DLS Analysis Research Articles

Bio-MOFs Based on Natural Phenolic, Hematoxylin Leverages Biomedical Applications: Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties.

Here, using natural hematoxylin (HT) as linker, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) from Cu(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) ions was prepared. The SEM images and DLS analyses revealed HT-based MOFs are <micrometer sizes with the highest surface area value of 49.2 m2/g for HT-Fe(III) MOFs. Interestingly, HT-based MOFs exhibit fluorescent properties at λem=330 nm with fluorescence intensities of 11485, 2120, and 6790 (a.u) for HT-Cu(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) MOFs, respectively. Moreover, HT-based MOFs inhibited α-glucosidase enyzme in a concentration-dependent manner e. g., 33.1 %, 69.8 %, and 59.7 % of Cenzyme=500 mg/mL was inhibited by HT-Cu(II)-MOF, HT-Fe(II)-MOF, and HT-Fe(III)-MOFs, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of HT-Cu(II) MOFs for Escherichia coli (gram -), Staphylococcus aureus (gram +), and Candida albicans are determined as 5, 5, and 10 mg/mL, respectively. Also, the antioxidant activities of 250 ppm HT-based MOF based on total phenol content (TPC) tests revealed 279, 208, 124, and 152 mg.gallic acid equivalent/mL (mg GA equivalency/mL) for HT, HT-Cu(II) MOF, HT-Fe(II) MOF, and HT-Fe(III), respectively affirming that antioxidant properties were retained. Moreover, HT-Fe(II) and HT-Fe(III) MOFs (62.5 μg/mL) against human null-1 lung cell line revealed cell viabilities of 98.7±12.2 % and 88.9±11.7 %, respectively as concentration-dependent biocompatibility of MOFs.

4,4'-Sulfonyldianiline Derived Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen for the Detection of Ofloxacin.

The excessive use of antibiotic ofloxacin (Oflx) can cause serious detrimental effects to human health. Therefore, the utmost research priority is required to develop facile methods to detect Oflx. Herein, a V-shaped aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active Schiff base SDANA was introduced for the fluorescent turn-on detection of Oflx. The Schiff base SDANA was synthesized by condensing 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline with two equivalents of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. The nearly non-fluorescent SDANA in DMSO showed strong orange emission with the increase in HEPES buffer (H2O, 10 mM, pH 7.4) fractions in DMSO from 70 %-95 % due to the combined effects of AIE and ESIPT. The DLS and SEM analyses were performed to complement the formation of self-aggregates of SDANA. With the addition of Oflx, the fluorescence emission of AIE luminogen (AIEgen) SDANA (λem=575 nm, λex=400 nm) was blue-shifted and enhanced at 530 nm. The interactions of Oflx over the surface of SDANA aggregates disrupted the intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation morphology of SDANA, which gave a distinct fluorescence response to detect Oflx. The detection limit for Oflx was estimated as 0.81 μM, and the developed probe AIEgen SDANA was applied for the quantification of Oflx in human blood serum.

Aminoacid functionalised magnetite nanoparticles Fe3O4@AA (AA = Ser, Cys, Pro, Trp) as biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles with potential therapeutic applications

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of great interest for their wide applications in biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, antitumoral therapies, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. The work aimed to obtain biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles coated with amino acids of the general formula Fe3O4@AA (AA = L-tryptophan, L-serine, L-proline and L-cysteine) for potential therapeutic application in anticancer drug delivery. The obtained materials were characterised using XRD, FTIR, DLS analysis, SEM, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity tests of the obtained materials were carried out. The choice of amino acid determines the properties of the material and its future use, for example, Fe3O4@Cys supports radical production, which may increase the efficiency of catalytic degradation, while tryptophan captures radicals, which may be an advantage in several biomedical applications. Fe3O4@Trp exhibited good antimicrobial activity (MBEC and MIC) against E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and C. albicans ATCC 10231 while Fe3O4@Pro exhibited the best results against S. aureus ATCC 25923.

