Formal Documentation Research Articles

Effective project management of 3rd party funding in European Union Horizon Industry4.0 projects: sharing experiences from two use cases

To reduce the risk and the required bureaucracy for accessing public funding, the EC has developed a mechanism to grant money to consortia to be used to fund to startups, SMEs and Midcaps to start, evolve or transition their offer to increase their competitivity in the market, in turn providing benefit for the entire European economy.This paper presents the experience in managing what is actually 3rd party (or cascading) funding in two different European Innovation Action Projects in the manufacturing domain. The paper discusses the design and implementation phases and provides the detail on how to manage the processes to ensure fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness that is lacking from the EC's formal documentation.

Stages of development and determination of the cost of development of regulatory environmental documentation on transport

The requirements of modern nature management imply mandatory compliance with environmental legislation aimed primarily at eliminating problems in the field of environmental protection. The primary measure in this direction is the development by economic entities of environmental documentation reflecting the main provisions of environmental activities. Management processes at the level of economic entities involve activities related to environmental protection, which is subject to mandatory documentation through the development of regulatory environmental documentation. Identifying the stages of this type of activity allows you to clearly understand the sequence of work in terms of the development of regulatory environmental documentation and properly organize management processes in this area. In addition, it should be taken into account that often the cost of developing such documentation is unacceptable for enterprises of various fields of activity, therefore, this article discusses the main individual postulates of the formation of such documentation and determining its cost both at the stage of a commercial offer and at the stage of concluding a contract for the development of environmental documentation.

Features of the regulation of land relations during the state of martial

In the article, the authors submit the main changes to the current land legislation of Ukraine since the beginning of a full-scale invasion of the russian armed forces. The article deals with the novellas, in particular: Law No. 2145-IX «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Creation of Conditions for Food Security in Martial Status» of April 7, 2022; Law No. 2247-IX «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Peculiarities of Regulation of Land Relations in Martial Status» of June 9, 2022. The conditions and requirements for the formation of new land plots and documentation during the war are revealed; The rights of tenants of agricultural land during hostilities are explained; Changes in the rules of regulation of land relations are currently analyzed. Explained: system of change of purpose of land plots; lease of state and communal property for placement of production capacity of enterprises evacuated from the war zone; The simplified procedure for renting free land plots of state and communal property of agricultural purposes used for conducting commodity agricultural production is investigated. The procedure for leasing, privatization and compulsory alienation of such a plot in the form of confiscation and requisition was determined, the procedure for determining the damage and losses caused by the aggressor state, the land fund of Ukraine is analyzed. The systematic legislation on regulation of land relations in the conditions of martial law and the possibility of simplification to ensure the functioning of the economy and the accelerated restoration of infrastructure of Ukraine is revealed.

Surgical Management of Vision Loss in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Case Series from a Tertiary Care Stroke Center.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) presenting as vision loss is uncommon. Raised intracranial tension in CVT is proposed as one of the mechanisms (13.2%). There are still unknown underlying mechanisms to explain vision loss in CVT. The safety and outcome of the surgery (optic nerve sheath fenestration [ONSF] or theco-peritoneal shunt [TPS]) to reduce intracranial hypertension and prevent vision loss has not been studied. A retrospective case record review of CVT patients with impending vision loss who underwent ONSF/TPS from 2007 to 2019 was performed from the stroke registry. All patients had formal neuro-ophthalmological evaluation and documentation of visual acuity, supplemented by visual field assessments by perimetry in a subset of patients. Safety and outcomes were assessed based on vision improvement and adverse effects after the surgery. Among approximately 1400 patients with CVT admitted in the stroke ward over 12 years, surgery for rescuing vision was done in 18. Among these, the males were 6, and the females were 12. The mean age of presentation was 24 (range 18-52 years). All of them had headaches and progressive blurring of vision with papilledema. The number of patients who underwent TPS was 13, ONSF was 1, and both were 4. In the TPS group (26 eyes), vision improved in 15 eyes (57.7%), remained status-quo in 8 eyes (30.7%), and worsened in 3 eyes (11.5%). Four patients underwent both surgeries; three eyes improved, two remained status quo, and three worsened. One patient underwent ONSF, and his vision remained status quo (no perception of light). Three patients (17.6%) of the TPS group had minor complications (low-pressure headache, subdural hygroma), and five (29.4%) had major complications like subdural hemorrhage, abdominal wound infection, and meningitis. In patients with CVT, adequate vision monitoring is mandatory. Shunt surgeries (especially TPS) may help in stabilizing/improving vision in CVT patients with impending vision loss, despite adequate anti-edema measures (53.8% improved). Early diagnosis and precise decisions in referring for surgery are crucial.

