DMF Index Research Articles

Sociomedical and epidemiological analysis of patients aged 18-34 years visiting the dental office

Abstract Introduction. Carelessness in caring for oral cavity in adults may contribute to severity of dental caries, periodontal diseases and diseases of mucous membranes that pose a risk to health of both dental and systemic character. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between selected demographic factors and the cause of visiting the dental practitioner and the dental health status in adults. Material and methods. The study comprised 194 patients, aged 18-34 who visited in 2015 one of the dental offices in Lublin, which offers treatment under the framework of an agreement with the National Health Fund or for a fee. Gender, age, the place of residence and the reason for visiting the dental office were analyzed. The place of residence was a village, a town of less than 200 thousand inhabitants or the city of more than 200 thousand inhabitants. The reason for visiting the dental office was a checkup visit, loss of filling or a toothache. Dental condition was assessed by calculating the DMF index. The results were statistically analyzed. Results. In the group of respondents, women accounted for 53.62%, and men – 45.88%. The prevalence of dental caries was 100% and the incidence expressed by the mean DMF index was 14.64±5.78, and increased with age. The main reason for visiting the dentist for 65.46% of respondents was a check-up visit, for 17.53% – loss of filling and for 17.01% – a toothache. The lowest incidence of tooth decay was found in people visiting the dentist for a check-up, higher in patients appearing with the loss of filling and toothache. Conclusions. A high percentage of people visiting the dentist because of toothache, confirms the low level of health-related knowledge in adult patients. High incidence of tooth decay proves the need to intensify preventive measures against the carious disease in adults. It is necessary to intensify educational activities and programs addressed to the adult part of Polish society to prevent the development of dental caries.

Dental treatment needs in patients of a Lublin dental clinic aged 35-54

Abstract Introduction. Evaluation of the oral health among adult Poles carried out in the framework of the “National Monitoring of Oral Health and Its Determinants” study and the research results of clinical centers in Poland indicate that dental caries, periodontal diseases and missing teeth are a major health problem. Aim. The aim of the study was determining the reasons for reporting to the dentist of 35-54-year-old people, the assessment of dental health and prosthetic needs. Material and methods. The study comprised 154 patients aged 35-54 reporting in 2015 to the dental clinic in Lublin, which offers treatment financed by the National Health Fund or for a fee. Gender, age, the place of residence and the reason for the reporting to the dentist were analyzed. The place of residence was a village, a town of less than 200 thousand inhabitants or the city of more than 200 thousand residents. The reason for reporting to the dental clinic was a check-up visit, toothache or loss of filling. Dental condition was assessed by calculating the DMF index. The prosthetic state and needs were evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed. Results. Most patients reporting to the dental examination were women (59.09%) and residents of a big city (70.78%). More than a half of the patients (55.84%) had a check-up appointment, 25.32% appeared due to the loss of filling, and 18.83% - because of a toothache. The frequency of decay in the study group was 100% and the DMF index values ranged from 2.0 to 32.0, assuming an average of 21.18±5.02, and with the age the DMF index values increased. The highest number of decayed and extracted teeth were found in the rural population. Both residents of big cities and patients who reported for regular check-ups had the biggest number of fillings. Conclusion. Dental caries is still a major health problem in Polish population aged 35-44. Poor oral health among the adult population in Poland is due to the low health awareness of society. This requires launching large-scale dental educational campaigns and prevention measures among adult Polish citizens, especially in rural areas.

Evaluation and Assessment of Fluoride in Drinking Water Wells Damavand Villages Zoning in GIS According to DMF Index

Evaluation and Assessment of Fluoride in Drinking Water Wells Damavand Villages Zoning in GIS According to DMF Index

