Database Documentation Research Articles

From a Smoking Gun to Spent Fuel: Principled Subsampling Methods for Building Big Language Data Corpora from Monitor Corpora

With the influence of Big Data culture on qualitative data collection, acquisition, and processing, it is becoming increasingly important that social scientists understand the complexity underlying data collection and the resulting models and analyses. Systematic approaches for creating computationally tractable models need to be employed in order to create representative, specialized reference corpora subsampled from Big Language Data sources. Even more importantly, any such method must be tested and vetted for its reproducibility and consistency in generating a representative model of a particular population in question. This article considers and tests one such method for Big Language Data downsampling of digitally accessible language data to determine both how to operationalize this form of corpus model creation, as well as testing whether the method is reproducible. Using the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s public documentation database as a test source, the sampling method’s procedure was evaluated to assess variation in the rate of which documents were deemed fit for inclusion or exclusion from the corpus across four iterations. After performing multiple sampling iterations, the approach pioneered by the Tobacco Documents Corpus creators was deemed to be reproducible and valid using a two-proportion z-test at a 99% confidence interval at each stage of the evaluation process–leading to a final mean rejection ratio of 23.5875 and variance of 0.891 for the documents sampled and evaluated for inclusion into the final text-based model. The findings of this study indicate that such a principled sampling method is viable, thus necessitating the need for an approach for creating language-based models that account for extralinguistic factors and linguistic characteristics of documents.

La recherche sur l’encadrement à distance en enseignement supérieur

Le but de notre projet est de réaliser une revue de littérature de la recherche sur l’encadrement à distance en enseignement supérieur, publiée en français et anglais. Cet article décrit la première étape de ce projet, dont la réalisation a permis de répondre aux objectifs suivants : (1) constituer une base documentaire ouverte sur le thème de l’encadrement à distance ; (2) analyser la notion d’encadrement à distance ; (3) dresser une synthèse des publications contenues dans la base documentaire. La méthodologie herméneutique de la revue de littérature (Boell et Cecez-Kecmanovic, 2014) a permis de clarifier la notion d’encadrement à distance et de cibler l’encadrement dans les cours à distance comme le thème principal de la revue de littérature. La base documentaire, disponible en accès libre sur le web, comporte 486 publications sur ce thème. Les résultats présentent une vue d’ensemble de la recherche dans les deux perspectives, anglophone et francophone ainsi que son évolution entre 1974 et 2016, en tenant compte du contexte organisationnel et institutionnel (université unimodale à distance vs université présentielle) des pratiques de l’encadrement dans les cours à distance.

A novel priority based document image encryption with mixed chaotic systems using machine learning approach

Document images containing different types of information are required to be encrypted with different levels of security. In this paper, the image classification is carried out based on the feature extraction, for color images. The K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) method of image classification technique is used for classifying the query Document with trained set of features obtained from the Document database. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technique is used to check for the presence as well as location of text/numerals in the Documents and to identify the Document type. Priority level is assigned in accordance with the Document type. Document images with different priorities are encrypted with different multi-dimensional chaotic maps. The Documents with different priority levels are diffused with different techniques. Document with highest priority are encrypted with highest level of security but Documents with lower priority levels are encrypted with lesser security levels. The proposed work was experimented for different document types with more number of image features for a large trained database. The results reveals a high speed of encryption for a set of document pages with priorities is more effective in comparison with a uniform method of encryption for all document types. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical tests are also conducted to check for the randomness of the sequence and achieved good randomness. The proposed work also ensures security against the various statistical and differential attacks.

A Literature Review on Freeway Traffic Incidents and Their Impact on Traffic Operations

Congestion on the freeway is more frequent due to several traffic incidents, namely traffic accidents, debris on the road, vehicle breakdown, and collision with guardrails than any other incidents. These, in turn, affect the operational performance of the freeway by increasing queue length, volume, and density. Consequently, effective freeway management strategies can help to minimize these impacts. The study investigates and summarizes existing studies to identify the reasons for and effects of the traffic incidents. Attention is given to the available solutions of the freeway traffic incidents management. The ultimate goal of this study is to identify the gaps which are not yet addressed to improve the operational effectiveness of the freeway. This study was conducted through a comprehensive literature review of existing refereed publications, established standards, and formal guidelines. Literature was sought through the Transport Research International Documentation (TRID) database, IEEE Transactions database, and google scholar search engine. Research focusing on freeway traffic incidents is a growing concern in transportation operations, as transportation network performance depends on it. Due to the advancement of technology, emerging vehicle technologies like connected vehicles have the potential to address these problems affecting the US transportation system and revolutionize mobility in the future. The study can serve as a reference for the researchers that are involved in freeway traffic operations.

