DM Sufferers Research Articles

Application of diabetic foot exercises in diabetic mellitus patients: A systematic review

A complication of diabetes that often occurs in the legs is diabetic foot with ulcers, which will reduce the quality of life, increase morbidity and mortality. Diabetic mellitus patients have a 15-20% risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers in 5 years with a recurrence rate of 50-70%, and 85% will undergo amputation. Self management that can be applied is with foot gymnastics. This foot exercise has many benefits for both patients who have neuropathy and those who have not experienced it. Among them can strengthen small muscles, calf muscles, and thigh muscles, as well as overcome joint mobility limitations that are often experienced by DM sufferers. This review aims to find out the benefits of applying foot exercises to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research method used is systematic review. Literature is searched through Google Schoolar, PubMed, and sciencedirect databases. A total of 88 articles were obtained and then selected through the stages of title, abstract, keywords and advanced selection in the full text. The results of the selection were obtained 4 articles that met the set criteria. Survey reporting uses the Optional Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reviews. Based on the systematic review that has been carried out, effective results were obtained in the application of foot exercises in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Frequency on Reducing Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Sufferers in the Lingsar Health Center Working Area in 2024

One of the keys to a person suffering from diabetes mellitus being able to live a healthy life like other people without diabetes is to maintain balanced blood glucose levels within normal limits. One important way to reduce blood glucose levels, especially in type 2 DM sufferers, is exercise. This study aims to identify the effect of aerobic exercise, on changes in blood glucose levels. This research is a pre-experimental research with a one group pre-posttest approach. The research sample was 33 people suffering from type 2 DM at the Lingsar Community Health Center, selected using a simple random sampling technique. Each respondent was given aerobic exercise 3 times a week with a minimum duration of 20 minutes. Data on blood glucose levels before and after the intervention were collected using an observation sheet. The results of the study showed that the average blood glucose before the intervention was 162.2 mg/dL and after the intervention it fell to 156.14 mg/dL. The t-test with a=0.05 showed r=0.000. It can be concluded that there is an effect of aerobic exercise on the respondents' blood glucose levels. Aerobic exercise has been proven to reduce the average blood glucose level after this is done regularly. This study results can be an evidenced base for community nursing to promote regular aerobic exercise among people with DM, to help reduce or control their blood glucose.

Effectiveness of aerobic exercise intervention and butterfly pea flower tea on reducing blood glucose levels in type II diabetes mellitus patients

The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of aerobic exercise and butterfly pea flower tea as a therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research uses experimental research methods with pre and post design. This research uses only one group as a sign of the existence of a comparison group. A total of 36 adult women suffering from Type II Diabetes Mellitus participated in this study. The inclusion criteria in this study were women suffering from type II diabetes mellitus. The exclusion criteria in this study were elderly women. The initial procedure in this research is preparing research administration. Next, screen respondents who are research subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and fill out Informed Consent. Subjects took pre‑test data to measure blood glucose levels. Next, the intervention was carried out within 4 weeks and aerobic exercise treatment was carried out 8 times (2x/week) and butterfly pea flower tea intervention for Type II Diabetes Mellitus sufferers. Telang flower tea is packaged in the form of tea bags which already have BPOM. Subjects collected post‑test data to measure blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels are measured using a Point Of Care Testing (POCT) device. The first statistical analysis in this research is a descriptive test to obtain the mean, standard deviation and standard error. Next, the normality test was carried out using the Shapiro‑Wilk method, if the data was normally distributed, a difference test was carried out using the paired t test, but if the data was not normally distributed then a difference test was carried out using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of this study report that providing aerobic exercise and butterfly pea flower tea intervention for 4 weeks was able to significantly reduce blood glucose levels in DM sufferers. In this case, aerobic exercise and butterfly pea flower tea are categorized as effective in reducing blood glucose levels in people with type II diabetes mellitus. We hope that future research will examine the effects of exercise with varying intensity and giving butterfly pea flower tea.