Fabrication and Characterization of Biocompatible Multilayered Elastomer Hybrid with Enhanced Water Permeation Resistance for Packaging of Implantable Biomedical Devices

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of hexadecyl-modified SiO2 (HD-SiO2) nanoparticles and their application in the fabrication of a multilayered elastomer hybrid sheet to enhance water resistance in implantable biomedical devices. The surface modification of SiO2 nanoparticles was confirmed via FT-IR and TGA analyses, showing the successful grafting of hydrophobic hexadecyl groups. FE-SEM and DLS analyses revealed spherical HD-SiO2 nanoparticles with an average size of 360 nm. A multilayered elastomer hybrid sheet, consisting of a PDMS-based circuit-protecting body, a water resistance layer of HD-SiO2, a planarization layer, and a biocompatible layer of polydopamine, was fabricated and characterized. The water resistance layer exhibited superhydrophobic properties, with a water contact angle of 154.7° and a 27% reduction in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) compared to the circuit-protecting body alone. The device packaged with both the circuit-protecting body and water resistance layer demonstrated a tenfold increase in operational lifespan in water medium compared to the device without the water resistance layer. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation tests on human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFn) confirmed the biocompatibility of the multilayered sheet, with no significant cytotoxicity observed over 48 h.

A Schiff-Base Molecular Probe for Selective Fluorescence Sensing of Maleic Acid with Recognition of Maleic Acid in Food Additives and Cell Imaging.

The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine based Schiff base (L) acts as an effective fluorescence sensor for the selective detection of maleic acid. The detection limit of L towards maleic acid is observed to be 1.29 × 10-7 M. A 1:1 binding stoichiometry between L and maleic acid was obtained using Bensi-Hilderbrand method. The binding constant (Ka) was measured to be 5.17 × 106 M-1. The sensing behavior of L was confirmed through analysis using FT-IR, DLS and SEM analysis, alongside DFT calculations. Theoretical assessments clearly suggest that the L's mono-protonation and complexation in the solvent medium are the primary mechanisms in the sensing process. Additionally, L is used to imaging the maleic acid in living cells, demonstrating its potential biological uses. In addition, recognition of maleic acid in food additives was reported.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with on-demand redox-responsive contractible coordination polymer brush as molecular actuator driven by π-dimerization

Nanomachines require molecular actuators to be coupled to a condensed phase. In this work, a redox responsive 1D contractible coordination polymer (ZnL) used as non-interlocked actuator is grafted onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in a brush-like configuration. Oxidized rod-like ZnL oligomers have ability to reversibly self-fold upon reduction via π-dimerization of their bis-viologen units. Unlike in usual responsive brushes, ZnL chains behave individually, generating spatially controlled mechanical motion at nanoparticle surface associated to significant variations of particle diameters. ZnL oligomers were “grafted to” SPIONs in a single step. Reduction of colloidal dispersions was perform by visible light illumination with the help of a photoreductant. π-dimerization was assessed by UV–vis–NIR and reversible contraction of ZnL brush was characterized by DLS. Effects of ZnL chains length and grafting density on mechanism and performance of contractibility were studied. ZnL brush can alternately be contracted and extended with excellent reversibility. Combined UV–vis–NIR, DLS and TGA analyses demonstrate that π-dimerization is only intramolecular and that chains behave as independent actuators. Maximal contraction of 22 nm is obtained for largest particles (DH = 86 nm). Full to partial contraction of the brush depends on grafting density with a threshold at ≈ 47 chains per particle.

Green synthesis of self-oriented flower-like Ag@Ag2O nanostructures functionalized with L-Tryptophan for colorimetric simultaneous determination of ultra-trace level of thiamin and riboflavin