Why Fairness Opinions? Theoretical foundation and clinical study in Switzerland

Fairness opinions are third-party opinions on the financial fairness of transactions for shareholders. They are primarily commissioned by management bodies of targets especially in the case of public takeover bids. The main objectives of this commissioning are said to be better information provision, independent certification, and documentation of the basis for management decisions and safeguarding. However, an empirical verification of these anecdotally mentioned objectives has not been performed so far. On the basis of a detailed, clinical study of 44 Swiss fairness opinions from the period 2010 to 2020, these objectives are reviewed. It is shown that many arguments speak against the hypotheses of information provision and certification, but that these are very much in line with the hypothesis of formal documentation and safeguarding of the boards of management.

Optimal Deep Belief Network Enabled Malware Detection and Classification Model

Cybercrime has increased considerably in recent times by creating new methods of stealing, changing, and destroying data in daily lives. Portable Document Format (PDF) has been traditionally utilized as a popular way of spreading malware. The recent advances of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models are utilized to detect and classify malware. With this motivation, this study focuses on the design of mayfly optimization with a deep belief network for PDF malware detection and classification (MFODBN-MDC) technique. The major intention of the MFODBN-MDC technique is for identifying and classifying the presence of malware exist in the PDFs. The proposed MFODBN-MDC method derives a new MFO algorithm for the optimal selection of feature subsets. In addition, Adamax optimizer with the DBN model is used for PDF malware detection and classification. The design of the MFO algorithm to select features and Adamax based hyperparameter tuning for PDF malware detection and classification demonstrates the novelty of the work. For demonstrating the improved outcomes of the MFODBN-MDC model, a wide range of simulations are executed, and the results are assessed in various aspects. The comparison study highlighted the enhanced outcomes of the MFODBN-MDC model over the existing techniques with maximum precision, recall, and F1 score of 97.42%, 97.33%, and 97.33%, respectively.

Content Disarm and Reconstruction of PDF Files

Content Disarm and Reconstruction (CDR) is a zero-trust file methodology that proactively extracts threat attack vectors from documents and media files. While extensive literature on CDR emphasizes its importance, a detailed discussion of how the CDR process works, its effectiveness, and its drawbacks is not presented. Therefore, this paper presents PdfCDR, the first PDF CDR system in which the validation, the prevention rate, and the received visual similarity effect of disarming and reconstruction are presented and measured. Furthermore, PdfCDR suggests for the first time a novel method dealing with new emerging exploits by automatically converting detection rules to disarm and reconstruction rules. As a result, PdfCDR can prevent evasive attacks without any software upgrades and utilize the cyber security community knowledge to prevent cyber attacks as soon as they are advertised. The effectiveness of the novel PdfCDR against well-known PDF datasets shows that it disarmed not only the malicious components, but the reconstructed file is also usable and functional. However, since CDR relies on understanding the file format, any CDR solution should handle each supported file type separately due to the vast difference in each file format. Hence, this paper focuses on the Portable Document Format (PDF) file type that attackers commonly exploit. The results indicate that PdfCDR successfully CDR 90% of the malicious files while the remaining 10% were encrypted or had abnormal structures compared to the standard and were quarantined.

Mealtime Challenges in the School Setting: Therapeutic Processes and Practitioner Experiences

ABSTRACT Mealtime is an essential occupation that occurs daily in the school setting for all learners. This study explored how school occupational therapy practitioners address mealtime challenges using a one-group, convergent mixed methods design. Participants were school occupational therapy practitioners who service pre-K to 5th-grade students. Data were collected using an electronic survey (n = 195) and semi-structured interviews (n = 11) to gain an in-depth understanding of therapeutic processes and practitioner experiences regarding mealtime challenges. Survey results indicated that 41% of practitioners evaluate mealtime using non-standardized methods like clinical observations (88%) and teacher interviews (78%). The most common mealtime interventions and outcomes reported by practitioners were self-feeding (73%) and independence with mealtime routines (37%). Interview themes revealed the informal processes practitioners use to address mealtime challenges and feelings of apprehension about supporting students with complex mealtime needs. Formal documentation and more frequent coordination between parents, school staff, and community providers are target areas for improvement. The development of clear practice guidelines at the local, state, and national level are critical tasks to empower this change.