Analysis of Depression Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at 'Aisyiyah General Hospital Ponorogo

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a common health problem in Indonesia. Depressive symptoms are common among adults with diabetes. Clinically significant depression is present in one of every four people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of incident depression and can contribute to a more severe course of depression. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression in the population diagnosed with diabetes type 2. Respondens were patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kardinah Hospital. This research is quantitative descriptive. The sampling technique using accident sampling with 60 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data was taken by instrument using PH9. Data was analyzed by univariate test. The result of the analysis 82,3% no symptom of depression and 17,7% have a depression. Depression at all levels in DM sufferers cannot be ignored, intervention must be obtained. Because depression makes health problems worse.

Correlation between Lifestyle Factors and Blood Glucose Levels to Elderly at Elderly Posyandu in Pelem Village, Kediri District

Data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2017, the global prevalence rate was 425 million people in the world experiencing DM. Estimated in 2045, it will increase to 48% (629 million) among DM sufferers aged 20-79 years. Elderly is a process of aging with increasing age, which is characterized by decreasing the function of the body's organs. To determine the correlation between lifestyle factors and blood glucose levels to elderly at Elderly Posyandu in Pelem Village, Kediri District. The research design was quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was elderly from Pelem Village, totaling 65 respondents. The independent variables were lifestyle factors (physical activity, frequency of carbohydrate consumption, frequency of fiber consumption, obesity and medication compliance), while the dependent variable was blood glucose level. The measuring instruments used questionnaires and GDA measurement tools. Data processing used univariate and bivariate tests with chi-square. Univariate analysis showed that most of elderly were aged 66-70 years (38.5%), male (63.1%), low education (52.3%) and not working (41.5%). Bivariate results showed correlation between lifestyle factors such as physical activity (p=0.007), frequency of carbohydrate consumption (p=0.028), frequency of fiber consumption (p=0.005), obesity (p=0.029) and medication compliance (p=0.032) and blood glucose levels to elderly. There was correlation between lifestyle factors and blood glucose levels to elderly.

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEPATUHAN DIET PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II DIWILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KURAITAJI KOTA PARIAMAN

Diabetes triggers 6.7 million deaths or 1 case every 5 seconds in sufferers. Indonesia is in fifth position for diabetes sufferers, namely 19.47 million. The study aims to determine the relationship between family support and dietary compliance of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the Kuraitaji Health Center Work Area, Pariaman City. This type of research is descriptive analytical with a cross-sectional approach design. The population in this study were 366 Type II DM sufferers. Sampling used a random sampling technique with a total of 65 people. Data collection was carried out by documentation study and computerized data processing, using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of the univariate analysis showed that 47 respondents (60.3%) had insufficient family support, 8 respondents (10.3%) had sufficient family support, and 23 respondents (29.5%) had good family support. Type 2 DM sufferers who had non-compliance were 47 respondents (60.3%), and compliance was 31 respondents (39.7%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between family support and dietary compliance in type II diabetes mellitus patients (p-value = 0.000 ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, family support is related to the level of compliance of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Kurai Taji Health Center, Pariaman City in 2022.

Dyslipidemia, Physical Activity, and Long Suffering from DM are Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Cross-Sectional Study

Background: DM is a serious problem with the incidence rate increasing every year. Based on data obtained from the Ranomeeto Community Health Center, there are still many DM sufferers found. The results of interviews with residents suffering from DM revealed that there were DM patients who experienced peripheral neuropathy which was characterized by permanent numbness, temporary numbness, and weakness in the legs, namely numbness and cramps. The aim of this research aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus sufferers in the Ranomeeto Health Center Work Area. Methods: The research method used was observational using a cross-sectional design with a proportional random sampling technique with a population of 215 respondents and a sample size of 68 respondents. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between the duration of DM and peripheral neuropathy (X2 Calculation = 45.634 ≥ X2 Table = 3.841), there is a relationship between dyslipidemia and peripheral neuropathy (X2 Calculation = 14.645 ≥ X2 Table = 3.841), and there is a relationship between physical activity and the incidence of peripheral neuropathy (X2 Calculation = 39.151 ≥ X2 Table = 3.841). Conclusions: Based on the result, it can be concluded that long suffering from DM, dyslipidemia, and physical activity are factors related to the incidence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus patients in the Ranomeeto Health Center Working Area.