On the Sources of Cassiodorus’ Chronicle

The study reveals the characteristics of the documentation database compiled by Flavius Cassiodorus in 519 compilations, known as the Chronica , but represent a mixture of records and duplicates of excerpts from a number of the consular lists of the Roman Empire, the Ostrogothic Kingdom and the Byzantine Empire V – VI centuries. It is shown that the Cassiodorus̕ composition has retained all the hallmarks of the сhronicles of late antiquity. The content of the document, however, also reveals some medieval signs: attention to the calculations of the Easter cycles, fixing only particularly significant (for a particular year) events, the desire for chronological certainty of the recorded facts. The data in this document, however, are equivalent, regardless of the Roman or Ravenna origin of the facts, dates and estimates covered. The article focuses on the nature of the dependence of the text " Chronicles ", covering the events of the second half of the V century., the so-called Ravenna fasti (Consular lists), which formed the basis of a number of contemporary Chronicles. The main material for showing the possible dependence of Cassiodorus ' work on these fasts is the vindobon Fasti (the Vienna manuscript), which the Senator could use independently of the Ravenna consulars. The differences in the texts of the Cassiodorus̕ " Chronicle " and Vindobonae document may indicate Cassiodorus̕ Roman Legitimist bias in the socio-political situation of the Ostrogothic Kingdom. Over time, this bias could develop into a focus on Constantinople in the conditions of the Byzantine-Gothic war.

A Brief Study of Comparison between Three Document Databases

A Brief Study of Comparison between Three Document Databases

El uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica para el estudio de los sucesos de la Patagonia Rebelde en el noreste de Santa Cruz

Within the framework of a research project that aims to recover the rural heritage of Northeastern Santa Cruz, a Geographical Information System (GIS) and a documentary database have been built to integrate all existing information on the rural strike of the year 1921 —commonly known as “La Patagonia Rebelde”— which broke out within the territory of this Province. This strike was a significant event in the history of Santa Cruz territory, mainly because of the brutal repression undertaken by the Argentine Army, which led to death and execution of hundreds of striking rural labourers. This article presents the methodology used in the construction of this GIS and documentary database, explaining the sources (maps, documents, manuscripts, etc.) that were used. Subsequently, we present some case-studies of this GIS application, including the construction of thematic cartographies and reconstructions of the movements of some of the main actors of the strike. Finally, we believe that the use of spatial archaeology tools and methodologies has revealed new data on how the strike affected Northeastern Santa Cruz, especially the extent of the strike and the actions of some of the actors involved.

Active Commuting and Multiple Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Active commuting is associated with greater physical activity, but there is no consensus on the actual beneficial effects of this type of physical activity on health outcomes. To examine the association between active commuting and risk of all-cause mortality, incidence and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes through meta-analysis. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Transport Research International Documentation database, and reference lists of included articles was conducted. Only prospective cohort studies were included. Twenty-three prospective studies including 531,333 participants were included. Participants who engaged in active commuting had a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality [relative risk (RR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.98] and cardiovascular disease incidence (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-0.99). There was no association between active commuting and cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer. Participants who engaged in active commuting had a 30% reduced risk of diabetes (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.61-0.80) in three studies after removal of an outlying study that affected the heterogeneity of the results. Subgroup analyses suggested a significant risk reduction (- 24%) of all-cause mortality (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.63-0.94) and cancer mortality (- 25%; RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.59-0.895) among cycling commuters. People who engaged in active commuting had a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence and diabetes.

