DMRT Test Research Articles

Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Sensoris Es Krim Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Dengan Subtitusi Pemanis Ekstrak Daun Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni M.) dan Berbagai Jenis Stabilizer

This study aims to determine the effect of sweetener concentration, various types of stabilizers and their interactions on proximate, antioxidant and sensory content of ice cream. The study was conducted using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor is the comparison of sweetener concentration with 3 levels of 100% sugar sweetener (D1), 50% sugar sweetener: 50% stevia extract sweetener (D2) and 100% stevia extract sweetener (D3) while the second factor is the type of stabilizer with 3 levels namely, agar. - agar (S1), Gelatin (S2) and CMC (S3). The results obtained were analyzed using the F test and followed by the DMRT test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the comparison of sweetener concentration (D) and treatment interaction (DxS) had a significant effect. While the sensory analysis has a significant effect on the texture, taste, overall variables and does not significantly affect the aroma variable. The best treatment in the proximate analysis of sensory analysis is the treatment of using 50% sugar and 50% stevia and agar-agar (D2S1) stabilizer with the organoleptic score of fragrance, texture, taste and preference respectively were 3.80 (normal); 3.60 (slightly soft); 3.80 (good); 4.10 (liked), and the Physicochemical value of overrun, melting time, fibre content, viscosity, antioxidant, and sugar content respectively were 42,5%; 14,06 minutes; 0,3107%; 1,217 cP; 11,65%; 20,33%.

Effectiveness of Using Chicken Manure and Organic Liquid Fertilizer in Ciplukan Plant Cultivation (Physalis angulata L.)

The ciplukan plant is a herbal medicinal plant for improving digestion, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, orchitis, ulcers, ulcers, cancer, tumours, leukaemia, and diabetes. Optimal cultivation of ciplukan plants is needed to see the benefits obtained for health. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using chicken manure and Organic Liquid Fertilizer (OLF) to cultivate ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) plants. This study is a completely randomized factorial experimental study (CRD) with two factors and three replications. The treatment factor consisted of two factors: the use of chicken manure and OLF with three replications. Parameters in the study included plant height, number of leaves, wet bottom stover, the weight of dry bottom stover, number of fruits, and fruit weight. ANOVA analysis was carried out to determine the effect of chicken manure and OLF and continued with the 5% DMRT test on significantly different results. The results showed that chicken manure and OLF had a very significant effect on all observation parameters. The best growth in the A2C2 treatment was plant height 74.67 cm. The best crop yields were in the A2C2 treatment with an average number of 37 fruits and average fruit weight of 780 grams per plant.

The utilization of young-harvested purple corn for dodol processed to support functional food diversification

Young-harvested purple corn can be processed to some products, including traditional processed dodol in Indonesia, that very liked by all people until now. The superiority of purple corn dodol is it has component of anthocyanin that has antioxidant activities. The ingredient using young-harvested purple corn. The method using complete randomize design, factor I extractor water P (300ml, 400 ml, 500ml), factor II heating duration L (15 minutes, 25 minutes, 35 minutes), each intervention done by 3 times repeating, cooked in boiled temperature. The data analyze using Anova, and continue with DMRT test. The level of panelists’ acceptance using organoleptic test with display parameter of colour, smells, texture, and taste test. The result of this research showed that the intervention which very liked by panelists was P1L1 500g of corn extracted by 300 ml of water with heating duration about 15 minutes, with component of water 24.86%, ash 0.44%, protein 5.98%, and high relative anthocyanin 4.04 (μg/g). Dodol processed of purple corn can be developed to instant product, with proper packaging can support functional food product diversification that has high sale value.