KORELASI FAMILY EMPOWERMENT DENGAN SELF-MANAGEMENT PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that cannot be cured and requires lifelong treatment, therefore assistance or support from the family will help clients in improving diabetes mellitus control management. This research aims to determine the correlation between family empowerment and Self-Management in patients with a history of type II diabetes mellitus in Tulungagung Regency. This research was quantitative research with a cross-sectional survey method. The research instrument used the Family Empowerment Scale (FES) and The Diabetes Self-Management (DSMQ) questionnaire to determine self-management. The sampling method was carried out using a purposive technique, resulting in a sample size of 320 respondents. The independent variable was family empowerment (X) while the dependent variable was Self-Management (Y). Based on the Spearman rho test results, the ρ value = 0.000 < 0.05, meaning that there was a relationship between family empowerment and Self-Management in patients with a history of type II diabetes mellitus in Tulungagung Regency. With a correlation coefficient value of r = 0.7, it can be concluded that the strength of the relationship is strong. The direction of the relationship is linear (+), which means that the better the level of family empowerment obtained by DM sufferers, the better the level of Self-Management possessed by the respondent. Based on these results, can be used as consideration for related parties to improve the Self-Management of DM sufferers through providing family empowerment. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Family-Empowerment; Self-Management

Self-Care Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Siti Fatimah Az-Zahra Hospital, South Sumatra Province

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disease that involves failure to use or produce insulin. Disease in DM occurs due to high levels of glucose in the blood that exceed normal limits. In type II DM sufferers, it is necessary to monitor and understand lifestyle behavior in self-care management, which consists of adjusting diet, physical exercise, foot care, medication, and glucose control. Self-care management (Self Care) is an individual's ability to manage self-care. The goal of self-care management is to prevent the complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Research Objectives: To find out how self-care management is in type II DM patients. Methods: This research method uses a descriptive analytic method with a total of 88 respondents. Results: The average age of the respondents was 49 years old, female (60.2%), and last education was SMA/SMK (47.7%). Occupation of housewives (46.6%), dietary compliance of DM patients is low (56.8%), moderate physical activity (44.3%), foot care compliance (55.7%), glucose control (50%), taking moderate medication (55.7%). Conclusion: The level of adherence to the diet of patients with low diabetes was 50 patients (56.8%) and high was 38 patients (43.2%), Physical activity patients with moderate diabeere 39 patients (44.3%), severe were 29 patients (33, 0%), and mild in 20 patients (22.7%), adherence to foot care in patients with adherence to 49 patients (55.7%), and non-adherence of 39 patients (44.3%), glucose control in patients with regular diabetes ( 50.0%) and irregular 44 patients (50.0%), adherence to taking medication and moderate DM as many as 49 patients (55.7%), low as many as 20 patients (22.7%) and high as many as 19 patients (21, 6%). DM patients are expected to improve self-care management behavior to improve health status and prevent further complications.

POLA PERESEPAN OBAT ANTIDIABETIK PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE II DI PUSKESMAS PANDAK 1 BANTUL

Diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is in the top five countries with the most DM sufferers, namely 19.5 million people and this number will increase to 28.6 million people in 2045. If diabetes is not treated properly loss of vision, kidney failure, nerves, limb amputation, and can cause premature death. This study aims to determine the pattern of prescribing for type II diabetes mellitus medication at the Pandak I Bantul Community Health Center for the period 2022. The research methodology used is descriptive observational with retrospective collection of medical record data with a sample of 90 medical records. The results of research on the prescribing pattern for type II diabetes mellitus drugs at the Pandak I Community Health Center consisted of the use of single diabetes mellitus drugs, namely 73.33% of metformin 500 mg, 24.45% of glimepirid 2 mg and 2.22% of glibenclamide 5 mg. The percentages are based on drug class, namely the biguanide group 73.33% and the sulfonylurea group 26.67%. So the pattern of prescribing medication for type II diabetes mellitus at the Pandak I Community Health Center with the single treatment mostly using metformin 500 mg with the biguanide group is 73.33%.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Melalui Audiovisual Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Pada Petani Coklat di Jembrana Bali