SEH-SDB: a semantically enriched historical spatial database for documentation and preservation of monumental heritage based on CityGML

Cultural heritage has a great and inestimable value for communities. Unfortunately, several historical monuments are under deteriorating conditions mainly due to the lack of knowledge about their historical importance. Hence, it is necessary to provide efficient solutions to preserve these monuments. An effective approach for the preservation of cultural heritage should address two main aspects: documentation and information. The first aspect is related to methods that are used to document and digitally archive historic buildings by using appropriate materials and techniques for acquiring 3D spatial data. The second aspect aims to inform the population and policy makers about the importance of the historical heritage in a simple, effective, and interactive manner. In this paper, we propose an original approach to design a semantically enriched historical spatial database (SEH-SDB) for documentation and information of monumental heritage. First of all, a LiDAR acquisition of the historical heritage should be undertaken to capture its current condition. Then, the SEH-SDB database will be designed according to four semantic packages related to historical buildings that are (1) Components package, (2) Material package, (3) Historical package, and (4) Social package. The component package is based on the CityGML standard, which ensures a high interoperability for 3D models. The material package represents the material used in the construction of the building (wood, stone …). The historical package informs about historical elements that characterize the building and its temporal evolution. The social package aims to inform about the main social activities that may take place in the historical building. Based on the SEH-SDB, a 3D historical GIS is developed to provide rich semantic information about historical sites. At the end of this paper, a case study of a historical monument named “Ribat Banajah” in Jeddah Historical City in Saudi Arabia is presented. A digital archiving of the current state of this building is performed by using terrestrial LiDAR in combination with other classical surveying techniques (traversing, leveling, and GPS). Then, a building information model of this building is created and exported to the 3D HGIS designed for the documentation of historical buildings.

Outcome of 940-nm diode laser-assisted endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a retrospective study of clinical cases

The aim of this retrospective study of clinical cases was to compare outcomes of laser-assisted endodontic treatment/retreatment using 940-nm diode laser and EDTA versus conventional use of NaOCl and EDTA or citric acid with or without Ca(OH)2 intersessions in teeth with apical periodontitis. Database of medical documentation in a private practice was screened for root canal treatments done during 2014–2017. Then all files of cases with apical periodontitis (N = 46) were taken for retrospective evaluation and divided into two groups: group 1—940-nm diode laser-assisted endodontic treatments/retreatments (N = 24); group 2—conventional treatments/retreatments (N = 22). The outcome measure was radiographic change in apical bone density, using the periapical index (PAI). Unrelated specialist endodontist was asked to give PAI scores for radiographs done before treatment and after treatment—short- and long-term follow-up or both if present. All available data was assessed for statistical evaluation. No statistically significant difference of PAI score between groups before treatment (p = 0.943) and after long-term follow-up (p = 0.22) was found. Both groups exhibited a statistically significant decrease in PAI scores in short-term and in long-term follow-up evaluation (p < 0.001). With laser group having first follow-up evaluation significantly earlier (p < 0.001) with significantly lower PAI score (p = 0.002) than conventional. Significantly more treatments in laser group were done without any chemical antibacterial substances (NaOCl, Ca(OH)2 or antibiotics), while in conventional, at least one was always used. Results of this study suggests that 940-nm diode laser-assisted endodontic protocol is a reliable alternative to conventional treatment, allowing a decrease of chemical irrigation solutions, intracanal medication, and systemic antibiotic use and initiating faster healing of periapical lesion. However, to have stronger evidence, well designed randomised clinical trial studies are needed with larger sample size.

Principles of defining and recording data on structures permanently attached to buildings and their influence on coherence of cadastral data on buildings in Poland

Abstract The provisions of the geodetic law contain the term “Structures permanently attached to buildings”. These are elements that make up a set of attributes of buildings. At present, attributes of buildings are very complex, giving rise to discussion in the surveying environment. Many of them are impossible to be unambiguously and immediately defined by the surveyor. The surveyor is obliged to identify structures permanently attached to buildings, to define them, and to enter these structures with all their attributes into appropriate databases. This research paper presents the analysis consisting of certain aspects related to an attempt to define these attributes and to determine the principles of assigning their definitions to construction realities. For this purpose, the legal regulations and case-law concerning the studied attributes were referred to. Then, symbolic representation for the presented structures was analysed, as regards its use on geodetic maps. An important element influencing the introduced changes was identified, which is a sign of the times, i.e. digitization of the geodetic and cartographic documentation database. Finally, the Author proposed what changes should be made with respect to the amount of the information collected on structures permanently attached to buildings, as well as to the methods of their presentation on maps.

Outcomes after asystole events occurring during wearable defibrillator-cardioverter use.