Performance of Laying Hen Eggs on the Addition of Sprouts at Wakhid Farm, Magetan Regency

This study aimed to determine the performance of laying hen eggs on the addition of sprouts at Wakhid Farm, Magetan Regency. This research was conducted at Wakhid Farm, Magetan Regency. Sprouts were soaked for 1 day before being given to the treatment feed. This study used 4 types of treatment and each treatment consisted of 4 replications. P0 is control (50% corn + 15% bran + 35 concentrate), P1 is 50% corn + 15% bran + 35% concentrate + 5% sprouts, P2 is 50% corn + 15% bran + 35% concentrate + 10% sprouts and P3 which is 50% corn + 15% bran + 35% concentrate + 15% sprouts. Observation parameters include feed consumption, hen day production, egg weight and egg mass. Parameters observed in the study included feed consumption, egg production, hen day production, egg weight and egg mass. The research method used RAL (Completely Randomized Design) unidirectional pattern. The data obtained were then analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of variance). If there is a significant treatment effect, then proceed with the DMRT Test (Duncan Multiple Range Test) to determine the differences between treatments. The data obtained showed that the performance of different eggs for each treatment sample had a significant effect on feed consumption, hen day production, egg weight and egg mass. The results showed that feed consumption was between 118.7 – 118.5 grams/day/head, hen day production was between 79.46 – 90.17%, egg weight was between 57.08 – 60.47 grams and egg mass was 43.94 – 56.55 grams. The conclusion was that the addition of sprouts did not affect feed consumption, hen day production and egg mass and had a significant effect on egg weight..

The Effect of Fermentation Length and Dosage of Liquid of Organic Fertilizer Banana Peel on the Growth of Red Spinach (Amaranthus Tricolor L.)

Fertilizer substitutes elements that have been used by plants. There are two available fertilizers, inorganic and organic fertilizers. Long-term use of inorganic fertilizers on a land negatively affects the crop and the soil fertility, hence, the organic one is a better choice. This study aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer of banana peels on the growth of red spinach and determine the best treatment for red spinach growth. This study used a Completely Randomized Design consisted of 2 factors (dosage of POC banana peel and length of fermentation time). Each has 4 levels, 3 replicates. The results of data analysis using ANOVA test show that the treatment of fermentation length and dosage of POC banana peel increase growth parameters of red spinach include plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight, while the interaction treatment of fermentation length and dosage of POC banana peel affects almost all growth parameters, except for the leaf area parameter that shows no interaction. DMRT (α 5%) test shows that the best combination treatment for plant height and fresh weight is a dosage of 8 ml POC of banana peel that have been fermented for 15 days, and the best treatment for leaf number and dry weight is a dosage of 8 ml POC of banana peel that have been fermented for 10 days.

Analisis Kandungan Proksimat Daging Buah dan Biji Tiga Varietas Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) yang Berasal dari Tempat Tumbuh yang Berdekatan

Studies to compare the proximate content of durian fruit flesh and seeds have not been widely employing. Hence, this study aimed to analyze and compare this content in fruit flesh and seeds of three durian varieties from adjacent growing areas. The following methods used for proximate analysis were carbohydrates (by difference), protein (micro Kjeldahl), lipid (soxhlet), crude fiber (washing), moisture content (oven), ash content (furnace). In evaluating the difference in proximate content in these parts of three durian varieties, the resulting data were tested statistically using ANOVA =5%, followed by the DMRT test. In determining the difference in the proximate content between the fruit flesh and durian seeds, the independent samples T-test was used with =5%. All data collected were then compared with the USDA National Nutrient and the Directorate of Nutrition at the Ministry of Health databases. The results showed that three durian varieties from adjacent growing areas had significantly different protein and carbohydrate content (in fruit flesh), ash content, protein, and carbohydrates (in seeds). The flesh part of the three varieties of durian contains water, protein, fat, crude fiber, which is significantly different from durian seeds. This study is higher than the comparison data

Ultrafine Bubbles Technology for Breaking Dormancy of Sandalwood Seeds (Santalum album L.