The study focuses on the green synthesis of Ag@Ag2O nanostructures using Padina algae extract and functionalizing them with L-tryptophan to enhance their properties as a colorimetric sensor for simultaneous detection of ultra-trace levels of thiamin and riboflavin. The nanostructures are characterized using techniques like XRD, FESEM, FTIR, TEM, AFM, and DLS to understand their morphology, structure, and interactions with target molecules. FESEM analysis revealed the hierarchical flower-like Ag@Ag2O nanostructures. The TEM image shows the formation of core-shell nanostructures. Also, DLS analysis and surface zeta potential spectra illustrated the aggregated nature of fabricated nanocomposites in the presence of vitamins. The study is the first to report simultaneous determination of thiamin and riboflavin using a colorimetric sensor based on Ag@Ag2O-L-Try nanocomposites using partial leas square (PLS). The dynamic range of thiamin and riboflavin was achieved in 0.1 mol L−1 acetate buffer pH 4 and the ratio Ag@Ag2O: L-try 1:1. The Ag@Ag2O-L-Try sensor exhibited two linear ranges of 0.1- 1.0 and 3-350 µMol L− 1 for riboflavin and a linear range 3.0–60 µMol L− 1 for thiamin. Also, low detection limit of 1.92 µMol L− 1 and 0.048 µMol L− 1 was obtained for riboflavin and thiamin, respectively. The results indicated that the success of the method depends on the selective and sensitive colorimetric assay of the sensor along with the simultaneous determination by the PLS algorithm. Hence, the proposed technique can be used for the accurate and precise determination of vitamins in different pharmaceutical syrup and tablet samples.

Construction of visible-light-induced Fe2O3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for the enhanced degradation of organic dyes: Optimization of operative parameters

This research aims to develop the highly promising Fe2O3/g-C3N4 photocatalyst through hydrothermal techniques to cope with the elevated amounts of bromophenol blue (BPB) dye in wastewater. The morphological studies were carried out by SEM analysis, while the crystallinity, structural behavior, and oxidation states of the prepared materials were determined by XRD, FTIR, and XPS analysis. The hydrodynamic size, surface area, and magnetic characteristics of the constructed materials were assessed through DLS, BET, and VSM analysis. The effectivity of the synthesized Fe2O3 and Fe2O3/g-C3N4-30 photocatalysts was appraised by the abatement of BPB under visible light radiation for 48 min. The results have shown an excellent degradation efficacy of Fe2O3/g-C3N4-30 photocatalyst with 98.39 % of BPB removal and a rate constant of 0.0757 min−1, which was much higher than Fe2O3 photocatalyst with 79.64 % of removal and a rate constant of 0.0335 min−1 under optimum conditions. The enhancement in degradation efficiency of the Fe2O3/g-C3N4-30 was due to the large surface area of Fe2O3/g-C3N4-30 (106.94 m2/g) as a result of g-C3N4 inclusion in the material, while the pure Fe2O3 unveiled a surface area of 89.67 m2/g. The impact of different reaction parameters on BPB degradation was also investigated, while the contribution of free radicals was corroborated through radical trapping experiments. The Fe2O3/g-C3N4-30 exhibited tremendous stability for repeated applications, with a loss of 8.03 % in efficiency after five consecutive experiments because of its easy magnetic separation. The experimental results have shown that synthesized Fe2O3/g-C3N4-30 photocatalysts could be used for the effective degradation of BPB from wastewater.

MercuryII-mediated construction of DNA capsules for turn-on fluorescencedetection of melamine.

Researchers have shown significant interest in three-dimensional DNA building blocks due to their potential applications in biomedicine and biosensing. This study focuses on the synthesis of an HgII ion-stabilized DNA capsule with T-HgII-T pairs for the purpose of detecting melamine (MA). MA reacts with HgII to form a MA-HgII-MA complex, which causes HgII to leave the capsule shell, ultimately leading to capsule collapse and release of fluorescent cargo asoutput signal. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were used to demonstrate the ability of MA to extract HgII from the T-HgII-T adducts. The DNA capsules were characterized using TEM, SEM, DLS, zeta-potential, and melting curve analysis, which indicated the successful construction of the HgII-intercalated DNA shell. The MA-triggered destruction of the DNA capsules was visualized by confocal microscopy, and the dynamics of decapsulation were evaluated through fluorescent cargo release. The HgII-stabilized DNA capsules enable MA detection with a detection limit of 0.037 µM and are insensitive to potential interfering ions and amino acids. The tests conducted usingMA spiked milk solution resulted in recoveries ranging from 109 to 113% (0.1 µM) and 94.5 to 96% (0.5 µM). These results suggest that the system is promising for highly accurate and reproducible monitoring of MA adulteration.