AIMTo examine whether wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) alarms for asystole improve patient outcomes and survival.METHODSAll asystole episodes recorded by the WCD in 2013 were retrospectively analyzed from a database of device and medical record documentation and customer call reports. Events were classified as asystole episodes if initial presenting arrhythmia was asystole (< 10 beats/minor ≥ 5 s pause). Survival was defined as recovery at the scene or arrival to a medical facility alive, or not requiring immediate medical attention. Episodes occurring in hospitals, nursing homes, or ambulances were considered to be under medical care. Serious asystole episodes were defined as resulting in unconsciousness, hospital transfer, or death.RESULTSOf the total 51933 patients having worn the WCD in 2013, there were 257 patients (0.5%) who had asystole episodes and comprised the study cohort. Among the 257 patients (74% male, median age 69 years), there were 264 asystole episodes. Overall patient survival was 42%. Most asystoles were considered “serious” (n = 201 in 201 patients, 76%), with a 26% survival rate. All 56 patients with “non-serious” asystole episodes survived. Being under medical care was associated with worse survival of serious asystoles. Among acute survivors, 20% later died during WCD use (a median 4 days post asystole episode). Of the 86 living patients at the end of WCD use period, 48 (56%) received ICD/pacemaker and 17 (20%) improved their condition.CONCLUSIONSurvival rates after asystole in patients with WCD are higher than historically reported survival rates. Those under medical care at time of asystole exhibited lower survival.

Explaining the discontinuation of a non-tobacco nicotine project at Philip Morris: obstacles to innovation.

This paper investigates the fate of the Capillary Aerosol Generator (CAG), a nicotine aerosol device resembling modern e-cigarettes, developed by Philip Morris (PM) in 1994. A debate has emerged as to why this product never made it to market. In Donovan et al. v. Philip MorrisUSA, Inc., the sides presented opposing views in their arguments. To explore the reasons for CAG abandonment, we searched the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents database for key terms including 'Capillary Aerosol,' 'Project LEAP' (the project under which theCAG was housed), and 'Tony Howell' (CAG inventor). The results show that regulatory, legal, and political concerns deterred CAG development. A lack of progress even after these concerns had abated seems to reveal a larger reluctance to innovate non-tobacco products-perhaps due to concerns about competing against tobacco cigarettes. We also explored additional explanations such as technological barriers and lack of consumer interest.

Etiquetado social y blog-scraping como alternativa para la actualización de vocabularios controlados Aplicación práctica a un tesauro de Biblioteconomía y Documentación

The aim of this paper is to compare the use of free language tags, taken in our case from specialized blogs on information sciences, against the unstructured controlled language of keywords lists, for verifying which of them is the best source of new terminology for the Librarianship Thesaurus and Documentation. To do this, authors’ labels were extracted from 127 blogs on librarianship and information science using web scraping techniques, and were compared with descriptors and identifiers lists of the ISOC library and documentation database (ISOC-BD). The results of the analysis of authors’ tags in blogs contribute with 186 new terms, while the database lists only 130 terms. It is concluded that free language tags could be a better and faster way for contributing new terminology to controlled vocabularies than unstructured controlled language lists.

Theoretical and Analytical Study of Northwest Regional Dance Music Document Database Construction

Local music and dance literature refers to those documents whose contents are characterized by the local color of regional music and dance. A literature database of local music and dance serves as the pedestal for academic construction and research carried out in the field of local music and dance. At present, the construction of local music and dance literature database is far from sufficient in China, and with the development of academic studies in music and dance, more and more scholars are supposed to use local music and dance literature as reference resources. So it is a necessary requirement in the course of disciplinary development that a special literature database of local music and dance be set up, for which the present essay is an exploration in its research categories, methods and goals.

Medical Image Handling in the Cloud based on Document Databases

Medical Image Handling in the Cloud based on Document Databases

Split key management framework for Open Stack Swift object storage cloud

Object storage systems are emerging as new generation service oriented store technologies of large scale data management and delivery in clouds. Recently, several object storage technologies are emerging, one such technology is OpenStack Swift. Swift is based on container services methodology for data organization and retrieval, managed via open standards like web services REST protocols. Swift has several components for data management and retrieval, but, lacks in providing security features (like the key management and encryption) of the data while the data is at rest and in transit. In this paper, we propose a framework for OpenStack Swift key management based on multi-factor split keys, and propose a methodology for key organisation using the document database Mongo DB. First, we describe the object based storage mechanisms in swift, its limitations, followed by key management framework and its components. In this paper we compare the performance of the proposed symmetric-split-key encryption/decryption methodology with the symmetric key, and the performance of the key retrieval when organized in Relational database MySQL and Document database Mongo DB.