Sandalwood seed has two types of dormancy, namely physical dormancy and physiological dormancy which is a combination of the Two-part is called morph oph ysiological dormancy. T here is fo r breaks dormancy in sandalwood for earlier embryo maturation and elongation also it has hard and impermeable skin. Its structure consists of layers of thick-walled palisade-like cells especially on the outermost surface and the inside has a waxy coating and curse material. The objective of this study was to break of seed dormancy with technology Ultrafine Bubbles (UFB) on the morphophysiological dormancy on sandalwood seeds. The experiments used a randomized complete block designed (RCBD) with 3 replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and will be continued using the DMRT test at the 5% level. The research was conducted from February - March 0f 2020. The results showed that immersion using UFB water with oxygen 20 ppm or either UFB free oxygen for 24 and 48 hours combined with physical scarification and chemical scarification could accelerate germination in 13 days after germination ( appeared radicle ), percentage of growth speed (GS) is 4 . 67% , m aximum growth (MG) in 21 days after sowing is 66 . 67% with normal sprouts 2-4 leaves have grown .

Screening of some Indonesian medicinal plant extracts for anti quorum sensing activity to prevent Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract. Pangastuti A, Sari SLA, Budiharjo A, Fitri ST, Sayekti P, Putri SR. 2021. Screening of some Indonesian medicinal plant extracts for anti quorum sensing activity to prevent Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Oreochromis niloticus. Biodiversitas 22: 3517-3522. Aeromonas hydrophila disease is a threat to Indonesia's aquaculture and fishing industries because of its results in mass deaths. Efforts to treat and prevent A. hydrophila infection in fish have so far been limited to the use of antibiotics. The use of these antibiotics can result in bacterial resistance as well as issues related to fish quality and environment. Another option is to target the bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system, a bacterial intercellular communication system that uses signal molecules, regulates the expression of A. hydrophila virulence factors such as exoprotease enzymes, elastase, and biofilms. The expression of A. hydrophila virulence factor can be inhibited by using QS inhibitor compounds, preventing infection from starting. The purpose of this study was to screen some Indonesian medicinal plant extracts for anti-QS activity and then use the selected extract to prevent A. hydrophila infection in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). With the administration of extract, QS inhibition was observed in vitro based on the production of violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum; enzyme exoprotease, elastase, and the formation biofilm in A. hydrophila. Tilapia fishes were fed with extract supplementation and then infected with A. hydrophila in an in vivo infection challenge test. These test fishes were divided into six treatment groups given a different concentration of extract in feed (Healthy fish with a concentration of 0 g/100 g of feed as control; infected fish with a concentration of 0 g/100 g of feed; infected fish with a concentration of 0.2 g/100 g of feed; infected fish with a concentration 0.4 g/100 g of feed; infected fish with a concentration of 0.6 g/100 g of feed; infected fish with a concentration of 0.8 g/100 g of feed). Fish were reared for 2 weeks with the frequency of feeding 3 times a day. The variables observed included fish survival rate, behavior (swimming, agility, movement, and frequency of operculum opening), and morphology of the test fish. Data analysis of virulence factors production, fish survival rate, fish appetite, and frequency of operculum opening was carried out using the ANOVA variant test, continued with a 5% DMRT test. Others were analyzed descriptively. Of all the extracts studied, 4 extracts showed inhibition of the production of the violaceum pigment in C. violaceum. Muntingia calabura leaves extract was chosen for further testing due to its ease of availability and safety. The extract was significantly decreased the production of A. hydrophila caseinolytic and elastolytic protease, but had no effect on biofilm formation. In vivo challenge test with A. hydrophila showed better survival rate and fish condition in fish groups that were supplemented with M. calabura extract.