Pengembangan Media Video Pembelajaran Pada Mata Kuliah Fotografi

This study aims to produce video media products using Wondershare Filmora as a learning medium that is in accordance with the eligibility criteria for media and materials in photography courses. The research conducted is Research and Development (R&D) research. The product validity test was carried out by three validators, namely two media validators and one material validator. The product trial was carried out for students of the 2020 FIP UNP ID card affairs who were the subject of trials with a total of 20 people to find the feasibility of learning video media. Data collection instruments and tools used are documentation, material and media expert validation formats, assessment sheets and questionnaires. Based on the results of the feasibility assessment from material experts and media experts, namely, the results of material validation obtained a "Very good" value so that the material was declared valid for use, the media validation results obtained a "Very Good" value, so the media was categorized as valid for testing. Furthermore, the results of the analysis based on trials for the practicality of learning video media products are in the "Very Practical" category. Based on the results of the validity test, and the trial, it can be concluded that learning video media can be developed and effectively used in the Photography learning process.

Formal documentation of nine nonnative plant species in New Hampshire

Formal documentation of nine nonnative plant species in New Hampshire

Does image editing improve the quality of latent prints? An analysis of image-editing techniques in one crime laboratory

Field research within latent print comparison has remained sparse in the context of an otherwise growing body of literature examining the discipline. Studies examining how ACE-V procedures are implemented within active crime laboratories are especially lacking in light of research suggesting significant variability in examiner practices despite standardized ACE-V procedures. To date, no studies have examined a potentially important aspect of the Analysis phase: digital image editing. We provide information on the prevalence and types of latent print image editing within one laboratory (i.e., Houston Forensic Science Center), examine the potential effect of image editing on objective print quality and clarity (i.e., LQMetrics scores), and explore potential examiner differences in editing effectiveness. Results indicate that most latent prints are edited in some manner, and that image editing improves the quality and clarity of print images as defined by an objective quality metric, although examiners varied in their ability to improve the clarity of print images. Findings suggest that formal guidance or documentation of standard editing procedures would likely improve the reliability of examiner conclusions early in the latent print comparison process.

Walking a mile in Grandma’s shoes - medical students’ evaluation of a very simple online aging game to enhance their understanding of older patients

BackgroundAging simulation games are established educational interventions to make older patients’ perspectives noticeable, raise awareness about their needs, and positively influence attitudes toward older adults. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions imposed on education, we replaced a classroom-based aging simulation course with a simple online equivalent. This consisted of short introductory screencasts, four downloadable Portable Document Format (PDF) files containing issue-specific audio and video links, quizzes, case studies, and prompts for reflection. We explored how well our self-directed simple online simulation succeeded in providing students with relevant insights and experiences, raising awareness about age-related difficulties, and enhancing understanding of older patients.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, an anonymous post hoc online survey was conducted among 277 5th-year medical students eligible for the course at the Leipzig University in May 2020. The questionnaire addressed overall course evaluations, assessments of the individual PDF components (working enjoyment, personal insights, professional learning gain, enhanced understanding, increased interest in working with older patients), and students’ main insights from the course (free text). Descriptive statistical and qualitative content analyses were performed.ResultsThe response rate was 92.4% (n = 256, mean age 25.7 ± 3.4 years, 59.8% women). Nearly all respondents reported that the course was well structured, easily understandable, and that processing was intuitive. The majority (82.8%) perceived the course as practice-oriented, 88.3% enjoyed processing, 60.3% reported having gained new professional knowledge, and 75.4% had new personal insights. While only 14.8% agreed that the online course could generally replace the real-world simulation, 71.1% stated that it enabled them to change their perspective and 91.7% reported enhanced understanding of older patients. PDF components containing audio and video links directly imitating conditions (visual or hearing impairment) were rated highest. Qualitative data revealed manifold insights on the part of the students, most frequently referring to aspects of professional doctor-patient interaction, knowledge about conditions and diseases, role reversal, and enhanced empathy.ConclusionSimple online aging simulations may be suitable to provide students with relevant insights and enhance their understanding of older patients. Such simulations could be alternatively implemented in health professionals’ education where resources are limited.

