Doctrine Of Sustainable Development Research Articles

Research on cement-free composites based on alkaline-activated waste materials

The article presents a review of research conducted on cement-free concretes based on alkaline-activated waste materials. Research is conducted in order to create concretes that are in line with the doctrine of sustainable development. Their main assumption is the reuse of recycled materials in newly produced building materials without compromising their properties. In addition, attempts are made to eliminate Portland cement, replacing it partially or completely with fly ashes or metakaolin. Another modification of concrete consists of replacing natural aggregate with artificial aggregate. The research conducted on lightweight concretes based on fly ashes, and alkali-activated porous ash aggregate is also presented.

Alternative dispute resolution procedures in the system of legal forms of environmental conflict resolution

In this study, an analysis of the legal mechanisms for the settlement of environmental-legal conflicts was carried out, taking into account the peculiarities of environmental legal relations and the environmental-legal regulation of these relations. The effectiveness of the application of traditional forms of dispute resolution - judicial and administrative - based on the resolution of disputes based on the law, and alternative mechanisms based on the principle of conflict resolution by comparing and finding a balance between public, state and private interests is analyzed. A comparative analysis of these forms was carried out in terms of the effectiveness of solving environmental and legal conflicts.It has been reasonably proven that the concept of sustainable development at the stage of ecoconflict settlement acquires a practical embodiment when conciliatory dispute resolution procedures are used. In this case, the result is compatible with the doctrine of sustainable development – a decision establishing the law, which to some extent reflects the interests of each of the parties to the conflict. It has been proven that such a law-making decision can be based on consensus (if the parties eventually adopted a decision that partially reflects the interest of each and an agreement was reached on the essence of the conflict) or compromise (the decision is based on understanding the essence of the problem, taking into account the interests, but not in full measure on its solution).It was concluded that it is necessary to develop consensual forms of environmental conflict resolution in national law enforcement practice, which should become a full-fledged alternative to judicial, administrative and other jurisdictional forms of dispute resolution. It is time to form an independent legal institute of environmental law, which will specialize in the settlement of environmental and legal conflicts, and will contribute to the introduction of an effective mechanism for managing environmental conflicts with maximum consideration of the legitimate socially acceptable interests of all participants.

A Legal Perspective on Sustainable Development and Urban Poverty in South Africa

The doctrine of sustainable development has its origins in the realm of international environmental law. This article considers its potential usefulness for the purposes of alleviating urban poverty in South Africa. Urban poverty is an endemic and persistent phenomenon in South African cities, which lack economic and social integration. In the realm of international sustainable development discourse, it has come to be acknowledged in more recent years that sustainable development is intertwined with issues of poverty. South African legislation and case law acknowledge sustainable development but do not consider its possible usefulness as an underpinning doctrine for urban poverty alleviation. The potential of the doctrine for this purpose has been justifiably questioned on several grounds. However, it is possible to conceptualise ways in which it can be deployed as a theoretical basis for initiatives towards such alleviation. It is argued in this article that all three branches of government in South Africa should play a role in achieving this.

A Legal Perspective on Sustainable Development and Urban Poverty in South Africa

The doctrine of sustainable development has its origins in the realm of international environmental law. This article considers its potential usefulness for the purposes of alleviating urban poverty in South Africa. Urban poverty is an endemic and persistent phenomenon in South African cities, which lack economic and social integration. In the realm of international sustainable development discourse, it has come to be acknowledged in more recent years that sustainable development is intertwined with issues of poverty. South African legislation and case law acknowledge sustainable development but do not consider its possible usefulness as an underpinning doctrine for urban poverty alleviation. The potential of the doctrine for this purpose has been justifiably questioned on several grounds. However, it is possible to conceptualise ways in which it can be deployed as a theoretical basis for initiatives towards such alleviation. It is argued in this article that all three branches of government in South Africa should play a role in achieving this.

Improvement of Methodological Tools for Business Analysis of the Effective Company’s Performance

The subject of the paper is the improvement of methodological approaches to the formation of an objective assessment of the system of financial indicators that comprehensively reflect the achieved and projected level of development of economic entities. In these conditions, the issues of substantiating the perimeter and content of the information and analytical support system for the functions of operational and strategic business management are being updated. The purpose of the study is to develop methods of analysis and algorithms for calculating the most important characteristics of assessing the performance of economic entities for internal management and external stakeholders based on a complementary approach to the use of classical methods of forming a piece of information and analytical base by clarifying the values of the indicators used in financial and management reporting and supplementing the list of analytical indicators. To achieve the goal, the author has identified several tasks related to the critical analysis of the existing methodological apparatus for evaluating the performance of commercial organizations. Also, the author updated the content, and clarified the algorithms for calculating indicators to form reliable information and analytical base necessary for making managerial decisions by various subjects of business relations. The author analyzed the supplementing the system of analytical indicators for assessing and forecasting business performance in accordance with the doctrine of sustainable development; expansion of the model range of factor analysis to get a holistic view of the impact of external and internal drivers on the level of financial stability and profitability of business entities. To substantiate the scientific hypothesis, form methodological provisions within the scope of the research, generalize the empirical base and develop practical proposals, the research clarified and supplemented the algorithms for calculating several performance indicators traditionally used in analytical practice, as well as initial indicators of financial and management reporting, have been involved. The practical application of the proposed adjusted procedures for calculating indicators contributes to getting a reliable and aimed assessment of the quality of the management system of organizations in the real sector of the economy. Also, it promotes a reliable measurement of the influence of factors of the external and internal business environment on its effectiveness, the development of an optimal resource potential management policy in order to increase competitiveness, strengthen financial stability and increase investment attractiveness.