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) stalks as a reinforcement in bionanocomposite fabrication: Extraction, processing, and characterization study

Currently, CNC is attractive to the researchers to fabricate multifunctional bionanocomposite because of their outstanding physicochemical, thermomechanical, morphological properties, and eco-friendly nature. Whereas in most cases CNC is extracted from the bast/bark of primary plants, which have other beneficial applications in several sectors. Hence, it is crucial to find out alternative sources of CNCs to diminish the extra pressure on the primary plants. While the useless agrowaste biomass of okra stalks would be a new and beneficial alternative to produce CNCs as a reinforcement. Here, a series of chemical reactions were directed to produce CNCs. The samples were characterized by FTIR-ATR,TGA/DTA,FESEM,EDX,XRD,UV–vis-NIR, and DLS analysis. The obtained results suggested that the newly produced CNCs possessed substantial active functional groups(–OH,CO-C,–NH), high thermal stability, greater crystallinity(86.09±0.001 %), and notable microstructure indicating a well-organized porous surface with encouraging spherical shapes. The CNCs are free from impurities and coloring materials; additionally, they exhibit a highly negative surface charge and smaller particle sizes. It can be stated that the produced CNCs should have a good agreement with the sustainable environment and be beneficially applied as a reinforcing agent to fabricate bionanocomposites. Also acts as a sustainable alternative to the fossil-based hazardous ones for various uses.

Optimization through response surface modelling, experimental validation on development of nanocellulose for pharmaceutical applications

Nanocellulose, a promising polymer derived from lignocellulosic sources, is utilized in various applications such as paper production, water purification, wound dressing, scaffolds, biosensors, super-disintegrants, cosmetics, and drug delivery systems. The study investigates the production of optimized nanocellulose size using response surface methodology, examining the impact of factors like sulphuric acid concentration and temperature on the acid hydrolysis process. The central composite design was used to screen and adjust the design matrix with two-factor levels. The optimized size of nanocellulose was found to be 364.1 nm, with a zeta potential of −40.6, which shows long-term stability. Hence, process variables like sulphuric acid of 48.29% v/v and temperature of 39.7 °C were optimized to get the desired particle size from commercial cellulose. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the primary parameters that have a significant impact on the particle size of nanocellulose. Thus, the obtained nanocellulose was characterized using FTIR, XRD, DLS and TEM analysis. FTIR confirms that the functional groups of cellulose are similar in nanocellulose. As the XRD illustrates, 67% of the crystallinity index in the developed nanocellulose is semicrystalline. The particle size was found within the nm size by employing the DLS method. Nanocellulose was characterized using TEM for surface morphology. Thus, obtained nanocellulose is widely used in various pharmaceutical applications like tissue engineering, cosmeceuticals, wound healing, scaffolds, aerogels, hydrogels, and controlled release of drugs.

Hydroxyapatite layer evolution on silica-based (45S10P) bioactive glass-ceramic nanoparticles doped with Zn2+ ions: Augmentation of in vitro bioactivity, antibacterial activity and textural modification for bone regeneration

Zinc-incorporated bioactive glasses (BG) and bioactive glass-ceramic (BGC) nanoparticles (BGC-NPs) represent highly adaptable, biodegradable, and bioactive materials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This study delves into the synthesis, characterization and biomedical implications of Zn2+ ions-doped 45S10P spherical BGC-NPs, employing analytical techniques and in vitro assays. The resulting (Zn2++ 45S10P) BGC-NPs, prepared using a modified Strober's method, exhibited spherical morphology with excellent dispersion, as verified by TEM, FE-SEM, and DLS analyses. XRD, FTIR, and FESEM analysis revealed an augmented hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer formation with increasing zinc content. Zeta potential analysis showcased a shift from negative to positive values after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), indicating the bioactive potential of the developed BGC-NPs. Hemocompatibility assays indicated the biocompatibility of all BGC-NPs, demonstrating minimal hemolytic effects with incorporating Zn2+ ions below a standard threshold (<5 % lysis). Further, the migration assay revealed the potentiality of the BGC-NPs to stimulate the migration of HeLa cells. Cell viability assays employing MG-63 osteoblast-like cells highlighted enhanced cell viability over time, underscoring their non-toxic nature and potential for tissue regeneration. Antibacterial assays displayed significant inhibitory effects against Gram-negative compared to Gram-positive bacteria, underscoring their potential for anti-infection applications. Overall, the results affirm the promising prospects of Zinc incorporation into 45S10P BGC-NPs for bone tissue regeneration applications.