Evaluation of oral microbiota in undernourished and eutrophic children using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among nutritional status, gingival health and the composition of oral microbiota in children of a public school from a very poor area of San Miguel de Tucuman. Forty-five children ranging in age from 6 to 14 years old, 13 males and 32 females were studied. Twenty of these children were undernourished (Lejarraga-Morasso Table) and twenty-five were eutrophic. A clinical study that included DMF and dmf indexes, Löe Silness Plaque Index and bleeding on probing was performed. For microbiological study, saliva samples without stimulation were taken; aliquots of them were immediately placed in TAE buffer pH 7.6, adding NaOH (N and keeping at -70 °C until processed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method to check the presence of 40 oral microorganism species. Positive bleeding on probing was present in more than 80% of children, without significant differences between eutrophic and undernourished groups. Same result were obtain for the other clinical indexes (p > 0.05, Two Way ANOVA). Significant differences were found for some oral microorganism species, with a higher percentage of undernourished children harboring them. That was the case of S. gordonii (p < 0.05), Capnocitophaga gingivalis and C. ochraceae (p < 0.01 and p < 0.10, respectively), F. nucleatum ss nucleatum (p < 0.05), P. nigrescens (p < 0.10), Campylobacter gracilis (p < 0,05), and T. denticola (p < 0.10, multiple logistic regression). Significant differences were also found between children groups for E. saborreum (p < 0.001), P. acnes (p < 0.10), G. morbillorum (p < 0.05) and L. buccalis (p < 0.10). Gingivitis and bleeding on probing would not be related to nutritional status in the groups of children studied. There were significant differences for the presence of some of the main periodontal pathogen species between eutrophic and undernourished children. It would be important to study the meaning of significant differences found for the other microorganisms more deeply.

Is caries a risk factor for dental trauma? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The association between trauma and caries is still controversial in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between caries and dental trauma through a systematic review with meta-analysis. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Lilacs, BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Open Grey databases. The MeSH terms used were 'Tooth injuries', 'Tooth fractures', 'Tooth avulsion', 'Tooth movement'; 'Dental caries'; 'DMF index'; and 'Tooth demineralization'. MeSH synonyms, related terms, and free terms were included. The inclusion criteria comprised clinical investigations of subjects with and without caries that had suffered dental trauma. Quality assessment and bias control were carried out. Meta-analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis software (version 3.2). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 index, and the odds ratio was also calculated (P < 0.05). From 1290 abstracts, seven met the inclusion criteria. All studies had high methodological quality and five were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated a positive association (P < 0.001) between dental trauma and dental caries in permanent teeth [OR: 1.490, 95%, CI: 1.209-1.835]. However, for children with primary teeth, the results showed a negative association (P = 0.006) between dental trauma and caries [OR: 0.706, 95%, CI: 0.550-0.906]. The results demonstrated positive and negative association between the presence of caries and dental trauma in permanent and primary teeth, respectively.

Epidemiological study of premature extraction of 5-6-year-old children from Northeastern Bulgaria

Primary teeth lost one or more years before the time of their physiological exfoliation are prematurely lost. The aim of this study is to show the percentage of prematurely extracted teeth of urban and rural children, the types of the prematurely lost teeth and the reasons for their early lost. Subject of monitoring of the epidemiological research were 1200 children (half of them are from urban regions and the other half are from rural areas) examined by strictly calibrated teams of dental specialists. The DMF (T+t) index is used to measure the dental health. We calculate the missing teeth associated with the age of the children. The teeth we considered as a prematurely lost, were extracted one and more years before the time of their physiological exfoliation. The percentage of the prematurely extracted teeth is 4,6. There was a statistically significant difference in the relative shares of the prematurely extracted teeth of the urban (3,67 %) and the rural children (5%). The second molars are the most often extracted primary teeth both of the rural children (61,67%) and the urban children (57,7%), followed by the first molars - 35,29% for the rural and 34,41% for the urban children. The canines are the most rarely prematurely extracted teeth - 2,49% (rural children), 7,7% (urban children). The main reason for the early teeth loss is the carious lesions - in 94,12% and only 5,89% - other reasons. This results demonstrates the connection between premature extraction of the primary teeth, carious activity and the need of prophylaxis.