Ekonomi, Hukum dan Lingkungan Dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja

This study aims to identify and analyze the legal conception as a means of development as well as to analyze the nature of the relationship between the economy, law and the environment contained in the Job Creation Law. This study uses normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study conclude, first, that development efforts carried out by the government should focus on the doctrine of sustainable development which is supported by an understanding of development law which will later become the government's insight in realizing sustainable economic growth. Second, the Job Creation Law, which is expected to be able to answer the problems of the times, does not work as desired because the development approach used prioritizes economic interests without paying attention to the environmental impact of economic activities.

Аналіз соціальної та енерго- і природозбережної ефективності реалізації біогазової технології

The development of the biogas market in Ukraine is expected to allow to replace 2.6… 18 billion m3 of natural gas per year, which will enhance the country’s energy security, create new jobs, economic development of the regions, allow to cover peak loads in the electricity grid, utilize plant waste, as well as some food industry waste. Biogas technologies are properly integrated into the UN Doctrine of Sustainable Development. The cycle of one of them is the beginning of the second cycle. This results in virtually complete waste-free production and intensification of production at a sufficient distance from the dynamic ecosystem equilibrium boundaries. Such a comprehensive approach, from the point of view of UN experts, when waste and by-products of one production act as raw materials or semi-finished products for another, will be able to completely solve the problem of sustainable development of society The main constituent effects (products) of biogas technology are analyzed: socio-ecological, agrotechnical (biofertilizer), energy. The exergy method of complex estimation of efficiency of biogas technology is formulated. A generalized functional diagram of biogas technology is proposed. The effectiveness of different options for utilization of biogas produced, including the use of direct combustion heat generators, internal combustion engines, steam turbine, gas turbine and microturbine installations, triggering systems, as well as technologies for biomethane production and its addition to the gas supply network are analyzed. According to the results of the research, rational variants of biogas utilization for biogas plants of different sizes have been identified. Groups of factors of influence on the processes of methanogenesis in biogas plants have been established. Physical factors of influence on the intensity of the fermentation process are analyzed. Technical and organizational solutions for improving the efficiency of biogas plants are proposed.

Densification of cities as a method of sustainable development

The way of the Earth’s resources are used is one of the basic elements determining the quality of today’s economy. Problems related to the urbanization are among the main areas affecting the preservation of development potential for the future generations, which from the start have been taken into account in the doctrine of sustainable development. The growth of the human population and also civilizational transformations require an increase in the volume of buildings and urban areas, which is an inherent part of the development. However, it is important in what way the development of the built environment takes place. The problem of urban sprawl occurs globally not only in regions with high and increasing population density, but also in regions with a declining population, e.g. in Europe. The urban sprawl reflects an inappropriate and unsustainable way of using the environment and its resources, not only depleting the Earth’s natural assets and reducing ecosystems, but also adversely affecting people’s quality of life and health, and contributing to the social problems. This creates specific requirements for a spatial policy regulating not only the design and implementation of new cities and settlements, but also the management of already urbanised areas, which are also undergoing development and transformation processes affecting on the way they are used on. The article focuses on a strategy of densification of cities, as a method of ensuring their sustainable development allowing better use of the potential of the natural assets which are already being exploited, and to reduce the need for new resources. Four methods of densification the urban areas were distinguished and characterised: - increasing the efficiency of the use of the existing buildings by transforming their functions (changing functions, adapting unused space), - building up on free spaces in the city (construction, extension, infill), - transforming space below and over existing buildings (downward and upward extensions), - replacement of existing buildings (demolition of existing and construction of new buildings). Advantages and disadvantages of the relevant methods were discussed and the determinants for their application were defined. In each case, in order to use the methods of urban densification, it is necessary to perform a proper diagnosis of the initial situation and prediction of a development scenario and also appropriate formal regulations allowing for densification within the limits set by the sustainability criteria. Reasonable densification of cities or their parts is an important and effective way to support sustainable development.

