Diwaniyah City Research Articles

Improve the Growth and Yield of Figs by Foliar Nutrition at Post-Harvest

A factorial experiment was carried out by spraying the fig (Ficus carica L.) trees cv. Aswad Diyala at post-harvest in the 2014 and 2015 seasons, in one orchards of Diwaniyah city/ Iraq, with two liquid fertilizers: Azomin and Prosol at 3 levels (0, 3 and 6) g.l-1 and (0, 2 and 4) g.l-1, respectively. The results showed that third level of both fertilizers gave The widest leaf area:{(5.53, 6.42) and (5.52 , 6.38)}m2.tree-1, highest leaf content of chlorophyll{(131.63 ,132.55), (132.63 , 130.93)}mg.100g-1more N percent of leaf {(2.12 , 2.11) ,(2.31, 2.34)}%, highest carbohydrates percent of leaf {(14.65 , 15.10) , (14.83, 15.02)}%, for compounds and seasons, respectively. As for the crop that took place in the 2015 and 2016 seasons gave the highest yield{(20.50, 21.66) (20.80, 21.30)}kg.tree-1, most level of K in the fruit{(280.10, 272.70), (292.40, 288.10)}mg.100g-1 and highest content of anthocyanin{(512.10, 519.90), (482.90, 494.50)} mg.100g-1. There was a significant interaction between the experimental factors, which reached a peak in the third level, in the leaf area in the 2014 and 2015 seasons (5.85 and 6.86) m2.tree-1, and the anthocyanin in the 2015 and 2016 seasons in fruit (518.20 and 534.80) mg.100g-1, respectively.
 It can be concluded that the post-harvest spraying of Aswad Diyala cv., with the, Azomin and Prosol at the levels of 6 and 4g.l-1, respectively, gave the best results

Heavy metals characteristics of settled particles of streets dust from Diwaniyah City- Qadisiyah Governorate - Southern Iraq

Road-side dust samples were collected from selected areas of Diwaniyah city-Qadisiyah Governorate - Southern Iraq. The heavy metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) in these streets dust samples were studied and used as indicator for pollution by using three of main indices (I-geo, CF, and PLI). Determination of heavy metal in the roadside dust is with XRD and XRF methods. I-geo for Co, Zn, Pb, and Ni in the studied sites shows relative values of class 1, which indicated the slightly polluted, while I-geo for Fe and Cu shows relative values of class 0, which indicated no pollution. The contamination factor for Co, Zn, Pb, and Ni classified as class 2, which indicate moderately contamination, while the contamination factor for Fe and Cu classified as class 1, which indicate low contamination. PLI values in the all of studied sites classified as class 2 (Deterioration on site quality) indicating local pollution, as well as denote perfection with (class 0) of no pollution. The distribution pattern of metals percentages was affected by gases emitted from transportation vehicles as well as the prevailing wind direction.

Patterns of acute poisoning among children admitted tomaternity and children,teaching hospital,Al Diwaniyah city,Iraq

Acute poisoning,a common pediatric emergency,is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in children,especially in developing countries. The patterns of poisoning usually differ from country to country and from province to another within the same country.The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of acute chemical and drug poisoning cases admitted to the emergency department (ED)of maternity and children,teaching hospital in Al- Diwaniyah city and to compare poisoning characteristics between different age groupsin the region. A review of medical records of 125 poisoningcases under 7 years of age, except for cases of food poisoning,snake bite,scorpion stings and cases with incomplete data were not included in this study,presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) during 2016 were determined.The mean age of all poisoned patients (mean ± standard deviation) was 2.26 ± 0.750.One hundred and twenty five children,forming 2.2% (125/5494) of total emergency unit admissions of all patients,were under seven years of age. Slightly more boys 71 (56.8%) than girls 54 (43.2%) were intoxicated with the male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The majority of all cases were due to accidental poisoning. In patients younger than one year of age 23 (18.4%),of all poisonings were due to therapeutically error,1 – 3 year 47 (37.6%),4 – 7 year 55 (44%). Chemical agents (58.4%) mostly kerosene (30.1%),agriculturalpesticides/insecticides (19.1%),were the most frequent offending agent,followed by drugs comprised (41.6%),mostly due to Cold and cough medication (15.3%),The vast majority of these materials was stored in non-original containers,These drugs were available at home,being used either by the child or the parents and grandparents.The most common route of poisoning was ingestion of the poison (118 patients; 94.4%) and most were ingested inside the house (73.6%). No deaths were reported. There were obvious seasonal variations and most cases were admitted during in summer (42.4%) and spring (29.6%). Patients from rural areas (57.6%) were more than the patients from the urban areas (42.4%). Effective health promotional programs for parents regarding poisoning hazards are needed to increase the awareness and reduce the incidence of poisoning among children in our region in addition correct dealing with the chemical materials. A relationship exists between the parents’ level of education and the occurrence of pediatric poisoning particularly mothers. Since the level of education in this study was lower in the mothers and for mothers are those Who take primary care of children at home; they should be educated regarding care and prevention of lethal injuries to their children at home.

Effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in improving of nocturnal enuresis in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy

Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is an old & common childhood condition. It has been found that,there is a relationship between adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children & nocturnal enuresis. This study was conducted to see the effects of adenotonsillectomy on nocturnal enuresis in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.This study was conducted in Diwaniyah teaching hospital,Diwaniyah city,Iraq from May 2012 to August 2014. The total number of children admitted for adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy alone were 287. 76 children out of the total number were included in the study. The children were followed by the same questionnaire for four months postoperatively,including,age,the number of night bed wettings,type of enuresis and the results of urine examinationof total 287 children who were submitted for surgery,76 children were eligible for the study,48 (63.16%) of the total number included in the study were males and 28 (36.84%) were females. The mean age was 7.2 years. Adenotonsillectomy was performed in 64 children,and tonsillectomy in12 children. A complete improvement of nocturnal enuresis (NE) & daytime incontinence was achieved in 32 (42.11%) children. A mild to moderateimprovement was observed in 38 (50%),while no improvement seen in the remaining 6 (7.89%) children postoperatively.Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is an old & common childhood condition & there is a relation between nocturnal enuresis in children & adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Children with nocturnal enuresis should be evaluated by ENT surgeon to rule out any adenotonsillar hypertrophy for possible adenotonsillectomy effect. However,a wide base studies are needed to clarify these results.

Patterns of acute poisoning among children admitted tomaternity and children,teaching hospital,Al Diwaniyah city,Iraq

Acute poisoning,a common pediatric emergency,is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in children,especially in developing countries. The patterns of poisoning usually differ from country to country and from province to another within the same country.The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of acute chemical and drug poisoning.cases admitted to the emergency department (ED)ofmaternity and children,teaching hospital in Al- Diwaniyah city and to compare poisoning characteristics between different age groupsin the region. A review of medical records of 125 poisoningcases under 7 years of age, except for cases of food poisoning,snake bite,scorpion stings and cases with incomplete data were not included in this study,presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) during 2016 were determined.The mean age of all poisoned patients (mean ± standard deviation) was 2.26 ± 0.750.One hundred and twenty five children,forming 2.2% (125/5494) of total emergency unit admissions of all patients,were under seven years of age. Slightly more boys 71 (56.8%) than girls 54 (43.2%) were intoxicated with the male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The majority of all cases were due to accidental poisoning. In patients younger than one year of age 23 (18.4%),of all poisonings were due to therapeutically error,1 – 3 year 47 (37.6%),4 – 7 year 55 (44%). Chemical agents (58.4%) mostly kerosene (30.1%),agriculturalpesticides/insecticides (19.1%),were the most frequent offending agent,followed by drugs comprised (41.6%),mostly due to Cold and cough medication (15.3%),The vast majority of these materials was stored in non-original containers,These drugs were available at home,being used either by the child or the parents and grandparents.The most common route of poisoning was ingestion of the poison (118 patients; 94.4%) and most were ingested inside the house (73.6%). No deaths were reported.There were obvious seasonal variations and most cases were admitted during in summer (42.4%) and spring (29.6%). Patients from rural areas (57.6%) were more than the patients from the urban areas (42.4%). Effective health promotional programs for parents regarding poisoning hazards are needed to increase the awareness and reduce the incidence of poisoning among children in our region in addition correct dealing with the chemical materials. A relationship exists between the parents’ level of education and the occurrence of pediatric poisoning particularly mothers. Since the level of education in this study was lower in the mothers and for mothers are those who take primary care of children at home; they should be educated regarding care and prevention of lethal injuries to their children at home.

IDENTIFYING OF HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS AND ITS PHENOTYPE AS A CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN

Objectives: The present investigational study was aimed to detect and identify the genotypes of Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and its phylogeny with respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) that cause pulmonary inflammation.Material and Methods: A total of 250 samples of patients who were clinically diagnosed respiratory tract illness were collected from Maternity and Children Hospital in Al Diwaniyah city, Iraq. The clinical samples were nasopharyngeal, nasal and throat swabs. The current study screened the presence of hMPV and RSV (A and B) genotypes from nasopharyngeal specimens of children aged from several days to 10 years old.Results: The results revealed that 6% were infected with hMPV, 8% of respiratory syncytial viruses type A (RSV-A) and 14% of respiratory syncytial virus’s type B (RSV-B) from children who are suffering from respiratory illness. Phylogenetic tree analysis of hMPV based on the partial sequences of the fusion protein (F) gene was used for genotyping and detection. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using maximum likelihood tree method in MEGA 6.0 version. The local hMPV isolates (S1) were closely related to NCBI-Blast hMPV genotype A1 (KM408076.1), the local hMPV isolates (S2, S3, and S5) were closely related to NCBI-Blast hMPV genotype B1 (KJ196323.1), and the local hMPV isolates (S4) were closely related to NCBI-Blast hMPV genotype B2 (JQ041689.1).Conclusions: The prevalence rate of hMPV is less than RSV, and both subtypes of hMPV, A and B may exist and circulate in one season, and the predominant sublineage of hMPV shifts in progressive season.