The Influence of Various Growth Regulators on Induction Organogenic Callus from Gajah and Kuning Cassava Genotype (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Kuning and Gajah genotypes are two collections of cassava in the Biotechnology Research Center for Germplasm, LIPI with the advantages of each genotype are high beta carotene and high production. The multiplication in in vitro culture can be done one of them through organogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using 2,4-D; NAA and Kinetin are used singly for the formation of organogenesis of cassava in the Kuning Cassava and Gajah genotypes. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Modification of Plant Biosynthetic Pathways, Biteknologi Research Center, LIPI, Bogor since January - February 2018. The source of explants were young leaves and petiols from cassava plant culture in vitro genotypes of Gajah and Kuning yam which were three months old. in culture. The basic media used as a planting medium were Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with the addition of growth regulators (ZPT) singly, 2,4-D, NAA and Kinetin with two concentrations of ZPT each, 8 and 10 mg L- 1 This research was arranged based on a completely randomized design factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. All data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and if there is an influence then proceed with the DMRT test with an error rate of 5% using the SPSS program. The highest number of Kuning genotype cassava organogenic callus that developed into shoots on the medium added by ZPT was 2.4 D and kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Formation of the best organogenic callus in petiol explants in the media with the addition of a single 2,4-D and Kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Keywords: Cassava, growth regulators, organogenic.

Gallic acid content in sapodilla fruit and seed (Manilkara zapota) and the correlation with germination control in recalcitrant seed

Abstract. Putri KF, Solichatun, Pitoyo A. 2021. Gallic acid content in sapodilla fruit and seed (Manilkara zapota) and the correlation with germination control in recalcitrant seed. Cell Biol Dev 5: 7-16. Sawo or sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) is a tropical fruit with many benefits. Sapodilla seed is classified as a recalcitrant but has a low storage capacity. The storability of seeds is influenced by moisture content and accumulation of germination inhibitor compounds present in the seeds. One of the inhibitor compounds is gallic acid. This study aims to determine the content of gallic acid in sapodilla fruit and seeds and its relation to the control of seed germination. There were two parts to the research; the first was to assess the level of gallic acid at different stages of sapodilla fruit development. The second part examined the effect of sapodilla seeds' ripening and storing period on gallic acid content and seed viability. The data were taken from the morphological characteristics of sapodilla fruit and seeds during the development period. The preparation of seed anatomy, measurement of seed moisture content, tetrazolium test, germination test, and analysis of gallic acid content in sapodilla fruit and seeds were also carried out. The content of gallic acid was measured using UV-vis spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed with the One Way ANOVA test, and if there was a significant difference, the DMRT test (Duncan Multiple Range Test) was continued with a test level of 5%. The Independent Sample T-Test analyzed data from seed germination and viability tests. This research revealed that the fruit parts, seed coats, cotyledons, and sapodilla seed embryos all contain gallic acid inhibitor compounds. The highest gallic acid content in sapodilla seeds was in the fruit, while the lowest was in the cotyledons and embryos. The gallic acid content in sapodilla fruit and seeds decreased during the development process and storage treatment. The seed storage treatment decreased the germination percentage of sapodilla seeds. That indicates that gallic acid plays a role in controlling sapodilla seed germination.

The effect of long germination on the levels and types of non-enzymatic antioxidants in red kidney bean sprouts

This study aims to explore the content of several types of non-enzymatic antioxidants in red kidney beans sprout based on duration germination. The complete randomized design study was carried out by red kidney beans sprout with germination duration variables of 0, 10, 20, and 30 hours. Red kidney bean sprouts are blended with water 8 times the amount, then filtered, so that red kidney bean sprouts extract is obtained. The phenolic content determinate using the Folin-Ciocalteu method; vitamin C testing using Iodometry; and fiber content by the proximate method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by the DMRT test if there was any significance with an error rate of 5%. The selection of products with the highest antioxidant content uses the effectiveness index test. The duration of germination increased the content of phenolic antioxidant (P <0.05), vitamin C (P <0.05), and fiber (P <0.05). Red kidney bean sprouts resulting from germination for 30 hours have the highest content antioxidants of phenolic, vitamin C, and fiber, respectively 583.85 mg GAE/L, 23.14 mg/100 mL, and 6.75%. Red kidney bean sprouts can be used as an ingredient of antioxidant-rich products that are useful for the prevention of degenerative diseases

