Interpretation Of Doctrine Research Articles

The offender as an element of a criminal offence under Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the subject of collaborative activity (criminal offender) as an element of a criminal offence under Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The analysis of this element is aimed at identifying the specific legal features of the offender of collaborative activity that affect its qualification and also determining the prospects for improving criminal law. It is noted that there are several problems arising from the provisions of Art. 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which has flaws regarding the definition of the subject of this criminal offence. Based on the doctrinal interpretation, it is proved that the offender of collaborative activity belongs to the category of special ones, namely, it may be a sane person who has reached the age of 16 and is a citizen of Ukraine. Concerning examples from court practice, the article consecutively examines all the features of the studied element of the criminal offence under Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In this context, the issue of lowering the age of criminal liability for certain types of collaborative activities, primarily in the military sphere, is raised. It is emphasised that additional reasons for doubting the sanity of a person who has committed collaboration are military factors, which can have a significant destructive effect on the human psyche. The situation of committing collaborative activity by a person who was in a state of partial insanity is considered. It is concluded that the possibility of complicity in the commission of collaborative activity may have widespread manifestations (given the nature of such activity, which is reflected in the interaction with the aggressor state representatives), and this is the most problematic aspect of the practice of qualifying collaborative activity. It is established that the offender of collaborative activity, by Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, is a citizen of Ukraine, despite the absence of a corresponding textual indication in Part 4 and Part 6 of Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. However, this legislative provision needs to be amended so that only a citizen of Ukraine can be considered a subject of collaborative activity.

Issues of legal regulation of audit public oversight in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the search for ways to resolve certain topical issues of legal regulation of public oversight of audit activities in Ukraine. In particular, there is a legal uncertainty in the part of financial and legal relations concerning the financing of activities of the bodies authorized to exercise public oversight of audit activities at the expense of contributions from audit entities providing audit services to certain specified categories of legal entities and their associations. It is substantiated that it is the shortcomings of legal technique made by the legislator when amending the Law of Ukraine ‘On Audit of Financial Statements and Auditing Activities’, which came into force on 1 January 2023, which led to legal uncertainty regarding the amount of fixed fees paid by audit entities to the Public Oversight Body for the provision of audit services to political parties receiving funding from the State budget, State-owned enterprises (except for those which are micro- and small-scale enterprises), and also to the fact that the latter are not subject to the requirements of the law. As a result, the Public Oversight Body may open unreasonable disciplinary proceedings against audit entities and impose penalties at the discretion of the public oversight officials with discretionary powers. Based on a systematic analysis of the provisions of the Law of Ukraine ‘On Audit of Financial Statements and Auditing Activities’, the author provides a doctrinal interpretation of these provisions on payment of contributions and concludes that legal uncertainty arose as a result of the shortcomings of legal technique made by the legislator in the course of drafting these provisions. The author proposes to introduce appropriate amendments to the relevant law which would eliminate this legal uncertainty. Prior to introducing the relevant amendments, the author substantiates the need for the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine as the State regulator in the field of audit activities to provide an official interpretation of the current rules.

Features of state financial control in the circulation of budget funds

Based on the study and analysis of scholars’ positions and legal provisions, this scientific article highlights the concept and features of state financial control in the sphere of budget funds circulation. The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the increasing importance of state financial control, as its effective application in managing state financial resources creates the necessary conditions for effective economic policy implementation. The article reveals such general concepts as state financial control in the circulation of budget funds, its features, tasks, functions, and forms. The aim of the author is to define state financial control in the sphere of budget funds circulation and to study its peculiarities. The work emphasizes that there is no definition of the basic category in the current legislation and among scholars, the diversity of doctrinal interpretations of the definition «state financial control» is striking, each highlighting separate features. Among scholars, there are different views on this issue, which can be grouped into several categories: state financial control as one type of financial control; specific managerial activity or system of certain actions; public sector institution of the economy. The research provides an author’s interpretation of state financial control in the sphere of budget funds circulation as a systematic activity of state authorities and specially authorized bodies aimed at ensuring the legality, rationality, and efficiency of budget funds circulation, oriented toward preventing, detecting, and stopping violations at the controlled object. The study considers and summarizes existing scientific views on the features of state financial control in the circulation of budget funds as a specific type of activity, including: defined subject composition of control bodies; list of subjects whose activities are subject to control; control object; control goal; control methods. Based on the analysis of the content of legislation and scientific works, the most important tasks, functions (analytical; informational; preventive; mobilizing; corrective; law enforcement; detection of deviations; analysis of causes of deviations), and forms of state financial control in the circulation of budget funds are analyzed, the most common classification of which is their division into preliminary (preventive), current (operative), and subsequent (retrospective).