Effect of Childhood Malnutrition on Salivary Flow and pH

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of childhood malnutrition on salivary flow rate and pH. Four hundred children between 3-12 years were selected for this study. The children were divided into two main groups according to their nutrition status, Group (A): two hundred children representing the malnourished children, Group (B): two hundred children representing the control group. Within Group (A) Children were further divided into 2 subgroups, subgroup (1): one hundred stunted children and subgroup (2): one hundred underweight children. Every child was subjected to unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow and pH measurements and caries status evaluation using dmf index for primary and DMF index for permanent teeth. The results showed undernutrition (underweight) and stunting reduced the secretion rate of stimulated saliva and no effect on unstimulated salivary flow rate or saliva pH. Moreover, undernutrition(underweight) increased the caries index of primary teeth, while stunting increased the caries index of permanent teeth. It was concluded that malnutrition causes enamel hypoplasia, salivary gland hypofunction and saliva compositional changes and these might be the mechanisms through which malnutrition associated with caries.

Socio-medical analysis of patients aged 0-6 years reporting to the dentist

Abstract Introduction. The results of epidemiological and socio-medical studies of specific age groups in Poland indicate that tooth decay and periodontal diseases still pose a significant health problem. Aim. The aim of the study was the assessment of the reasons for reporting to the dental office and the assessment of oral health in children aged 0-6 years. Material and methods. The study comprised 45 patients in the preschool age (2-6 years old), who for the first time reported in 2015 to the dental office, which offers treatment under the framework of an agreement with the National Health Fund or for a fee. Gender, age, the place of residence and the reason for the reporting to the dentist were analyzed. The place of residence was a village, a town of less than 200 thousand inhabitants or the city of more than 200 thousand inhabitants. The reason for reporting to the dental office was a check-up visit, toothache or loss of filling. Dental condition was assessed by calculating the dmf index. The results were statistically analyzed. Results. Among the surveyed, there were no children younger than 2-year-olds. It was found that the dmf index was ranging in an individual patient from 0 to 20, in half of them the dmf index value was ≤ 7, while in all of the patients the average dmf index was 6.42. The percentage of respondents with dmf=0 was significantly higher among children living in the city than children living in rural areas. Conclusion. It is necessary to intensify educational activities concerning oral health of children, addressed to pregnant women, parents and people from the living environmental of a little child. This applies in particular to promoting early reporting to the first ever, the adaptive visit of a child to the dentist, frequent and regular check-up visits, during which, regardless of the examination, prophylaxis or treatment activities can be carried out if necessary.

Early colonization of the oral cavity in 6- and 12-month-old infants by cariogenic and periodontal pathogens: a case-control study.

The colonization of the oral cavity by cariogenic and periodontal pathogens occurs earlier than previously thought. This study aimed to identify the presence and quantity of representative cariogenic and periodontal pathogens in the oral cavities of 6- and 12-month olds and to evaluate the influence of C-section delivery on early Streptococcus mutans (Sm) colonization of the oral cavity. The research cohort was composed of 59 infants (35 infants were delivered vaginally and 24 via C-section) and their mothers. At 6months of age, the infants were examined, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Variables concerning mothers were DMF index and salivary levels of Sm. Repeated saliva samples were taken 6months later. The representative cariogenic and periodontal microorganisms were identified, and their quantities were measured using a polymerase chain reaction-based method. The relationships between the presence of detected microbes, the mode of delivery, and maternal variables were evaluated using paired t tests, chi-squared test, and ANOVAs. High rates of cariogenic bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), were found in both infant cohorts. An analysis of the differences between delivery methods revealed that the group of 6-month-old vaginally delivered infants had a significantly higher amount of Sm. We conclude that the cariogenic bacteria, Aa and Fn, are present in edentulous infants. This presence increases in the months following the eruption of the deciduous teeth. Results did not confirm the influence of C-section delivery on the early Sm colonization of the oral cavity.

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN DENTISTRY.