Background: Diabetes mellitus, also abbreviated as DM, is a non-communicable disease whose number of sufferers is increasing. DM (diabetes) sufferers are not only the elderly but also many people of productive age. The Jembrana District Health Service noted that DM is a disease that is included in the top 10 most common diseases in hospitals and health centers in Jembrana. A total of 6,740 DM patients have been registered and controlled at community health centers in Jembrana. Melaya, one of the sub-districts in Jembrana, recorded that during 2020 there were 782 cases recorded. Methods: This type of research is a pre-experimental design using one group pre-test and post-test design. The research location is the Kerta Semaya Samaniya Jembrana Cooperative, Bali. The sampling method was nonprobability sampling using the consecutive method. The total research sample was 38 respondents. The data collection tools used are DKQ and DSMQ. The data analysis used is univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the Willcoxon Rank Test. Results: Most respondents had poor knowledge and attitudes in the prevention of diabetes mellitus before the intervention, and there was an increase in knowledge and attitudes after respondents were given an audiovisual-based health education intervention. There is an influence of audiovisual-based health education with p = 0.000 (p<0.05), thus it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in knowledge and attitudes between before and after providing audiovisual-based educational videos. Conclusion: Providing audiovisual-based health education about preventing diabetes mellitus has proven to be effective in increasing knowledge and attitudes in preventing diabetes mellitus.

The Influence of Animated Video Education on Children's Knowledge about Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary School Negeri 1 Mujur Kroya

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic disease in children with an increasing incidence worldwide. The increase in the prevalence of DM sufferers in all ages in Central Java Province reached 152,075 cases. While there are 65 patients under 15 years old who are recorded to suffer from IDDM. Thus, there needs to be a preventive measure so that children understand more about the prevention and treatment of IDDM, one of which is by educating about type-1 diabetes mellitus through techniques that attract children, one of which is using animated videos. Objective: To determine the effect of animated video education on children's knowledge about IDDM at SD Negeri 1 Mujur Kroya. Method: This study uses the Pre-Experiment method with the design of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sampling technique used is total sampling with a total of 40 research samples. Results: Showing the majority of respondents' characteristics are female, there is a history of DM descent. Knowledge before the category intervention was lacked and after the good category intervention was carried out. The results of the bivariate test showed that the value (p value 0.0001< 0.005) had a significant effect with a value of 0.001 on providing animated video education on children's knowledge about IDDM at SD Negeri 1 Mujur which was statistically tested to increase the average knowledge of children about type-1 diabetes mellitus by 9,464 based on the DKQ-24 questionnaire. Conclusion: Animated video education has an effect in increasing students' knowledge about IDDM.

Pengaruh Foot Exercise Terhadap Neuropati Motorik Pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Benteng

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by the body's inability to metabolize carbohydrates, fats and proteins, leading to hyperglycemia. DM can be associated with serious complications such as kidney damage, eye problems, cardiovascular disease, nerve damage and skin and foot problems, so DM sufferers need to take precautions to avoid complications. Foot exercise is a type of foot exercise performed by diabetics which can increase peripheral perfusion and thus prevent worsening of diabetic neuropathy. Foot exercise can also reduce the risk and progression of peripheral neuropathy because it can improve blood flow to the periphery, increase muscle strength and improve motor function. Objective: to determine the effect of foot exercise on motor neuropathy in type 2 DM patients. Method: The design in this study used a quasi-experimental approach using a one group pretest posttest design. The sample for this research was 18 respondents. Data analysis used the paired sample t-test. Results: based on the results of statistical tests using the Paired Samples t Test, the resulting P value is 0.000 < 0.05, where it can be concluded that there is an influence of foot exercise on Motor Neuropathy in type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is an influence of foot exercise on Motor Neuropathy in type 2 DM patients in the working area of Benteng Sukabumi City Health Center.

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kepatuhan Melakukan Kontrol Rutin Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Di Puskesmas Kalibagor Banyumas

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease characterized by blood glucose levels above 90-120 mg/dl. A person suffering from Diabetes Mellitus must carry out routine control for the rest of his life to control blood sugar and prevent complications. Family support is important during the treatment period. One form of support is giving motivation to comply with routine controls. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between family support and adherence to routine control of DM sufferers at the Kalibagor Health Center. The research method is descriptive correlation (cross sectional) and uses a non-probability sampling technique (total sampling) with 45 respondents participating in prolanis activities. This study used a questionnaire in the form of family support. Using the Spearman rank test, the results of the study included good family support of 88.9% and adherence to routine control of 88.9%. Spearman rank test results with a p-value = 0.000 (p <0.05) with a moderate level of closeness (R = 0.550), which means that there is a significant relationship between family support and compliance with routine control of diabetes mellitus patients at the Kalibagor Health Center. So, it is suggested that respondents adhere to routine control with the help of family support to avoid complications caused by diabetes mellitus. The better the family support, the more obedient the patient is to carry out routine controls.