Criminal liability for war crimes

The article provides a comprehensive theoretical and legal analysis of criminal liability for violations of the laws and customs of war, in light of contemporary challenges facing international humanitarian law. The relevance of this study arises from the need to enhance mechanisms of accountability for war crimes amidst modern armed conflicts and the importance of ensuring effective justice against war criminals. The research delves into the historical development of legal regulation for liability concerning breaches of war laws and customs, starting from the Hague Conventions to contemporary international legal instruments. Particular attention is given to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, which serve as a foundational pillar of modern international humanitarian law in protecting the rights of participants in armed conflicts. Through systematic analysis, the article outlines the distinct legal status of various categories of armed conflict participants (combatants, non­combatants, civilians, and prisoners of war) and the nuances of their protection under international humanitarian law. A detailed examination of the elements of the crime defined in Article 438 of Ukraine’s Criminal Code is conducted, with a specific focus on the contextual elements that characterize war crimes. The article addresses contentious aspects of the doctrinal interpretation of the contextual element in war crimes, exploring various academic perspectives on its nature and its place within the elements of the crime. The relationship between contextual circumstances and the objective and subjective aspects of war crimes is substantiated. The study also examines the specificities of different types of liability for violations of war laws and customs, including individual, collective, and state responsibility. It analyses the role of international judicial institutions in ensuring the inevitability of punishment for war crimes and highlights challenges in their effective operation. Based on the research, the authors propose improvements to mechanisms for criminal accountability regarding violations of war laws and customs and develop recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of international justice in this domain.

Religious Commodification in Social Experiments on Zavilda TV's YouTube Channel

Social media, including YouTube, has emerged as a significant aspect of contemporary lifestyles in society. Youtubers need to be able to present interesting content ideas in order to attract more viewers and advertisers. Zavilda TV YouTube Channel turns Islam into a content idea and commodifies it to attract more viewers. Religion and spirituality are no longer something exclusive, but have become a commodity and a public broadcast, used as an object and capital in the political economy of the media. Thus, this study aims to uncover realities that reflect the practice of commodification of religion in the Islamic social experiment targeting women. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review. Dialogue manuscripts, titles, video descriptions and thumbnails for Zavilda TV are research objects that are studied using observation and documentation methods. The study of the political economy of media and critical discourse analysis are used to uncover and explain commodification in a more critical and in-depth way. The results found in this study are forms of religious commodification in the form of religious symbols and Islamic songs, as well as religious reflections that are given to the target to make them willing to wear the headscarf. The issue of religious tolerance is also included in the content by targeting women of religions other than Islam to try wearing the headscarf. There is a relationship that is lamely built through the clothing of talent and targets like preachers and mad'u. Zavilda TV attempts to disseminate its understanding of religion. The channel asserts that its interpretation of religious doctrine is accurate and obligatory for all Muslim women, even if some of the remarks given tend to discriminate.

Relationship Stability in a Polish Cultural Setting: A Moderated Mediation Model of Acceptance of Transcendence, Sanctification, and Religious Literalism

This cross-sectional study involved 470 Polish, Catholic (90%), married (67%), or unmarried cohabiting (33%) individuals (237 women and 233 men) and is the first to examine whether and how two dimensions of individual religiousness (inclusion vs. exclusion of transcendence (IT) and symbolic vs. literal interpretation (SI)) as assessed by the Post-Critical Beliefs Scale are associated with the participants’ perceived stability of their marriages/intimate unions. As expected, greater affirmation of God’s existence as real (i.e., higher inclusion of transcendence) and greater literal interpretation of religious doctrines (i.e., lower symbolic interpretation) were each associated with greater perceived stability of marital/cohabiting unions. Also as expected, the former pathway was mediated by sanctification for both types of couples. However, the mediation pathway from the IT and from sanctification to relationship stability was markedly stronger for those with more literal views of religious doctrine only for married couples, and this complex moderator effect was not found for cohabiting couples. The findings imply that Polish individuals with a firmer belief that God exists and a more literal belief in Catholic teachings are more likely to view their intimate partnership as sanctified, which, in turn, is associated with a lower risk of union dissolution.