Therapeutic efficacy of SipD/LptD-specific IgY entrapped in alginate nanoparticles against Salmonella Typhimurium infection

IntroductionSalmonella, a zoonotic pathogen causing gastroenteritis, lacks a preventive vaccine. Passive immunization with IgY antibodies derived from immunized chickens has shown potential for treating bacterial infections. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of entrapped IgY targeting recombinant SipD and LptD proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium. MethodsThe recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Hens were immunized with the purified protein, and the resulting IgY was entrapped into alginate nanoparticles. The shape of spherical nanoparticles and their size in the nanometer range were determined by SEM and DLS analysis. The therapeutic efficacy of free and alginate-entrapped IgY against S. Typhimurium was evaluated in mice at 1, 50, and 100 LD50 bacterial doses. ResultsThe purified IgY concentration in each egg yolk was 6 mg/ml (35 mg/egg). Physicochemical and structural characterization revealed spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of 157.1 nm and a negatively charged surface (zeta potential of −35.6 mV). The loading efficiency of IgY into alginate nanoparticles was 95.5 %. In a challenge test with 100 LD50 of S. Typhimurium, all mice receiving alginate-entrapped IgY survived, whereas half of the mice receiving non-entrapped IgY died within 7 days. ConclusionOur results indicate that IgY antibodies entrapped in alginate nanoparticles may offer therapeutic effect against S. Typhimurium infection.

Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Aronia melanocarpa and Their Biological Evaluation.

In the present study, two A. melanocarpa berry extracts were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). After the optimization of synthesis, the AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, EDX, DLS, and STEM analyses. The stability in different media, phytotoxicity, as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. The ideal synthesis conditions were represented by a 3 mM AgNO3 concentration, 1:9 extract:AgNO3 volume ratio, alkaline medium, and stirring at 40 °C for 120 min. The synthesis was confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 403 nm, and the strong signal at 3 keV from the EDX spectra. FTIR analysis indicated that polyphenols, polysaccharides, and amino acids could be the compounds responsible for synthesis. Stability tests and the negative zeta potential values showed that phytocompounds also play a role in the stabilization and capping of AgNPs. The preliminary phytotoxicity studies on T. aestivum showed that both the extracts and their corresponding AgNPs had an impact on the growth of roots and shoots as well as on the microscopic structure of leaves. The synthesized AgNPs presented antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Moreover, considering the results obtained in the lipoxygenase inhibition, the DPPH and hydroxyl scavenging activities, and the ferrous ion chelating assay, AgNPs exhibit promising antioxidant activity.

Alginate-based bio-nanocomposite reinforced with poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) and magnetite graphene oxide for delivery of etoposide and photothermal therapy

Recently, bio-nanocomposite nanogels/hydrogels composed of natural polymers and carbon-based nanomaterials are attracting increasing attention in the fields of nanomedicine and bioengineering due to their unique properties. In this study, we propose the creation of an innovative multifunctional bio-nanocomposite based on alginate graft copolymer with poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) (SA-g-PHPM) and magnetite graphene oxide (mGO) loaded with etoposide (EPS) for drug delivery and photothermal therapy (PTT). The SA-g-PHPM/mGO bio-nanocomposite was synthesized using an emulsion method and exhibited favorable physicochemical properties. The structural functionalities and surface morphology of the SA-g-PHPM/mGO bio-nanocomposite were comprehensively characterized using spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, UV, DLS, TEM/FE-SEM, and AFM analyses. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation (808 nm, 1 Wcm−2, 10 min), the SA-g-PHPM/mGO bio-nanocomposite demonstrated the ability to effectively induce a temperature increase exceeding 29 °C. Additionally, exposure to NIR light and magnetic field led to an increased release of EPS whereas an increment in percentage of mGO caused a decreased EPS release. Notably, the synergistic effects of chemotherapy, light-triggered drug release, and PTT collectively contributed to a significant enhancement in lung cancer (H1299) cell death. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the developed SA-g-PHPM/mGO/EPS bio-nanocomposite serves as an efficient vehicle for multimodal therapy in lung cancer.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel dual sensitive iron nanoparticles incorporated Schiff base composite hydrogel for diabetic wound healing therapy

