medium level of the average, the development of speaking skill is mostly influenced by their family socio-economy status, relation of friendship, bilingualism, and environment.

Balancing documentation and direct patient care activities: A study of a mature electronic health record system

US hospitals now fully embrace electronic documentation systems as a way to reduce medical errors and improve patient safety outcomes. Whether spending time on electronic documentation detracts from the time available for direct patient care, however, is still unresolved. There is no knowledge on the permanent effects of documenting electronically and whether it takes away significant time from patient care when the healthcare information system is mature. To understand the time spent on documentation, direct patient care tasks, and other clinical tasks in a mature information system, we conducted an observational and interview study in a midwestern academic hospital. The hospital implemented an electronic medical record system 11 years ago. We observed 22 health care workers across intensive care units, inpatient floors, and an outpatient clinic in the hospital. Results show that healthcare workers spend more time on documentation activities compared to patient care activities. Clinical roles have no influence on the time spent on documentation. This paper describes results on the time spent between documentation and patient care tasks, and discusses implications for future practice. Relevance to industryThe study applies to healthcare industry that faces immense challenges in balancing documentation activities and patient care activities.

Using Edmodo as assessment for learning to facilitate improvement of 21st century health literacy

In this 21st century era student health literacy is becoming increasingly important to improve and can see as an asset for students. Assessment for learning are viewed as powerful levers for improving student health literacy by giving feedback, so student as learners know their strengths and weaknesses and how to improve their learning. This study aimed to investigate Edmodo as Assessment for learning to assess student performance during the biology learning process. Data collection techniques used are teachers and students questionnaires, documentation, and students digestive system tasks based on health literacy indicators. The analytical technique used in this study is descriptive method. The result showed improvement students average score from task 1 to task 2 in every indicators that indicate by using Edmodo students can improve 4 dimension of health literacy indicators based on Partnership-21 Century Skills frameworks.

THE INTEGRATED 3D SURVEY FOR UNDERGROUND ARCHAEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Abstract. The task of documentation and conservation of Cultural Heritage defines the challenges that geomatics techniques have to overtake in order to provide different solutions that combine the automation of processes with accurate results. The employment of integrated technologies allows improving the documentation of Cultural Heritage from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. The use of range and image-based techniques ensures the possibility to completely record articulated structures such as building with underground environments. The latter present often problematic survey conditions that imposed well planned and appropriate solutions. In this context, the paper presents the results of a 3D survey of the underground “Sybil hypogeum” and the related overhead church located in the Archaeological Park of Lilibeo (Marsala, Southern Italy). An integrated survey was planned in order to combine laser scanning technology with terrestrial-based and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based photogrammetry to acquire the three-dimensional data of the whole complex (underground environments and overhead church). The aims of the work are related to test a topographic approach by a traverse method for scans registration and to archive a complete and detailed 3D model of the whole area. This model could be used to prevent the risk of information’s loss and to improve the knowledge of the site.

Developing without Developers: Choosing Labor-saving Tools for Language Documentation Apps

Application software has the potential to greatly reduce the amount of human labor needed in common language documentation tasks. But despite great advances in the maturity of tools available for apps, language documentation apps have not attained their full potential, and language documentation projects are forgoing apps in favor of less specialized tools like paper and spreadsheets. We argue that this is due to the scarcity of software development labor in language documentation, and that a careful choice of software development tools could make up for this labor shortage by increasing developer productivity. We demonstrate the benefits of strategic tool choice by reimplementing a subset of the popular linguistic annotation app ELAN using tools carefully selected for their potential to minimize developer labor.

Bioacoustic time capsules: Using acoustic monitoring to document biodiversity

In the current extinction crisis, emerging technologies can support the urgent need to document biodiversity worldwide. Automated acoustic recorders are increasingly being used to remotely monitor species and soundscapes across the planet, generating a growing and valuable sound collection from present ecosystems. Such a collection can become a benchmark for future ecological research and shed light on our understanding of global change. Here we discuss the challenges and potential of acoustic monitoring to compose bioacoustic time capsules, environmental recordings capable to document, for future generations, how the planet’s acoustic communities were in the past. For the present, acoustic monitoring can assist in ecological research and increase the chances of a species being detected, described, and hence protected. For the future, the collected time-series of audio recordings will compose bioacoustic time capsules, providing singular historical information on the structure and dynamics of past ecosystems and the activity of extinct fauna (acoustic fossils). Thus, we claim that acoustic monitoring should be included in biologist’s toolbox to optimize the diligent task of documenting and protecting biodiversity.