Bias in the superimposition of lateral cephalograms in adult patients with anterior open bite

Anterior open bite malocclusion can be treated nonsurgically using fixed appliances, clear aligners, or temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Proponents of clear aligners and TADs often attribute bite closure to molar intrusion and counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane. These changes may be supported by superimpositions. However, the process of creating a superimposition is subjective and may be influenced by practitioner bias. The initial and final lateral cephalograms from 30 adult anterior patients with open bite were used in this study. Ten patients were treated with fixed appliances, 10 with clear aligners, and 10 with TADs. We asked 6 orthodontic graduate students and 6 orthodontic practitioners to complete superimpositions using these radiographs in 3 separate sessions. In the first session, the raters were told that all patients only received treatment with fixed appliances. In the second session, the raters were told that all patients were treated with clear aligners only, and in the third session, they were told all patients were treated with fixed appliances and TADs. Superimpositions were performed using Dolphin software, and each superimposition was saved as a Portable Document Format image. Change in the mandibular plane was the primary outcome and was assessed categorically (closed, no change, opened). Cephalometric values were measured and used to investigate the dental and skeletal changes associated with treatment. Although the raters demonstrated a slight tendency toward the mandibular plane closing or staying the same when told the treatment was clear aligners or TADs, these differences were not statistically significant. A high degree of intrarater and interrater variability in the mandibular plane change was present in all 3 superimposition sessions. The measurements from the lateral cephs showed significant changes for overbite and incisor vertical and angular movements. Almost no change was observed in anterior facial height, mandibular plane angle, or vertical movement of the first molars. This study did not observe a significant amount of superimposition bias. However, there was considerable intrarater and interrater reliability. This suggests that the same initial and final cephs may be interpreted very differently on the basis of the subjective superimposition of the raters.

Application of deep reinforcement learning in attacking and protecting structural features-based malicious PDF detector

Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used for document exchange and supports cross-platform use. Therefore, most PDF files with embedded malicious scripts can be widely distributed and executed. Many researchers use machine learning models to analyze structural features extracted from PDF files. However, most detection models are vulnerable to adversarial samples, so attackers can evade detection through Adversarial Machine Learning (AML). Although several methods already exist for generating adversarial PDF files, many of these cannot precisely control the process of generating samples, and neglect the number of requests issued to the target detector, which is a potential limitation in real scenarios. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based attack framework to evade malicious PDF files detection. Motivated by the reward mechanism, the reinforcement learning agent will construct adversarial samples by continuously manipulating malicious PDF files, and eventually automate the process of evading detection under the given constraints. Different from adversarial learning which is used in most studies, a DRL-based defense strategy is proposed to confront this attack. This strategy collects adversarial samples to train a new detector, which in turn is used by defenders to guide a new agent to recover the original feature vectors of malicious PDF files. Experimental results show that the attack framework is of great significance for hiding malicious features, and the defense strategy can effectively mitigate the threat posed by this type of attack.

Putting a Social and Cultural Framework on the Evidence Act

What follows are presentations to a seminar on the Supreme Court decision in Deng v Zheng (2022): guidance on bringing relevant social and cultural information to the court’s attention. The case concerned whether, despite a lack of formal documentation, the parties had entered into a legal partnership, of which they would be jointly responsible for the debts of the partnership. Two issues arose relating to the culture of the parties: namely, whether the meaning to be ascribed to 公司 (gingsi) went beyond ‘company’ and could extend to ‘firm’ or ‘enterprise’ and the significance of 关系 (guanxi). Both parties are Chinese and their business relationship appeared to have been conducted in Mandarin. Justice Goddard was the presiding judge in Zheng v Deng (2020), the Court of Appeal judgment appealed to the Supreme Court. Mai Chen appeared with two other lawyers on behalf of the intervenor, the New Zealand Law Society.
 Keywords: social and cultural framework; Evidence Act; expert evidence; translations; interpreters; adjudicative facts; social facts; legislative facts; stereotyping; subconscious bias; judicial notice; reliable published documents.

Establishing a New National and International Benchmark – A Unique Application of the ACHS EQuIP Quality Improvement Framework to Australia’s National and International Deployable Health Emergency Capability

Background/Introduction:The NCCTRC is the custodian of the Australian Medical Assistance Team (AUSMAT) capability. AUSMAT achieved World Health Organization (WHO) verification as a Type 2 Emergency Medical Team (EMT) in 2016.The NCCTRC explored a quality framework to support quality improvement beyond WHO minimum standards. The Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS) accreditation standards were applied to a unique field capability setting.Objectives:Establish a quality improvement framework for AUSMAT deployable capability to ensure delivery of the highest standard of care to populations affected by disasters and health emergencies.Method/Description:ACHS surveyors conducted a scoping assessment in 2017. The ACHS EQuIP Framework provided flexibility to accommodate the complexity of a deployable health facility, the fixed and virtual workforce, and the application of disaster response/humanitarian principles.Self-assessment identified gaps, which were remedied by the development of multiple tools, and an on-going program of improvement in formal documentation of process.Results/Outcomes:NCCTRC achieved ACHS EQuIP accreditation in June 2019. NCCTRC was awarded the ACHS Global Quality Improvement Award in November 2019. Survey in May 2021 demonstrated continued achievement.Conclusion:The application of a national accreditation framework to an EMT is unique. The NCCTRC applied a quality improvement framework to provide a standard of care that meets national health facility accreditation criteria, setting a new standard of clinical quality in the field.