Introduction:Previous studies have shown that the state of oral health in the area of Podrinje Canton is really poor. Taking into account that in the last five years are implemented two projects in the municipality it is necessary to examine the impact of preventive measures in dentistry on the oral health.The research goals are:a) To evaluate the impact of continuing education and local fluoridation on the state of oral health; b) To analyze the economic importance of preventive measures.The examinees and methods:For the purpose of the research on activities of continuing education on the importance of oral health and local fluoridation of teeth and to determine the economic aspects of the application of preventive measures is tested and reviewed 900 students from fourth to ninth grade. The children were divided into three groups of 300 students in each group: a) In the first group of children is carried out continuous education about proper tooth brushing and the importance of oral hygiene and local fluoridation twice a year during the last three years, b) In the second group children carried out local fluoridation twice a year during the last three years while in the third group, there were no continuous prevention measures; c) Used is a single questionnaire for all respondents. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods.The results and conclusions:The importance of continuing education and local fluoridation is clearly reflected in the different values DMF-index, which was the subject of research. In the first group, in which is carried out continuous education and local fluoridation value of DMF index was 2.7, in the second group with local fluorination this value was 3.56, while in the third group, in which is not implemented preventive measures, the value DMF- index was 5.93. From an economic point the preventive measures are the cheapest, most effective and the best solution in order to maintain oral health.

Significance of the DMF(T+t) index for the children with prematurely extracted teeth

Significance of the DMF(T+t) index for the children with prematurely extracted teeth

Oral health in relation to nutritional status, age and sex among 14-18 years children of Naraingarh, Haryana

Objective: To describe prevalence dental caries and to study the association between nutritional status and oral health based on various indices among adolescents from under privileged communities. Material and Methods: The study was based on a cross-sectional sample of 196 apparently healthy children (104 males and 92 females) in the age range of 14 to 18 years belonging to under-privileged communities. Each subject was measured for height, body weight to assess nutritional status and clinically observed for various oral health traits like dental caries, plaque, calculus and gingivitis. Results: Decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth (DMF) index was low among adolescent children; it was 0.48 in males and 0.93 in females. Prevalence of calculus was higher among females through all age groups, while prevalence of plaque was higher among males. Sex differences were significant only for plaque index and DMF index. The inadequacy of nutrition was not a major determinant for the observed magnitude of soft deposits, plaque and calculus indices except for Oral health status index and DMF index where higher magnitude of the indices were observed in underweight children than the normal. Conclusion: The inadequate nutritional status was not a major determinant of oral health indicating the general awareness of oral hygiene and its observance was a major factor. Females were more prone to dental caries than the males and the severity was also significantly higher in the former. KeywordsOral health; Nutritional status; BMI-for-age Z-scores; Periodontal health indices; Adolescence

Caries prevalence and COP rate in a school population of 12 years at the municipality of Copacabana 2013-2014

Objective: Calculate the prevalence of caries and related factors in schoolchildren from 12 years in the municipality of Copacabana. Materials and methods: Cross sectional study, with a sample of 483 adolescents. Sociodemographic and practice in oral health variables were evaluated. Oral and evaluation DMF index according to the recommendations of the Ministry of Health was conducted. Univariate, bivariate analysis and OR calculation was performed. Results: 51% were men, 77.8% live in urban areas, 56.5% belong to stratum 2 and 63.6% belong to the contributory scheme. 41.8% change the toohtbrush every 30 days. 81.4% use dental floss with occasional use by 41.6% of students. Caries prevalence was higher in men with 53.6%, in rural área with 60.5%, in stratum 1 with 65.4% and subsidized scheme with 57.2%. The traditional DMF index was 1.26 and the modified was 0.99. The urban area of residence (OR 0.59 IC95% 0.38 to 0.92) and frequency upshift toohtbrush at 90 days (OR 0.54 IC95% 0.30 to 0.97) were identified as protective factors. Conclusion: Adolescents from the town of Copacabana present a lower prevalence in caries experience, as well as a traditional and modified DMF index lower than that reported by other studies. The importance of strengthening oral health habits such as flossing, control sugar intake and regular visits to the dentist is highlighted.

The impact of oral health conditions, socioeconomic status and use of specific substances on quality of life of addicted persons.

BackgroundThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of oral health conditions, socioeconomic status and use of specific substances on quality of life of alcohol and drug addicted persons, receiving care at outpatient treatment facilities in Brazil.MethodsA random sample of 262 participants, mean age 37 years, from Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS AD) located in three cities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were clinically examined for caries experience (DMFT index) by a calibrated examiner. They were asked to complete a series of questionnaires, including the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), socioeconomic characteristics, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL), which were considered the outcome variables of the study. Associations between oral health status, socioeconomic characteristics, substance involvement with WHOQOL were investigated by means of the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis with a level of significance α < 0.05.ResultsThe mean DMF index of the group was 13.0. Subjects with DMFT >14 (OR = 2.25; CI 95% = 1.30-3.89); low-income (OR = 2.41; CI 95% = 1.22-4.77) and users of cocaine/crack (OR = 2.02; CI 95% = 1.15-3.59) were more likely to have poor general quality of life.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the general quality of life of addicted persons was associated with caries experience, low income and cocaine/crack use.

Relationship between maternal serum C - reactive protein

Abstract Abstract Background: It is hypothesized that GDM may be a systemic inflammation mediated by cytokine.This case-control study was designed to investigate correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method: In a case-control study, a convenient sample of 60 pregnant women with GDM (case group) and120 pregnant women without GDM (control group) who attended to GDM and prenatal clinics and women clinics of Ayatollah Taleghani and Mahdiyeh Hospitals were included. Serum level of CRP measured by qualitative and quantitative methods was compared in two groups. Demographic information and reproductive history were obtained by interview. Both of the group was matched in age, parity, first trimester body mass index and DMF index. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics. Result : Demographic characteristics and reproductive histories were similar in two groups. Significantlydifferent was between two groups in serum level of qualitative CRP (p<0/0005) and serum level of quantitative CRP (P<0/0005). CRP was strongly associated wish Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) (p<0/0005). Conclusion : The results suggest that there is correlation between C-reactive protein and gestational diabetesmellitus, and inflammation may play an important role in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus and CRP can act as the risk predictor of GDM. More studies are needed to verify these results. Key words: Gestational Diabetes, C - reactive protein, Pregnancy

Predictors of missing data when asking parents about their children's diet based on "Oral Health Situation of Iranian Children" Survey.

The predictors of missing data when parents fill out questionnaire about their children's diet are not defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate predictors which affect unresponsiveness to diet questions based on " Oral Health Situation of Iranian Children" Survey carried out in 1998. A dummy variable was created as dependent variable according to responding eight questions relating to diet. Then predictors of missing data were defined using multivariable logistic regression and classification tree method. To evaluate goodness of fit of logistic regression model, sensitivity and specificity were assessed. Classification tree analysis was done by Quest growing method. Significance level was set at 0.05 in logistic regression analysis. "Missing data" variable was marked as missing in 616 (7.2%) of questionnaires. In logistic regression model revealed that, gender, mother's education level and father's education level didn't affect "missing data" variable (P > 0.05). But, dmf index (OR = 0.94), Area of living (OR = 0.49), number of children in the family (OR = 1.19), sibling order (OR = 0.85), brushing (OR = 0.84) and visiting dentist (OR = 0.59) had statistically significant association with dependent variable (P < 0.05). Classification tree analysis showed that questionnaires related to children in urban area whose dmf index is under 5 and haven't visited dentist are predicted to have missing data more than other groups. Area of living, dmf index, number of children in the family, sibling order, brushing and visiting dentist are significant variables for predicting the risk of missing data when asking parents about their children's diet.

Oral Health Status of the Elderly at Tonga, West Region, Cameroon.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the oral health status of elderly persons in Tonga, West Region of Cameroon. Methodology. This is a cross-sectional study of persons of at least 65 years, living in Tonga village, West Region of Cameroon. Results. A total of 183 persons aged between 65 and 94 years, mean age of 73 years ±7 s.d., 83 (45,4%) males, and 100 (54,6%) females participated in the study. The most represented age range was 65–74 years (60.1%); 86 (47.3%) and elders above 65 constituted 1.8% of the total population. More than a third 117 (41.4%) had visible dental plaque, 117 (48,6%) had periodontal pockets >4 mm, 153 (54,1%) had teeth with total crown destruction, 70 (38.3%) had not lost a tooth, 23 (12.6%) had lost 1 tooth, 19 (10.4%) have lost at least 2 teeth, 100 (55.7%) were partially edentulous at the maxilla and 98 (53.6%) at the mandible, 2 (1.1%) were completely edentulous at the maxilla and 3 (1.6%) at the mandible, and 3.8% had removable dentures. The mean DMF index was 6.11 and 69.4% had dental caries. Risk factors to dental caries were toothbrushing and tobacco consumption while dental plaque was associated to pocket depth of 4–6 mm. Barriers to oral health care included ignorance 47 (25.7%), financial difficulties 124 (67.8%), and distance to the nearest clinic 12 (6.5%). Conclusion. The oral status of the elderly was generally poor.