Transaction processing in consistency-aware user\u2019s applications deployed on NoSQL databases

NoSQL databases are capable of storing and processing big data which is characterized by various properties such as volume, variety and velocity. Such databases are used in a variety of user applications that need large volume of data which is highly available and efficiently accessible. But they do not enforce or require strong data consistency nor do they support transactions. This paper investigates into the transaction processing in consistency-aware applications hosted on MongoDB and Riak which are two representatives of Document and Key-Value NoSQL databases, respectively. It develops new transaction schemes in order to provide NoSQL databases with transactional facilities as well as to analyze the effects of transactions on data consistency and efficiency in user’s applications. The proposed schemes are evaluated using the YCSB + T benchmark which is based on Yahoo! Cloud Services Benchmark (YCSB). Experimental results show that using the proposed schemes, strong consistency can be achieved in MongoDB and Riak without severely affecting their efficiency. We also conduct experiments in order to analyse the level of consistencyof MongoDB and Riak transactional systems.

Morphological characterization of geographical indication litchi crops and released varieties grown in Bangladesh

Four Geographical Indication litchi genotypes (GIs) viz., Kadmi Lichu, Mongalbari Lichu, Deshi/Ati/Rajshahi Local (BARI Lichu-1) and Bedana Lichu, and three released varieties viz., BARI Lichu-2, 3 and 4) were characterized morphologically during July 2012 to June 2013 with a view to identifying the degree of morphological and genetic variation of litchi within cultivars, and to establish a permanent database for documentation of litchi. Morphological characterization data were recorded from standing trees of the most concentrated areas of cultivation for GIs and the respective stations from where the variety was released viz., Kadmi from Sonargaon, Narayanganj; Mongalbari from Pakundia, Kishoreganj; Rajshahi Local from Mohanpur village of Shyampur union under Rajshahi district; Bedana from Masimpur, Dinajpur; BARI Lichu-2 and BARI Lichu-3 from RARS, Akbarpur and BARI Lichu-4 from BSPC, Debiganj. Historical background of geographical indication crops of litchi as described by aged people of their most concentrated areas of cultivation indicated that the cultivars were originated naturally in those areas. The cultivars were very location specific. They do not perform well in respect of yield and quality outside their areas of origin indicating their very narrow adaptability range. It was another indication regarding location of origin of the GI crops. On the other hand, the exotic cultivars grown in the country such as BARI Lichu-2, BARI Lichu-3 etc. possess country wide adaptability. Wide variations were observed among the GI crops and released varieties included in this study for plant, leaf, inflorescence, flower and fruit characters. Variation was also recorded in respect of incidence of biotic and abiotic stresses like insect pests, mites, diseases, sunburn, fruit cracking and fruit drop. Each GI/released variety possesses some unique characters, which distinguish it from all other genotypes.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 103-120, March 2017

WBS-based dynamic multi-dimensional BIM database for total construction as-built documentation

Abstract As-built documentation is valuable to assist decision-making in project control, and building operation and maintenance applications. Given the importance of as-built documentation, the quickly maturing technology of building information modeling (BIM), an object-oriented information-integration platform, has led to the emergence of concurrent as-built documentation during the construction phase. However, in the current practice, integrating construction records into BIM remains a challenge due to their heterogeneous and unstructured data formats. This paper presents a work breakdown structure (WBS)-based database design to enable the creation of a dynamic multi-dimensional BIM database to incorporate construction records in a timely manner. In this study, the construction records were defined as additional dimension, and a WBS code-based automated linking mechanism between construction project tasks and BIM objects was created to generate the multi-dimensional BIM database. The automatic linking mechanism and the WBS-based dynamic multi-dimensional BIM database were tested and verified through the implementation of a real construction project schedule and a BIM model. The test results illustrate that the newly created method is successful in incorporating construction records collected during the construction phase to generate a dynamic BIM database for generating complete as-built documentation.