Sharing a Stage in the Arena of Agency

Abstract Exactly five hundred years ago today, Erasmus engaged with Martin Luther in a debate on free will that continues to inspire, even if it evokes a notion of freedom that is no longer ours in every respect. Emphasising the need for a common-sense reading of Holy Scripture that did not require making conjectures about the existence of hidden forms of divine justice inconsistent with our own, Erasmus confronted Luther with the fact that his “necessitating” notion of grace was not in any way representative of earlier theological positions acknowledging the notion of free will. Refusing to be drawn towards an interpretation of grace that denied human beings the ability to activate the full spectrum of their natural reaction patterns, Erasmus stayed clear of translating earlier theological positions on grace in terms of an overruling of human agency. His theology continued to inspire later generations to work on their moral development rather than to act out of fear for divine retribution. Despite his name as a sceptic and a rhetorician, Erasmus’ decidedly this-worldly interpretation of religious doctrine not only reveals his argumentative agility and deep theoretical insight; it also prompts a universalist approach in theology that consistently favours a predisposition towards the humane.

The role of administrative courts in ensuring legal security for marriage and family: comments in the context of article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland

The article is devoted to the role of administrative courts in ensuring the legal security of an individual in the area of family law. The aim of the analysis is to demonstrate the guarantee of the preservation by the Polish constitutional legislator of the traditional form of marriage as a union of a woman and a man and the family created on this basis (Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland). The article discusses the essence of legal security and the role of administrative courts in ensuring it, as well as the guarantee nature of the regulations of Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Against this outlined background, the thesis on the inadmissibility of institutionalization of same-sex unions is argued. Problems resulting from the judicial practice of administrative courts related to the transcription of a child's birth certificate are also discussed. The scientific research was conducted by using traditional methods of jurisprudence, primarily the formal-dogmatic method. The linguistic, systemic and teleological interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland was applied. The directions of operational interpretation resulting from the case law of administrative courts were discussed. The views found in the literature on the subject (doctrinal interpretation) were taken into account, too. According to the author, the perspective of legal security strengthens the arguments stemming from the linguistic and historical interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution and allows for a better justification of the inadmissibility of institutionalizing same-sex unions by means of a statute. Such a procedure seems particularly useful in the face of the growing tendencies in the law of other countries to eliminate the traditional form of marriage as a union of a woman and a man.

Queering the Rome Statute: Searching for the International Criminal Court’s Potential to Do Justice to Queer People

ABSTRACT The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) is tasked with holding individuals accountable for the perpetration of the most heinous international crimes. However, the Rome Statute does not provide express grounds for protecting queer people. This article examines to what extent the ICC can protect queer people, by adding a queer reading to doctrinal interpretations to trouble and problematise uncritical legal protection. The crime of genocide and the crime against humanity of persecution serve as the main sources of study, in addition to international human rights law due to its connection with the Rome Statute. The queer reading demonstrates that despite the ICC’s ability to protect queer people in some ways, the interpretations of the Rome Statute are limited in their potential to do justice to queer people. As such, this article ventures out into a discussion on the possibility for the ICC to ever provide justice for queer people by navigating queer abolitionist critiques. It argues for an approach that de-centres the ICC, thereby creating space for legal transformation to resist queer erasure, whilst simultaneously looking for alternative (re)imaginings that queer abolitionism creates.