Chronic wounds in diabetic patients deteriorate into multiple infections. A multifunctional transdermal material with high self-healing ability, remodeling capability, antibacterial and radicle scavenging activity, and an excellent multi-sensitive carrier was needed to promote wound healing. For that, Oxidized Cellulose (OC) and gelatin (GLN) are selected to construct a dual drug-loaded Schiff base hydrogel with iron nanoparticle (IONPS) incorporation for the controlled and sustained release of Insulin (INS) and Metfomin (MET), which synergistically promote wound repair. The INS/MET-IONPS-OC/GLN hydrogel drug payload was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, DLS, ZETA, TG, FE-SEM, TEM, and VSM analysis. The high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 93.20 % and 98.8 % for INS and 90.2 % and 95.1 % for MET, respectively. The temperature-sensitive drug release (92.0 % of INS and 90.0 % of MET) percentage is much better than the pH-sensitive drug release (83.5 % of INS and 80.2 % of MET). Above 90.0 % viability in MTT and apoptosis assay reveals the nontoxic nature of the INS/MET-IONPS-OC/GLN towards L929 normal cell lines. The zone of inhibition value of 12 and 15 mm in gram-negative bacteria reveals the anti-bacterial effect. The antioxidant activity of the carrier shields the cells against reactive oxygen species promotes healing rate ensures by DPPH assay.The cell proliferation and angiogenesis were confirmed by scratch assay on L929 cell lines in diabetic and non-diabetic conditions, showing the healing ability of the INS/MET-IONPS-OC/GLN hydrogel.

Functionalized PLGA-Based Nanoparticles with Anti-HSV-2 Human Monoclonal Antibody: A Proof of Concept for Early Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy.

Background: Functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) represent a cutting edge in innovative clinical approaches, allowing for the delivery of selected compounds with higher specificity in a wider time frame. They also hold promise for novel theranostic applications that integrate both diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Pathogens are continuously evolving to try to escape the strategies designed to treat them. Objectives: In this work, we describe the development of a biotechnological device, Nano-Immuno-Probes (NIPs), for early detection and infections treatment. Human Herpes Simplex Virus 2 was chosen as model pathogen. Methods: NIPs consist of PLGA-PEG-Sulfone polymeric NPs conjugated to recombinant Fab antibody fragments targeting the viral glycoprotein G2. NIPs synthesis involved multiple steps and was validated through several techniques. Results: DLS analysis indicated an expected size increase with a good polydispersity index. Z-average and z-potential values were measured for PLGA-PEG-Bis-Sulfone NPs (86.6 ± 10.9 nm; -0.7 ± 0.3 mV) and NIPs (151 ± 10.4 nm; -5.1 ± 1.9 mV). SPR assays confirmed NIPs' specificity for the glycoprotein G2, with an apparent KD of 1.03 ± 0.61 µM. NIPs exhibited no cytotoxic effects on VERO cells at 24 and 48 h. Conclusions: This in vitro study showed that NIPs effectively target HSV-2, suggesting the potential use of these nanodevices to deliver both contrast agents as well as therapeutic compounds.