Вклад стран и регионов мира в мировую эмиссию CO2 как один из индикаторов изменений в глобальной геоэкологической панораме

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are currently considered by the UN and other authoritative international organizations engaged in monitoring changes in the Earth’s biogeosphere as one of the main indicators of the global environmental situation. According to the official Doctrine of Sustainable Development, anthropogenic CO2 emissions are one of the main causes of global warming. The article examines the dynamics of CO2 emissions by countries and regions of the world from the 1970s to the 2010s. The correlation between the volume of CO2 emissions and changes in the overall territorial distribution of the world economy has been demonstrated. Over the past fifty years, the geography of anthropogenic CO2 emissions by countries and macro-regions of the world has changed dramatically. The share of the most economically developed countries in the volume of CO2 emissions has decreased. The main epicenter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions has shifted to the countries belonging to the semi-periphery of the world. The movement of the main foci of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on the world map reflects qualitative shifts in the global geoecological panorama over the past fifty years. The dynamics and spatial transformation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is an illustration of the long-term trend of the change from negative to positive through the cycle of multidirectional shifts of one of the many ecologically significant processes on Earth.

МЕТОД ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ НАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНИХ РОБІТ В УМОВАХ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ РИНКУ ЗАСОБІВ МІКРОМОБІЛЬНОСТІ)

The spread of the doctrine of sustainable development in society has led to a change in approaches to activities, giving priority to resource and energy conservation, eco-orientation, socio-economic and humanistic aspects. This highlighted the need to develop methodological support for assessing the end result of innovative projects, when economic, environmental indicators and compliance with social needs of consumers are important. The market of electric scooters is considered, which, from the ecological point of view, are mainly considered as an alternative to the use of mechanisms with internal combustion engines (motorbikes, scooters, etc.). A method for evaluating the R&D results based on the principles of sustainable development, which: takes into account the level of implementation of sustainable development goals during the development and commercialization of R&D results and is formalized in the pricing structure; allows you to objectively determine the place of the product on the basis of sustainable development in a changing competitive market. The method was tested on the example of a three-wheeled electric scooter for people with disabilities, created by specialists of the Lviv Polytechnic National University. To do this: the factors of sustainable development are established, their ranking is done and the impact on the object of study is determined; marketing research of the market of micromobility for people with disabilities, with the allocation of its segment – electric scooters has been conducted; formalized apparatus for the method of competitive methodological approach to pricing based on sustainable development goals has been developed. The proposed method of economic evaluation of R&D results creates a basis for making flexible management decisions based on sustainable development, allows to take into account its components: economic, environmental and social.

Sustainable Development & Construction Industry

One of the key policies of many governments the world over is sustainable development in construction. This is due to the fact that the construction industry alone has a tremendous impact in the way the natural environment is affected by human activities whenever construction takes place, the surrounding environment will get affected. Due to this, the emphasis has been placed on sustainable development and both the need and responsibility of citizens and companies alike to do their utmost to reduce or minimize the impact human activities can have on the surrounding environment . The idea of sustainable development grew from numerous environmental movements in earlier decades and was defined in 1987 by the world Commission on Environment movements in earlier decades and was defined in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development (BrundtlandCommsission1987) as: This contributed to the understanding that sustainable development encompasses a number of areas and highlights sustainability as the idea of environmental, economic and social progress and equity, all within the limits of the world’s natural resources . In short sustainability means meeting the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Objective of the research are: 1. To critically analyze impact of construction projects 2. To study the doctrine of sustainable development in the light of judicial perspective 3. To frame construction environmental policy

05/00848 Integrating environmental protection and exploitation of natural resources: reflections on the evolution of the doctrine of sustainable development

05/00848 Integrating environmental protection and exploitation of natural resources: reflections on the evolution of the doctrine of sustainable development

Integrating Environmental Protection and Exploitation of Natural Resources: Reflections on the Evolution of the Doctrine of Sustainable Development

The article examines the early attempts to optimise the use of natural resources and how they paved the way for the doctrine of sustainable development. First, the article explores treaties on the conservation of marine living resources that aimed to adjust the harvesting of marine resources to a level of avoiding overfishing while allowing rational exploitation. Secondly, it examines the evolution of the doctrine of reasonable and equitable utilisation in relation to international watercourses. Thirdly, it discusses the optimisation of the use and the conservation of living resources in general. Finally, the article deals with the optimisation approach in connection with the relationship between industrialised and developing countries.As a conclusion the article states that even though the tension between protection and exploitation still remains within the sustainable development regime, that tension is nevertheless manageable. Extending the focus to long-term considerations—present and future generations—sustainable development has become rational both in economic and ecological terms. Yet, as opposed to producing a harmony of interests, sustainable development rather provides a framework under which protection and exploitation interests can be coordinated.

Sustainable development in Indonesia: a case study of an indigenous regime of environmental law and policy

SUMMARY The tropical rainforests of Indonesia are threatened with deforestation caused by rapid economic development. Because this development hastens global warming and reduces biodiversity, it violates the doctrine of sustainable development. The Brundtland report, Our Common Future (Brundtland, 1987), defined sustainable development as ‘development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’. Sustainable development was adopted as the overarching world development policy of the 21st century at the Earth Summit in 1992, which introduced international accords to integrate economic development and environmental protection, manage and conserve the world's forests, stabilize production of the gases that cause global warming, and conserve the variety of living species. Indonesia views sustainable development with suspicion and is committed to economic development on the Western model. Sustainable development advocates, however, seek to ...