Pengaruh Berbagai Perlakuan Nutrisi Larutan Hidroponik Pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica)

Hydroponic cultivation systems are often applied to overcome the shortage of agricultural land in this case food crops, especially vegetables. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is the one of various ways to grow crops hydroponically. Hydroponic systems are carried out without the use of soil media and it can be an alternative solution for the efficient use of land. Uniformity of nutrients and nutrient solution concentration levels required to be adjusted. Nutrient solution as a water supply source and minerals. Nutrition is an important factor for the growth and quality of hydroponic plants should be appropriate in terms of the number of ion composition of nutrients. This study aimed to determined the effect of various treatments of hydroponic nutrient solution on plant growth kale. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Kale seed sowing in the growing media rockwool and nourished by nutrient A, nutrient B, combination of nutrients A and B (3: 1), or a combination of nutrients A and B (1: 3). Plant growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, and dry weight without root measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance ANOVA and DMRT test with α = 95%. The results showed that affect the nutrient solution hydroponic plant growth kale. Kale plants with a combination of nutrient A and nutrient B ratio of 3: 1 (treatment C) give the best response compared with other treatments.

Optimization of Agricultural Waste Substrate as an Alternative Medium for Xylan in Producing Xylanase Enzymes by Thermophilic Bacteria

Xylanase enzyme is a thermostable enzyme produced by thermophilic bacteria which in this study used Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus SSA2 isolates. Xylanase enzyme is able to hydrolyze xylan into xylose and xylooligosaccharides. The use of xylan in large quantities was very ineffective because of the high price and low production at this time, therefore it was necessary to find a cheaper substrate, derived from agricultural waste and potentially as an alternative to replace xylan. The purpose of this research was to find a replacable substrate of xylan from agricultural waste containing hemicellulose. Xylan of extraction results from some agricultural waste are mixed into the fermentation medium. Extraction results that produce the most optimum enzyme activity will be treated to find the optimum concentration of the substrate. This research is an experimental study using RAL, where each treatment has 5 replications. Data on the results of enzyme activity were further analyzed by ANOVA test and and continued with DMRT test at a significant level of 0,05. The results showed that the the results showed that the administration of agricultural waste substrate as a substitute for xylan affected the xylanase enzyme activity, were straw substrate had the highest average of enzyme activity at 6,033 Unit/mL and the husk substrate had the lowest average of enzyme activity at 5,667 Unit/mL. Substrate concentration had no significant effect on xylanase enzyme activity.

DAMPAK PEMBERIAN ZPT DAN POC TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

This study aims to determine the ZPT and POC intractions that can affect the growth and production of onion plants. This reserch was carried out in Gurubenua Village, Munte District, Karo Regency, Nourth Sumatra, with a height of ±1175-1350 meters above sea level. This research was conducted from June 2019 to September 2019, using the Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method consisting of two regulatory factors, the first dose of ZPT with symbol A consisting of 4 levels, namely: No dosing (A0), 0,75ml/ liter of water (A1), 1,5ml/ liter of water (A2), and 2,25ml/ liter of water (A3). Second is the POC dose with the symbol P consisting of 4 levels, namely: Without dosing (P0), 1,5ml/ liter of water (P1), 3ml/ liter of water (P2), and 4,5ml/ liter of water (P3). Approved, 16 preparations were obtained, with two replications. The data analyzed the F test variance at the 5% level. If there is a significant difference (p˂0.05), then try to continue with the DMRT test. The results of the studyprove the need for a real implementation of ZPT (p˂0.005) for height plant variables per sample, number of leaves per plotand number of tubers per plot, and not significant (p˃0.005) for variable measurements of tuber diameter per sample, plant weight per sample and plant weight per plot. The treatment of submitting POC must be real (p˂0.005) of the plant height variable per sample, number of leaves per sample, number of tubers per sample, and plant weight per sample and not significant (p˃0.005) to the variable influence of tuber diameter per sample and plant weight per plot.