What we talk about when we talk about ‘human shields’: Reading international law through images

AbstractThis article advocates a turn to the visual in legal scholarship. The phenomenon used to elucidate this methodological proposition is the figure of the ‘human shields’ under international humanitarian law, viewed from within the lived history of the peoples of the Global South. Today, the ‘human shields’ notion profoundly shapes how international law operates in scenes of intense organized violence. Once deployed, the human shields claim triggers a radical shift in the applicable international legal framework. After this point, harm to the civilian population and space can be legally authorized and justified. This article challenges the ways in which the ‘human shields’ notion continues to be debated in mainstream legal scholarship and discourse in terms of doctrinal interpretation, examination of evidence, or analyses of ‘asymmetricity’ and ‘urbanization’ as ‘challenges’ in ‘contemporary’ war. Before any such inquiries, I argue, it is crucial to pay attention to the visual and the lived history of the peoples of the Global South. Images that exist in the cultural realm – of and about war and crime, the human shielding spectacle and its actors, and Global South societies – structure and delimit the legal conversation and predetermine its possible outcomes. I propose, in sum, an attention to the visual as a site of the legal inquiry that can inform our understanding and critique of the law and politics of human shields. Images enable, rationalize and provoke the emotions necessary for an ‘exceptional’ operation of international law that authorizes massive violence against Global South spaces and peoples.

‘Deception as to Gender’: A Review of Proposed Revisions to CPS Legal Guidance on Rape and Serious Sexual Offences

This article considers recent proposed revisions to Crown Prosecution Service legal guidance on ‘Deception as to Gender’, that were put out for public consultation in September 2022. It does so against a backdrop of a series of sexual offence prosecutions brought against young LGBTQ people since 2012. These prosecutions, especially those brought against trans people, have been widely criticised. The article offers an assessment of the merits of the proposed revisions and their likely impact on prosecution decision-making, if implemented. The article will proceed as follows. Part 2 will provide some background context regarding prosecutions of this type. Part 3 will set out the current law pertaining to sexual fraud. Part 4 will provide a detailed analysis of the proposed revisions and will consider their likely impact on the practice of prosecution, if implemented. The article will argue that, while the proposed revisions strike a better balance between the interests of cis complainants and trans suspects charged with sexual offences, they continue, in important ways, to approach questions of evidence through hetero and cisnormative lenses to the detriment of trans and LGBQ suspects, and they provide a questionable pro-prosecution interpretation of legal doctrine concerning the proper scope of ‘deception as to gender’.

Exploring the Economic, Social, and Moral Justice Ramifications of the Warhol Decision

Beyond rectifying the interplay of the derivative work right and fair use, Justice Sotomayor’s vigorous, direct, and, at times, combative parrying with the dissent in Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. v. Goldsmith drove a dagger into the free culture movement’s critique of copyright law. The resulting decision repudiates the movement’s campaign to undermine the derivative work right through a simplistic transformativeness shortcut for applying the fair use doctrine. As this Article explains, the Copyright Act’s drafters enhanced the financial rewards to, economic power of, and control of copyrighted works by authors through the grant of a bundle of exclusive rights, including a broad exclusive right to prepare derivative works. The Act tempered those rights through limiting doctrines, express recognition and codification of the fair use doctrine, and a series of statutory limitations, exemptions, and compulsory licenses. The codification of fair use, however, was not intended to “change, narrow, or enlarge” the doctrine outside of its traditional bounds—criticism, commentary, news reporting, educational, and research uses—“in any way.” The legislative history further noted courts’ freedom “to adapt the doctrine to particular situations on a case-by-case basis,” “especially during a period of rapid technological change.” Congress saw licensing as a principal vehicle for supporting cumulative creativity and ensuring fair compensation to and control of derivative uses by authors. Notwithstanding this foundation and the Supreme Court’s faithful interpretation of the fair use doctrine in Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., the fair use doctrine veered off course as lower courts collapsed Campbell’s nuanced framework into a simplistic transformativeness analysis. The collision of this approach with the derivative work right prompted the Supreme Court’s intervention. The resulting Warhol decision reinforced the economic and social empowerment undergirding the 1976 Act. After tracing the emergence of the free culture movement and the devolution of the fair use doctrine, this Article explores the economic, social justice, and moral right dimensions of the copyright regime reflected in the Warhol decision.