Silver Nanoparticles Loaded with Bark Extract of Sterculia foetida: Their Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-bacterial Activity Evaluation

Sterculia foetida is a subject of interest in many scientific fields as researchers look for novel treatments because of its varied medicinal qualities and chemical richness. Terpenoids are aromatic and aliphatic chemicals with anti-bacterial properties and can prevent free radical damage. They are present in S. foetida extract. Moreover, it possesses immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties. This work aims to green synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of Sterculia foetida bark extract-loaded silver nanoparticles. Chemicals like Methanol, Petroleum Ether, and water have been used to extract the phytoconstituents from the plant bark. AgNO3 and Silver have been used to synthesize the nanoparticles. Instruments like ATR-IR Spectrophotometer, UV- spectrophotometer, DLS, and SEM instruments have been used to characterize the nanoparticles. Bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), saline water, AMX30, swab stick, inoculation loop, susceptibility scale have been used for studying the anti-bacterial activity. DLS and zeta potential analysis demonstrated the creation of stable nanoparticles with a particle size of 79 nm. The anti-bacterial activity of AgNPs with the methanolic bark extract showed significant anti-bacterial activity compared to the standard marketed drug AMX30. The highest zone of inhibition was observed against gram-positive bacteria S.aureus (1.68 cm) and gram-negative bacteria E.coli (1.74 cm), respectively, at 500 μg/ml concentration. The study concludes that greenly synthesized S. foetida bark extract containing nanoparticles is a potential anti-bacterial agent, especially against gram-negative bacteria. Further, in vivo studies are needed to establish its potential. Keywords: Sterculia foetida, Green synthesis, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs), ATR-IR, DLS, SEM, Zeta-potential, Anti-bacterial.

Saponin-mediated and microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: preparations and anticancer assessment

Silver nanoparticles have been extensively studied and used for biological and biomedical applications due to its antimicrobial properties. In this study, we have developed silver nanoparticles with saponin (S-AgNPs) using microwave-mediated methodology and physiochemically characterised and evaluated its anticancer potential. According to UV–visible spectroscopy, S-AgNPs exhibited a maximum absorption peak at a wavelength of 420 nm. DLS analysis revealed that S-AgNPs have an average diameter of around 133.8 ± 10 nm. HR-TEM analysis confirms the spherical morphology of S-AgNPs. Further, the anticancer effect of S-AgNPs was validated using A459 lung cancer cells by in vitro cell interaction tests such as the MTT assay, staining assay, and flow cytometry assay. The IC50 value of S-AgNPs against A549 cells was 30 μg ml−1, and Calcein-EtBr and Annexin V/PI staining results confirm the presence of apoptotic cells after treatment S-AgNPs. Hence, biosynthesized S-AgNPs can play a vital role in developing anticancer drugs for cancer treatment.

Preparation and Characterization of Silver Sulfide Nanoparticle (Ag2S)-Coated Chitosan for the Delivery Of Methotrexate

Background: The preparation of nanoparticles with the efficiency of treatment and diagnosis at the same time has received more and more attention in recent years. Metal nanoparticles are one of the best candidates for this purpose. Methods: Silver sulfide nanoparticle (Ag2S) coated with chitosan was synthesized and then methotrexate was loaded, and then the anticancer property of the synthesized nanoparticles was examined on the cancer cells. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using DLS, TEM, FTIR, XRD and UV-Vis techniques. Then, the hemolytic activity of synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated using human red blood cells. Finally, the anticancer effect of synthesized nanoparticles on 4T1 cancer cells was investigated. In this study, Ag2S@CS nanoparticles were synthesized using the mineralization method. Next, methotrexate was loaded in the synthesized nanoparticles. Ag2S@CS-MTX nanoparticles have an average size of approximately 24.02 ± 6.5 nm, with a spherical shape. Results: The synthesized nanoparticles showed a hydrodynamic size of 119.9 nm. The size obtained from DLS analysis is slightly larger than the size obtained from TEM analysis for Ag2S@CS- MTX nanoparticles. Ag2S@CS-MTX nanoparticles have a negative surface charge and tend to repel each other, so they do not show a tendency to aggregate, for this reason it can provide colloidal stability. Conclusion: Examining the toxicity effect of synthesized nanoparticles on 4T1 cell line showed that Ag2S@CS nanoparticles had no significant toxicity effect on 4T1 cell line, but Ag2S@CS- MTX system showed significant toxicity with increasing concentration.