Antidiabetic Effectiveness Test of Ethanol Extract of Brown Leaves (Theobroma Cacao L.) Against Mice (Mus Musculus)

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. DM sufferers are increasing from year to year, accompanied by increasing costs of therapy, therefore, as an alternative to controlling blood glucose levels, use natural ingredients such as cocoa leaves. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of ethanol extract of cocoa leaves (Theobroma cacao L.) in reducing blood glucose levels in mice that had been induced by Aloxan. The research method used was experimental research. The research stages were sample collection, sample identification, making simpilicia, examining the characteristics of simpilicia, making extracts using maceration using 96% ethanol solvent, and testing the antidiabetic effect of EEDC in mice induced by alloxan at a dose of 175 mg/kg. bb intraperitoneally. Diabetic mice were divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 5 mice that were given the test material 50 mg/KgBB of ethanol extract of brown leaves; 100 mg/KgBB; and 200 mg/KgBB, Metformin 65 mg/KgBB, and CMC 0.5%. Next, blood glucose levels were measured on days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, the percentage reduction in blood glucose levels was calculated, then the data was analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA method and Duncan's test, to see real differences between treatments. The research results showed that simplicia, the ethanol extract of brown leaves contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins and glycosides. Cocoa leaf ethanol extract has effectiveness in lowering glucose levels, at the 5th and 6th hours it shows good effectiveness at a dose of 200 mg/KgBW of (72.16 ± 0.1.51)% and (82.80 ± 0.73 )%, not significantly different from metfromin 65 mg/KgBB of (74.45 ± 1.51)% and (83.29 ± 1.01).

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN STEVIA DALAM MENJAGA KESTABILAN KADAR GULA DARAH PENDERITA DIABETES

Background. Diabetes Mellitus is an example of a type of disease that is not contagious and attracts a lot of attention. DM sufferers are required to control blood sugar levels by maintaining dietary rules so that blood sugar levels remain controlled. Blood sugar levels will increase drastically after eating foods that contain carbohydrates or sugar in them.Stevia is a natural sweetener substitute for sugar that comes from the stevia plant. Stevia leaves are hypoglycemic which functions to lower blood glucose levels for people with diabetes mellitus.
 Purpose. This study aims to determine the effect of stevia sugar on the stability of blood sugar in diabetes sufferers.
 Methods. The method used is a systematic literature review. Data collection is carried out by recording all articles that have similar research in the research report. The articles used in this search are national and international journals taken from Google Scholar, Crossref, Semantic Scholar and Scopus databases in 2019-2023 using the Publish or Perish application.
 Result. Based on the results of the literature review, it was found that stevia has an effect on reducing blood glucose levels in DM sufferers. Consumption of stevia leaf extract plays an important role in reducing levels of glucose, cholesterol, total fat and other blood characteristics.
 Conclusion. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that stevia leaf water extract can maintain and even reduce blood glucose levels in diabetes patients because serum insulin and adiponectin levels increase dramatically.