Oral hygiene orientation and caries experience for cerebral palsy patients using oral medication

The presence of damage associated with cerebral palsy (CP) often requires the long-term continuous use of prescription drugs. Among the adverse side effects of these drugs are decreased salivary flow and increased risk for caries. Objective: To determine whether those responsible for CP patients received orientation regarding the necessity of oral hygiene after the administration of drugs of continuous oral use and the caries experience in patients with CP. Method: Participating in this study were 205 children with medical diagnosis of CP, of both genders, aged 0-12 years (6.6 ± 2.9) attending a preventive program in dentistry in a reference institution of rehabilitation in São Paulo-SP. The data regarding gender, movement disorder and clinical types of CP were collected from medical records. In an interview format, the caregivers reported whether there was use of any continuous medicine. They were asked what form it took, whether the caregivers had received prior guidance on the importance of oral hygiene after the use of medicines, who performed the oral child’s hygiene, and how often it was done. Their caries experience was recorded based on whether a given tooth was decayed (D, d) missing (M, m) or filled (F, f) (DMFT). The sample was divided into two groups according to whether they used continuous drugs (group 1: G1) or did not (group 2: G2). The Chi-square test and Student’s t test were used, with the level of significance set up at 5%. Results: G1 (n = 110) and G2 (n = 95) were similar in terms of gender (p = 0.343) and age (p = 0.514). However, they differed significantly in relation to the clinical pattern, with G1 presenting significantly higher percentages of patients with tetraparesis (p &lt; 0.001). Considering only the G1, it was observed that the subgroup that used medicine in oral solution form (solution, n = 65) differed significantly from that using tablets (tablets, n = 45) in relation to their previous orientation for hygiene oral (p = 0.013), in that the solution subgroup had been better oriented. With regard to oral hygiene, the solution subgroup had significantly higher percentages (p = 0.044) of children requiring supervision and completion of the oral hygiene when compared to the tablet group. The comparison of caries experience between G1 and G2 showed that the G1 had significantly higher values for their DMF index (p = 0.048), and fewer caries-free patients (p = 0.016) when compared to G2. Conclusion: Although those responsible for the patients receiving medication in the form of oral solution were better oriented, these patients presented higher values of caries experience.

The prevalence of malocclusion and its association with dental caries among 12-18-year-old disabled adolescents

BackgroundTo assess the prevalence of malocclusion among 12-18-year-old disabled adolescents in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and to determine the association of malocclusion with dental caries.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 243 children with various mental disabilities with or without physical infirmities. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the dentition status were recorded using the World Health Organization Oral Health Surveys – Basic Methods (1997) Pro-forma. The Decayed (D), Missing (M) and Filled (F) components of the DMF index were calculated using the Dentition Status and Treatment Need (DSTN). A Chi-square test, ANOVA, and t-test were used to derive inferential statistics.ResultsThe mean DAI score ± standard deviation was 39.0 ± 12.3. A total of 123 (50.6%) participants (74 males and 49 females) had DAI scores of 36 and above, which indicated a handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment. Sixty-nine (28.4%) adolescents (36 males and 33 females) had DAI scores between 31 and 35, which indicated severe malocclusion, for which orthodontic intervention was desirable. Incisal segment crowding (84.8%) was the most common aspect of the malocclusion. The mean DMFT score was 4.36 ± 3.81, and 82.8% of the participants had a DMFT score > 0. There was no statistically significant correlation between the mean DAI and DMFT scores (r = 0.090, p = 0.15). Only 16 (6.6%) of the adolescents had minor or no anomaly not needing orthodontic treatment.ConclusionsThe prevalence of malocclusion and dental caries was found to be high. However, there was no positive correlation between the severity of malocclusion and dental caries among the surveyed disabled adolescents.