PEMANFAATAN FLAG SECURE UNTUK PROTEKSI BUKU DIGITAL PADA E-LIBRARY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DIRGANTARA ADISUTJIPTO

Documents in the E-library service at the Adisutjipto Institute of Aerospace Technology (ITDA) Library are available and can be accessed and read by library members via a computer connected to the E-library network. So that the existing e-library can be accessed by many people with mobile computing equipment, it is necessary to make software that can access documents in the E-library in the form of a book in the Protable Document Format (PDF) format. The purpose of this research is to make books in PDF format so that they can be accessed and read and protected from being reproduced without the permission of the ITDA library. The method used in this research is in the form of software design with object-oriented programming, by dividing the application into small parts / objects into a large application that is used to access e-libraries with mobile computing devices. The application created also uses a library in Android Studio called the secure flag. The results of the tests carried out stated that the protection of book files in the android-based e-library application was able to prevent users from taking screenshots, copying book files, and downloading files illegally, while the speed of access in opening book files in e-library-based applications android is greatly influenced by connection speed and book file size. From the results of this test, it can be concluded that books in PDF format in the E-library in the ITDA Library can be protected.

Is the public library included? An analysis of local government documentation on the integration of forced migrants in Scotland

Library and information science researchers identify public library roles in the integration of forced migrants into local communities. Here an analysis of formal documentation issued by local authorities allowed for an exploration of public libraries as services to aid the integration of forced migrants in Scotland. In 2021, 23 Scottish local authorities responded to Freedom of Information requests to supply documentation on the integration of forced migrants. Analysis. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted on 141 files. Complete coding resulted in 44 consolidated codes and 4 candidate themes. Scottish local authority documentation primarily records provision for the integration of forced migrants, rather than advocates policy or guidance. The local authorities focus mainly on housing, education, and health, with close attention to the legal context, in efforts to address forced migrant integration needs. Public libraries feature only occasionally in the documentation: as services that support orientation and/or provide leisure facilities. Their potential to contribute to meeting information needs, or supporting literacy and learning, is not considered. The integration of forced migrants is an important priority of Scottish local authorities, but one that does not currently acknowledge the roles that public libraries play in such endeavours.

CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATIONS OF UNITED KINGDOM: POST BREXIT

The Medical and Healthcare Regulatory Agency is a Healthcare agency which was established in the United Kingdom and regulates drugs and medical equipment. The guidelines for marketing drugs and medical equipment are under European Medicines Agency. The United Kingdom officially left the European Union on 31st January 2020. So, the Medical and Healthcare Regulatory Agency was started and the guidelines are given by them. The yellow card scheme was established and it collects the adverse effects data of medicals from the patients directly online on the Medical and Healthcare Regulatory Agency website which helps in drug development and new drug investigation. The licence for drug marketing was done through the Medical and Healthcare Regulatory Agency website. By submitting the documents in electronic Common Technical Document format. It will take around 12-18 months. There are some new marketing authorisation assessment routes Medical and Healthcare Regulatory Agency has published.

The Formal Model article format: justifying modelling intent and a critical review of data foundations through publication

Documenting complex models has long been a problem. Models are currently developed, implemented, and applied before review. Combined this leads to details hidden in the appendices or too little detail in the methods section to be reproducible. Modellers involve reviewers too late in the process. This does not allow them to flag issues, suggesting redesigns and reruns only after the analysis is complete. We propose splitting the model documentation, before analysis, into three steps: the Formal Model, Implementation Documentation, and Evaluation and Testing. Researchers can then use the well-built model for analysis. We introduce the first of these, the Formal Model as a peer-reviewed paper format that lays out the intentions for the model. The Formal Model includes reviewed literature that identifies the components of the model. Lays out the theoretical framework, modelling approaches and externalities. Plans to implement each process, with equations, descriptions, state variables and scales. Finally, the Formal Model gives the model’s strengths, weaknesses, exclusions, and place in the literature. We provide a flexible template for a Formal Model to aid in establishing a new common format. The Formal Model aims to improve transparency and provide a formal approach to documentation. Reviewers can help improve the model by identifying problems early. The Formal model contains the details needed to allow for reproducibility. It also encourages modellers to think about the consequences of what is and is not included within the model. And finally, it gives the credit that modellers deserve for the involved process of creating a model.