Effect of salinity on phenothypic soybean mutant character (Glycine max (L.) Merr)

Get saline-tolerant soybean seeds can be produced using soybean mutant seeds that are induced by chemical or physical mutations. This study used soybean mutant that has previously been chemically induced by colchicine which is expected to produce plants that able to adapt to saline soils. This field experiment was conducted on January-March 2020 in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with one treatment that are levels of salinity (0; 2; 4; 6 dS/m) with ten replicates for each treatment. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and then following by the DMRT test at 5% level. The results of this study show that increasing salinity can decrease phenotypic characters, were root length, root volume, root dry weight, canopy dry weight, and length of stomata. However, we discovered that soybean mutant can well grow at S3 (4 dS/m) as following the parameters were plants height (21.77cm), stem diameter (2.90cm), amount of stomata (42.67 stomata), and width of stomata (15.76 µm). Moreover, we discovered that the chlorophyll content of the soybean mutant increases until at 4 dS/m (7.67 g/ml).

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN DOSIS PUPUK NPK MUTIARA (16 – 16 – 16) dan PUPUK KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN dan HASIL TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica Juncea L)

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Mutira NPK fertilizer dosage (16-16-16) and Mabar compost fertilizer on the growth and yield of mustard plants (Brassica juncea L). This research will be conducted in Cingkes, Dolok Silau District, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra, with an altitude of + 1,150 m above sea level. This research will be conducted in October 2019 - November 2019. This research uses factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 2 treatment factors and 3 replications, namely: factor I with symbol (M) with a dose of M0: 0 gr / plot (control), M1: 18 gr, M2: 36 gr, M3 : 54 gr, and factor II with the symbol (K) with a dose of K0: 0 gr / plot (control), K1: 200 gr, K2: 400 gr, K3: 600 gr. So that obtained 16 treatment and repeated 3 times. Data from the observations were then performed analysis of variance with a F test of 5% level. If there is a significant difference (p <0.05), the test is continued with the DMRT test. The results showed that the treatment of the combination of NPK Mutiara fertilizer (16-16-16) and Mabar compost had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the variable growth of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, diameter hump.

DAMPAK PEMBERIAN ZPT DAN POC TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

This study aims to determine the ZPT and POC intractions that can affect the growth and production of onion plants. This reserch was carried out in Gurubenua Village, Munte District, Karo Regency, Nourth Sumatra, with a height of ±1175-1350 meters above sea level. This research was conducted from June 2019 to September 2019, using the Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method consisting of two regulatory factors, the first dose of ZPT with symbol A consisting of 4 levels, namely: No dosing (A0), 0,75ml/ liter of water (A1), 1,5ml/ liter of water (A2), and 2,25ml/ liter of water (A3). Second is the POC dose with the symbol P consisting of 4 levels, namely: Without dosing (P0), 1,5ml/ liter of water (P1), 3ml/ liter of water (P2), and 4,5ml/ liter of water (P3). Approved, 16 preparations were obtained, with two replications. The data analyzed the F test variance at the 5% level. If there is a significant difference (p˂0.05), then try to continue with the DMRT test. The results of the studyprove the need for a real implementation of ZPT (p˂0.005) for height plant variables per sample, number of leaves per plotand number of tubers per plot, and not significant (p˃0.005) for variable measurements of tuber diameter per sample, plant weight per sample and plant weight per plot. The treatment of submitting POC must be real (p˂0.005) of the plant height variable per sample, number of leaves per sample, number of tubers per sample, and plant weight per sample and not significant (p˃0.005) to the variable influence of tuber diameter per sample and plant weight per plot.