CRIMINAL ANALYSIS OF PREMEDITATED BANKRUPTCY: ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CRIME

The article examines theoretical and applied problems of criminal liability for deliberate bankruptcy (Article 196 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) with an emphasis on the features of doctrinal interpretation and regulatory regulation. Scientific understanding of the stated problem pursued the goal of expanding the extensive fundamental knowledge already achieved by criminal legal thought about the essential features of the elements of its composition. Within the framework of the research objectives, through systemic, functional and logical-legal analysis, a systemic relationship between intentional bankruptcy in its contradiction and unity with the categories of bankruptcy legislation was identified. The conclusion is substantiated that those provided for in Art. 196 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, a socially dangerous act is a crime committed with the aim of illegally obtaining benefits in the form of the final liquidation of an organization, or avoiding liability for non-payment of debt.

Stewards, defenders, progenitors, and collaborators: Courts in the age of democratic decline

AbstractIn this introductory essay to the special issue of Law & Policy, “Global Perspectives on Judicial Politics and Democratic Backsliding,” we critically examine the paradoxical role of courts during episodes of democratic backsliding. Despite operating without direct democratic accountability—relying instead on legal precedents and doctrinal interpretations—courts are pivotal in defending democratic integrity during episodes of backsliding. This issue, featuring 10 articles by 15 scholars, offers a comprehensive and nuanced analysis of judicial politics of autocratization. Half of the articles deal directly with the U.S. judiciary, highlighting its unique standing that allows it to both enable and resist democratic backsliding. The other half of the issue explores case studies from Europe, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, highlighting a great deal of variability of tactics, approaches and outcomes. Published during a critical electoral year in 2024, this collection emphasizes the need for ongoing research into the judiciaries' dual capacity to both safeguard and undermine democratic norms.

ON EQUALITY OF THE PARTIES WHEN RETURNING A CRIMINAL CASE FROM THE MAIN TRIAL STAGE TO THE PRELIMINARY HEARING STAGE

The author of the article, who took part in the constitutional proceedings as an expert, sets out the key provisions of her conclusion at the preliminary stage of consideration of the appeal to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan by citizen R.A. Naushabayeva. Reasoned provisions, conclusions and recommendations of the expert opinion prepared by him are presented, based on the analysis of relevant international and national regulatory legal sources of legislation, the study of special literature and the doctrinal interpretation of the relevant norms of legislation in the field of criminal and criminal procedural law.

On the value orientations of the Russian version of human rights

The article proposes several ideas that make up the ideological, legal, and ethical prerequisites, which, in the author’s opinion, have a significant impact on the formatting and reformatting of the construction of human rights in the modern Russian version. Regulatory and law enforcement decisions are used as demonstration samples of the results of this impact, mainly from the field of family and work, including their doctrinal interpretation. Among these guidelines are the ideas of national sovereignty of approaches to human rights, their constitutional and judicial interpretation based on discretion, «weighing» public and private interests, as well as the actual development of ambiguous rights and freedoms, strengthening the role of the duty structure, subtle interaction of formal legal, ethical and religious principles.

The Concept of the Intermarium and the Confessional Issue: Geopolitical Challenges to Belarusian Orthodoxy in ХХ – early ХХI century

The article discusses the problems of merging geopolitics and religion. Using the example of Belarusian Orthodoxy, the author shows how religious institutions can become instruments for the implementation of geopolitical strategies, in particular the Polish foreign policy doctrine of the Intermarium. The influence of this doctrine on the position of the Orthodox Church in the Baltic-Black Sea region, including on the territory of Belarus, is analyzed. The author examines the specific historical conditions of the periodic actualization of Polish geopolitical projects in relation to Belarus. Using some examples, he shows the technologies of the United States working with the Belarusian anti-Soviet emigration and the technologies of using religious institutions to implement geopolitical strategies. It is concluded that modern interpretations of the Intermarium doctrine are directly related to the policy of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in relation to the East Slavic territories associated with the Kiev Metropolis of the XV–XVII centuries. The assessment of the activities of the primate of the Orthodox Church in Poland on the Ukrainian-Belarusian lands in the first half of the 1940s is new for domestic and foreign historiography as an attempt to build a “church Intermarium”. The article contains unique materials about the anti-Soviet activities of the Belarusian emigration, its contradictions and splits. The findings actualize the issue of developing mechanisms to counteract manipulative influence against the Orthodox Church, carried out in order to achieve political benefits. Based on the results of the consideration of the problem, a recommendation is proposed regarding the need for planned systematic work to strengthen church immunity against external manipulative influence, fraught with disruption of social and confessional balance in the Republic of Belarus.