Risk factors of dental disease in working age population of a large industrial city

Back in 2005, the WHO has identified European targets by 2020, that provide specific measures for improving dental health and define clear rates of intensity and prevalence of dental diseases. Most EU countries that adopted the WHO recommended principles have already achieved the goals regarding dental health. Level of diseases of the teeth and oral cavity among the population of Ukraine is higher than in the EU countries. Consistently high prevalence of dental diseases among population of all age groups, especially prevalence of dental caries, which is confirmed by the results of various epidemiological studies is a cause of concern. Nowadays factors that influence occurrence of the teeth and oral cavity diseases among the working age population of a large industrial city are not enough studied.The aim of the study was to determine the factors leading to the worsening of the working age population of the large industrial city dental health. To establish the risk factors was developed a special closed-type questionnaire, careful attention in which was paid to personal oral hygiene.Methods and results.The most influential factors leading to the increase of the Green - Vermilon index are personal oral hygiene factors and lifestyle of the individual: brushing teeth less than 2 times a day (odds ratio OR=2,64, 95% СІ: 0,97-7,14; р&lt;0,05); smoking (odds ratio OR=2,07, 95% СІ: 0,78-5,53; р&lt;0,05); alcohol intake 1-2 times a week and more often (odds ratio OR=1,82, 95% СІ: 0,61-5,42; р&lt;0,05) lead to increased chances of a low level of oral hygiene.The level of oral hygiene is also affected by the socio-economic factors: higher education in 1.9 times decreases chances of a low level of oral hygiene (odds ratio OR=1,88, 95% СІ: 0,68-5,22; р&lt;0,05); income at subsistence level and below (odds ratio OR=1,20, 95% СІ: 0,45-3,19; р&lt;0,05).According to our research, level of oral hygiene is also influenced by medical and organizational factors: choice of toothpaste with doctor’s aid (odds ratio OR=1,77, 95% СІ: 0,67-4,69; р&lt;0,05); changing of toothbrush every 3 months (odds ratio OR=2,14, 95% СІ: 0,77-5,93; р&lt;0,05), about whout the physician should inform population.Visiting the dentist therapist once every 6 months in 1.5 times reduces the chances of a low level of oral hygiene (odds ratio OR=1,52, 95% СІ: 0,45-5,16; р&lt;0,05), and visiting the dentist for preventive treatment (preventive hygiene) almost 4 times reduces the chances of a low level of oral hygiene (odds ratio OR=3,97, 95% СІ: 0,84-18,76; р&lt;0,05). As a result, visiting of a constant dentist 5 times reduces the chances of a low level of oral hygiene (odds ratio OR=5,07, 95% СІ: 1,54-16,62; р&lt;0,05).The study of factors that lead to increase in the intensity of caries (DMF index) proved, that the most influential factor is the reason for seeking dental help: seeking medical help because of acute pain and unscheduled visit, leads to the increased chances of DMF index growth in 7 times (odds ratio OR=6,77, 95% СІ: 1,75-26,19; р&lt;0,05), while visiting one constant dentist 2 times reduces the chances of growth of the DMF index (odds ratio OR=1,86, 95% СІ: 0,63-5,49; р&lt;0,05). Also, we have proved that on the chances of DMF index increase influence the availability of dental care (odds ratio OR=2,53, 95% СІ: 0,86-7,47; р&lt;0,05) and economic situation of the population – presence of income at subsistence level and below (odds ratio OR=2,20, 95% СІ: 0,78-6,22; р&lt;0,05).Smoking and tooth brushing less than 2 times a day are less influential on the intensity of caries compared with the level of oral hygiene.Conclusion. All mentioned above demands to make adjustments to the system of providing dental care to the population. Regulations of the organization and management of dental care are obsolete in current conditions and do not allow to implement the necessary management and treatment and preventive measures.