PENGARUH KOMBINASI PUPUK KANDANG AYAM dan PUPUK KANDANG SAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN dan PRODUKSI TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) VARIETAS BATU IJO

This research aims to determine the effect of combination of chicken manures and cow sheds to growth and production batu ijo shallot of varieties. The research was carried out in the field of Horticultural Seed Main Unit Kutagadung Berastagi, Berastagi District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra, in the elevation of ± 1,350 m above sea level. The research was conducted in June 2019 - August 2019. This research used the Non Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, was aplied: a combination of chicken manures and cow sheds, symbol (K): control (K0), 100% chicken coop (K1), 80% chicken coop + 20% cow shed (K2), 60% chicken coop + 40% cow shed (K3), 40% chicken coop + 60% cow shed (K4), 20% coop chicken + 80% cow shed (K5) and 100% cow shed (K6), seven treatments and four replications. Data obtained were performed analysis of variance with a F test of 5% level. The significant difference (p <0.05), results would be to the DMRT test. The results shownd that the treatment of the combination of chicken manure and cow shed had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the variable growth of plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of tubers, tuber diameter, production per sample, and production per plot. Howere the highest average was found in the treatment of 100% chicken coops (K1) and followed the treatment of 100% cow pens (K6).

RESPONSE OF THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF CIHERANG RICE (Oryza sativa L.) AND WEEDS ON THE DIFFERENT PLANTING METHODS AND WEEDING FREQUENCIES

This study aimed to observe the growth and yield of Chiherang rice (Oryza sativa L) and weeds in response of different planting methods and weeding frequencies. We conducted the study in Semampir, Argorejo, Sedayu Sub-district, Bantul District on April until August, 2018. We arranged field study using randomized complete block design in 3x2 factorials with 3 times repetition. First factor was Jajar legowo (J) stratified as 3 levels; 2:1 (J1), 4:1 (J2), dan 6:1 (J3). Second factor was weeding frequency in 2 levels which were 2 times in 14 and 70 hst (P1) and 3 times in 14, 49 and 70 hst (P2). Observed variables include Ciherang rice growth (plant height, total tillers, percentage of productive tillers, fresh and dried weight of each plant), components of rice yield (grain dry weight of each harvest, percentage of filled grains, yield of each hectares), and weeds (type of weeds, fresh and dry weight of weeds). We analyzed results using variance analysis with significant level of 5%, followed with 5% DMRT test. We found that application of jajar legowo planting method and weeding frequency do not correlates with all growth and weeding frequency variables of Ciherang rice and weeds. 2:1, 4:1 and 6:1 jajar legowo planting methods do not show significant impact both on Ciherang rice growth and yield, and also weeds. Both 2 times (14 and 70 hst) and 3 times (14, 49 and 70 hst) also do not have significant impact on all variables observed.Keywords: Jajar Legowo, Weeding Frequency, Ciherang Rice

THE GERMINATION OF SALAK (Salacca zalacca) SEEDS WITH CHEMICAL SCARIFICATION TREATMENT

This study aims to determine the effect of KNO3, H2SO4, and GA3 in breaking dormancy and germination of salak (Salacca zalacca) plants. In this study using a non-factorial randomized block design with one factor, namely P0 (control), P1 (KNO3 60%), P2 (KNO3 70%), P3 (KNO3 80%), P4 (H2SO4 60%), P5 (H2SO4 70%), P6 (H2SO4 80%), P7 (GA3 25 ppm), P8 (GA3 50 ppm), P9 (GA3 75 ppm), P10 (KNO3 60% and GA3 25 ppm), P11 (KNO3 70% and GA3 50 ppm), P12 (KNO3 80% and GA3 75 ppm), P13 (H2SO4 60% and GA3 25 ppm), P14 (H2SO4 70% and GA3 50 ppm), P15 (KNO3 60% and GA3 75). Parameters observed were germination, maximum growth potential, plant height, 
 number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width. Based on the results of the DMRT test at 5% level, it showed that each treatment had an effect on the chemical scarification treatment showing a significant effect on germination, maximum growth potential, plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width. However, it did not have a significant effect on the number of leaves at 12 WAP, leaf width at 11 and 12 WAP. Keywords: Plant Height, Leaves, Leaf Width