Процессуальные возможности для заключения между сторонами оспоримой сделки реституционного соглашения об «иных последствиях» ее недействительности

The author considers the rules of paragraph 3, Art. 431.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in the context of its doctrinal interpretation and judicial enforcement. At present, neither in science nor in practice there is a uniform view as to what procedural mechanism should be used for exercising the rights of the parties to a voidable transaction to conclude an agreement on other consequences of its invalidity (restitution agreement). The author has made an attempt to derive an alternative formula for the procedural implementation of the norm of paragraph 3 of Art. 431.1 by referring to the background of the emergence of the norm in civil legislation, the specifics of the restitutionary legal relationship and the transformational features of the decision to invalidate a voidable transaction, and has developed specific proposals. For instance, based on the experience of German civil procedure, the concept of “partial solutions” is proposed for being introduced into procedural legislation.

An Original Synthesis of the Teaching of the Second Vatican Council. 50th Anniversary of the Publication of Card. Karol Wojtyła’s “Sources of Renewal”

The article shows that monograph “Sources of Renewal. The Implementation of Vatican II” by Karol Wojtyła is an innovative interpretation of the conciliar doctrine, aimed at deepening the awareness of faith and forming a Christian attitude of responsibility for the revealed truth and for the community of the Church. In presenting this issue, reference is made to reviews of the book published in Poland and abroad, noting also the genesis of the monograph and the history of its editions and translations into foreign languages. Such a perspective, without entering into a substantive analysis of the book’s content, nevertheless entitles one to conclude that Wojtyła’s monograph is an undervalued position in the contemporary discussion about Vatican II, as well as for understanding John Paul II’s pontificate as an intellectual and pastoral process of conciliar reception. Therefore, in-depth studies on the monograph are needed, as well as further editions of the monograph with an appropriate introduction and indexes to facilitate its reading.

Criminal Liability for Assisting in the Execution of Decisions of International Organizations in which the Russian Federation does not Participate

In May 2023, Article 284.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation came into force that declared criminal offense for «assistance in the execution of decisions of international organizations in which the Russian Federation does not participate, or foreign government bodies.” The syntactic construction chosen by the legislator does not make it possible, using a literal interpretation, to unambiguously determine the range of actions the commission of which entails criminal punishment. The history of the emergence and approval of the initiative to include Art. 284.3 demonstrates a serious problem in modern lawmaking: the unexpected appearance and hasty adoption of projects that are not discussed in the legal community and do not receive proper expert assessment.Goals and objectives of the study: to substantiate the doctrinal interpretation of the objective side of the act described in Art. 284.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as formulate proposals aimed at limiting the manifestations of so-called hasty lawmaking in the criminal legal sphere. During the research, the author was guided by the principles of the dialectical method of cognition (objectivity and comprehensiveness of consideration of the object of study, historicism, the universal connection of phenomena, systematicity), used general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, description, generalization, classification, analogy) and special scientific (historical) legal, sociological, legal forecasting) methods, and at the same time historical, functional and systematic ways of interpreting the law.The assumption is substantiated that the emergence of the official interpretation of Art. 284.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the near future is unlikely, and a doctrinal interpretation is proposed, which may be in demand in criminal proceedings and investigative activities, as well as in preparing explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, relevant acts of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and a bill aimed at clarifying the text of the recently adopted criminal law. A number of proposals have been argued to introduce amendments and additions to the Rules of Procedure of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, aimed at limiting the passage of poorly substantiated bills with significant legal and technical flaws in the criminal legal field.