Electronic Health Records as an Educational Tool: Viewpoint

BackgroundElectronic health records (EHRs) have been adopted by most hospitals and medical offices in the United States. Because of the rapidity of implementation, health care providers have not been able to leverage the full potential of the EHR for enhancing clinical care, learning, and teaching. Physicians are spending an average of 49% of their working hours on EHR documentation, chart review, and other indirect tasks related to patient care, which translates into less face time with patients.ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to provide a preliminary framework to guide the use of EHRs in teaching and evaluation of residents.MethodsFirst we discuss EHR educational capabilities that have not been reviewed in sufficient detail in the literature and expand our discussion for each educational activity with examples. We emphasize quality improvement of clinical notes as a basic foundational skill using a spreadsheet-based application as an assessment tool. Next, we integrate the six Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Core Competencies and Milestones (CCMs) framework with the Reporter-Interpreter-Manager-Educator (RIME) model to expand our assessments of other areas of resident performance related to EHR use. Finally, we discuss how clinical utility, clinical outcome, and clinical reasoning skills can be assessed in the EHR.ResultsWe describe a pilot conceptual framework—CCM framework—to guide and demonstrate the use of the EHR for education in a clinical setting.ConclusionsAs EHRs and other supporting technologies evolve, medical educators should continue to look for new opportunities within the EHR for education. Our framework is flexible to allow adaptation and use in most training programs. Future research should assess the validity of such methods on trainees’ education.

History and significance of the trauma resuscitation flow sheet

There is little to no written information in the literature regarding the origin of the trauma flow sheet. This vital document allows programs to evaluate initial processes of trauma care....

Facilitating Out-of-the-Box Solutions

Facilitating Out-of-the-Box Solutions

The Impact of Scientific and Technical Training on Improving Routine Collection of Antenatal Care Data for Maternal and Foetal Risk Assessment: A Case Study in the Province of South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Objectives First, to assess the impact of scientific and technical training on midwives' abilities in collecting and recording the results of routine antenatal care examinations. Second, to explore midwives' views with regard to factors affecting their abilities to successfully complete the data documentation tasks. Methods The study was conducted in South Kalimantan, Indonesia (April 2016-October 2017). Nineteen urban and rural midwives were selected. Access to antenatal care information on 4,946 women (retrospective cohort study) and 381 women (prospective cohort study) was granted. A descriptive and exploratory design was used to describe midwives' abilities and challenges pertaining to timely collection and recording of results concerning antenatal care examinations. Results Scientific and technical training has significantly improved the average amount of recorded antenatal care data (from 17.5% to 62.1%, p-value < 0.0005). Lack of awareness, high workload, and insufficient skills and facilities are the main reasons for the database gaps. Conclusions The training has equipped midwives with scientific knowledge and technical abilities to allow routine collection of antenatal care data. Provision and adequate use of this information during different stages of pregnancy is crucial as an evidence-based guideline to assess maternal and foetal risk factors to ending preventable mortality.

Understanding better how emergency doctors work. Analysis of distribution of time and activities of emergency doctors: a systematic review and critical appraisal of time and motion studies

BackgroundOptimising the efficiency and productivity of senior doctors is critical to ED function and delivery of safe patient care. Time and motion studies (TMS) can allow quantification of how these...

User requirements of intelligent design for Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist

Objective To determine and analyze the problems of nurses during using printed Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) for evaluating through user requirements analysis, which is necessary for information systems development, so as to provide a basis for developing an interactive strategy. Methods Two methods, the documentation method and task check method, were used to analyze user requirements of printed ICDSC. The retrieval words of documentation method were ICDSC and intensive care delirium screening checklist. This study retrieved documents on using and evaluation of publishing in PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, CNIAHL, CNKI and WanFang Data from January 2000 to December 2017. The find what focused on description related to problems of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses during using printed ICDSC. The task check method was used to select ICU nurses as user representatives to assess delirium of four patients cases provided by researchers using printed ICDSC. Each case all perfectly completed 8 appraising tasks from assessments. Researchers observed and recorded problems of ICU nurses during fulfilling the task. Nurses' sample size was based on information saturation (till no new information occurred) . Results A total of 7 articles among 144 ones retrieved referred to problems of nurses during using printed to assess delirium including time-consuming, failing to understand items, deficiency/inaccuracy in nursing record. A total of 15 ICU nurses were selected in task check method. Results showed that the problems included time-consuming, omitting items, failing to understand items, scoring mistakenly, deficiency/inaccuracy in nursing record. Conclusions There are problems such as time-consuming, omitting items, failing to understand items, scoring mistakenly and assessed information without inaccurate source in using printed ICDSC. The interactive strategy should be developed according to these problems. Key words: Data collection; Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist; User requirements; Intelligentization; Documentation method; Task check method