Meta Analysis: Application of Health Belief Model on Tertiary Preventive Behavior in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: Tertiary prevention of DM is taking action on DM sufferers who experience complications to prevent further disability by providing health education to DM sufferers about the importance of drug compliance, diet and exercise. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Health Belief Model application in improving tertiary preventive behavior in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis study using PICO. P: Patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2; I: High perceived severity, high perceived benefit, high self-efficacy; C: Low perceived severity, low perceived benefit, low self-efficacy; O: Tertiary preventive behavior. Data collection was obtained from data bases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier and Springer Link. The inclusion criteria used were full-text articles with a cross-sectional design, published from 2013 to 2023, in English, the final results of the study were reported using the Adjusted Odd Ratio. The keywords used are “Health Belief Model” OR “HBM” AND “diabetes” AND “preventive behavior” OR “type 2” Health Belief Model” AND “type 2 diabetes mellitus” AND “Cross Sectional Study”. Articles were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. Results: Meta-analysis showed the significant results. The study from Ethiopia, Nepal, and China concluded that high perceived severity had a 2.60 times higher influence than low perceived severity on tertiary preventive behavior (aOR= 2.60; 95% CI= 1.06 to 6.37; p= 0.040). Meta-analysis from Ethiopia, Malaysia, China, and Taiwan concluded that high perceived benefits had an influence of 1.76 times higher than low perceived benefits. (aOR= 1.76; 95% CI= 1.09 to 2.82; p= 0.020). The meta-analysis was obtained from Ethiopia, Sudan, India, and China it showed that high self-efficacy has an effect of 2.69 times higher than low self-efficacy (aOR= 2.69; 95% CI= 1.48 to 4.89; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Perceived severity, perceived benefits and self-efficacy increase tertiary preventive behavior in diabetes mellitus. Keywords: health belief model, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, diabetes mellitus. Correspondence: Afifah Nur Halizah. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl Ir Sutami no 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: afifahnur76964@gmail.com. Mobile: +628-2261288086.

Relationship Between Blood Glucose Levels With Albumin and HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Levels In Diabetic Ulcers

Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by disorders of the body’s metabolism, because blood glucose levels have a increased or hyperglycemia. According to the IDF in 2021 DM sufferers have increased from 463 million people (9.3%) to 537 million people (10.5%) in 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between blood glucose levels and blood albumin and HDL cholesterol in diabetic ulcer patients. The design of this study was a cross-sectional method, in 30 respondents with diabetes mellitus with diabetic ulcers who were undergoing treatment at the Sidoarjo Luka Home. Examination of glucose, albumin and HDL cholesterol was carried out using the enzymatic method using a photometer, on 28 May – 20 June 2022. The results of the study were analyzed using Pearson’s Parametric Correlation statistics. Blood glucose levels with blood albumin levels have a strong correlation with a negative correlation direction (r = -0.470 p= 0.009), while blood glucose levels with HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol levels have a weak correlation with a negative correlation direction (r=-0.375 p=0.041).

EFFECTIVENESS OF BEHAVIORAL COGNITIVE THERAPY ON ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins due to insufficient insulin hormone. Anxiety in DM sufferers affects fluctuations in blood glucose which causes unstable blood sugar levels, even though diet, physical exercise, and drug use have been attempted appropriately. DM sufferers have three times the risk of anxiety compared to the general population, diabetes complications can make daily life activities more difficult to carry out, resulting in prolonged sadness. Anxiety in Diabetes Mellitus sufferers affects blood glucose fluctuations which cause unstable blood sugar levels, even though diet, physical exercise and appropriate use of medication have been made. Cognitive behavioral group counseling emphasizes how emotional and behavioral problems can be overcome effectively through cognitive restructuring and shows how irrational beliefs interfere and how they can change inaccurate thoughts with a variety of methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety in people with diabetes mellitus. Methods To electronic data based Pubmed and Google Scholar with keywords in English and Indonesian, which are published nationally and internationally. This literature study uses The Joanna Briggs Institute guideline is used for assess quality and the Prisma checklist to guide this review. from the search for articles found results that have identified as many as 279 articles with the number of results entered as many as 5 articles. This literature study shows that Cognitive Behavior Therapy for anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus is effective in reducing anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus.
 
 Keywords: Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Anxiety, Diabetes Mellitus

GAMBARAN KEPATUHAN BEROLAHRAGA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS

Exercise will lower blood glucose levels by increasing glucose uptake by muscles and improving insulin. Insulin is a hormone in the body that regulates carbohydrate metabolism and transports glucose into cells.This study aims to describe exercise adherence in people with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This research is a quantitative study with a descriptive research design. Respondents in this study were 84 people diagnosed with DM in the Simpang Tiga Health Center work area. The research samples were taken based on inclusion criteria using a purposive sampling technique. The analysis used was univariate analysis to see the frequency distribution and description of exercise adherence in DM sufferers. Results: The results of the statistical test showed that the majority of DM sufferers were aged 40-59 years (late adulthood), female, the majority worked as housewives, graduated from high school, and had suffered from DM at most 1-10 years. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there are more non-compliant adherents to exercise in DM sufferers than adherents.