HIGH ALTITUDE PLATFORM STATIONS IN DESIGN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR COVER THE SPECIFIC AREA

This paper explains how to design a wireless communication system via high altitude platform stations HAPS to cover the specific area (Using Diwaniyah city area as a model). High altitude platform station HAPS is unmanned airplane provides the wireless communication service to the wider area. It is designed to work at high altitude between (17-22 Km) and coverage area 400 Km. This study illustrated for calculating the co-channel interference between HAPS ground station with a terrestrial station and satellite station. Free space losses for a HAPS ground station has been applied to meet the geographic of Diwaniyah city. In addition, explaining the relationship between elevation angles with the radius of the coverage area. Interference mitigation techniques have been given, such as improving the antenna radiation pattern, then it proposed the elevation angle for the HAPS's ground stations to reduce an interference between HAPS network with Fixed Service (FS) and fixed satellite service (FSS). Finally, this study explains the relationship between elevation angles with the radius of the coverage area. For more reliability, the Scenario for covers the city of Diwaniya. Two ground stations have been proposed to connect with high-altitude platform station.

Incidence and causes of emergency cesarean sections in Diwaniyah city

In Diwanyah city more than 30 % of women admitted for labor in Diwanyah maternity teaching hospital between January 2013 and January 2014 delivered by cesarean section , the rate of cesarean section is high in Diwanyah city & is increasing in other cities of Iraq , it is also increasing all over the world including the developing & developed countries

Curing of plasmid contents of Proteus spp. isolated from urinary tract infections in AL- Diwaniyah city

This study included isolation and identification of Proteus spp . from urinary tract infections of Gynecology and padiatrics Hospital teaching in Diwaniyah cityand investigated the virulence factors connected with pathogenicity of this bacteria. It aims also at curing of plasmid contact by means of using some chemical materials. The bacteria Proteus spp. Isolates formed 16% which belong P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris from bacterial causes of urinary tract infection in children. The isolates of this bacteria has some physiological characteristics which represent virulence factors related to the ability of bacteria to make infection . It seems that 80% from these isolates were capable to Haemagglutination of RBCs . These isolates produce also Haemolysine enzyme. It was found that percentage of production was 60% . As for Blactamase enzyme production 40% of these bacteria isolates showed ability to produce his enzyme. Moreover, only 20% from Proteus isolates showed ability to produce bacteriocin production. All these isolates were not able to produce capsule production. When testing the resistance of Proteus isolates toward 8 different commonly used antibiotics in treatment of urinary tract infection, results showed that the isolates have different resistance depending on the type of antibiotic and the strain of the isolates. All these isolates were completely resistance Nitrofurantion in 100% while the least resistance toward Nalidixic acid and Gentamicin reached 20% for both. The results showed that there were DNA plasmid in 3 bacteria isolates but there was no relationship between the plasmid bands and resistance toward antibiotics. The P. mirabilis isolate which contained 4 plasmid bands was treated with SDS and Ethidiun bromide in an attempt to curing plasmid bands. The result showed that this isolate lost the ability to produce the majority of virulence factors that caused this disease and lost its resistance for som antibiotics especially Nalidix acid , Ampicillin and Choramphenicol. The ethidium bromide was the most effective in curing process since the resultant strain aest all plasmid bands.

Azithromycin: Is it a favorable alternative therapeutic option against salmonella species ?

Background: For decades chloramphenicol has been highly effective against S. typhi and S.paratyphyi . However the known hematological side effects of chloramphenicol and the widespread emergence of multiple drug resistance (MDR) to S. typhi has necessitated the search for other therapeutic options .Aim of study: To compare between azithromycin and chloramphenicol as antimicrobial drugs for isolated salmonella speciesMaterials and Methods: 65 isolates of salmonella spp. was collected by performing blood culture and stool culture for suspected patients with history of typhoid fever and diarrhea at Maternity and Child teaching Hospital in Diwaniyah city. For each isolates antimicrobial susceptibilities for azothromycin and chloramphenicol were determined by Disk diffusion methods.In addition, a broth dilution tests for azithromycin were performed by using serial dilution of concentrations ranging from 4- 32 mg\ liter to record the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for azithromycin .Results: The isolated salmonella species are high susceptible of to azithromycin in comparison to chloramphenicol with lower MIC.Conclusion: though it needs further clinical studies, azithromycin seems to be a suitable therapeutic option for the treatment of typhoid fever in children as well as in adult.

Economic Analysis for Establishment of the Intersection in Diwaniyah City Depending on the Parameters of Economic Growth, Traffic and the Level of Service According to the Principle of Build, Operate and Transfer ( B.O.T ) Investment

Economic Analysis for Establishment of the Intersection in Diwaniyah City Depending on the Parameters of Economic Growth, Traffic and the Level of Service According to the Principle of Build, Operate and Transfer ( B.O.T ) Investment