Divorced Women Research Articles

Social Adjustment of Divorced Women: A Study of District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan

In recent decades, there is a significant increase in divorce rates throughout the world and particularly in poor and developing countries like Pakistan. In Pakistani society due to patriarchy, socio-cultural and religious reasons divorce is considered a taboo, which creates many long-lasting distresses for women in their social adjustment after the divorce. Therefore, the Social adjustment of divorced women is a social problem that raises many social and cultural questions in Pakistani society. The study is an attempt to find out the causes of divorce and to explore the social adjustment of divorced women in Pakistani society. Moreover, the influence of divorce on the personal lives of women and families is also comprehended. For this exploratory research snowball, a sampling technique is used to approach the respondents. In-depth interviews are conducted to collect the data. The thematic analysis is used to explore the phenomena. This research provides valuable insights into the reasons for divorce and the challenges faced by divorced women in their social adjustment in Pakistan. The research highlights the importance of societal support, acceptance and the socio-economic factors leading to divorce. Addressing the mentioned factors can promote healthier relationships and well-being among families.

Understanding living alone among the young- and middle-aged in China (1990-2010): A gender perspective

ABSTRACT Living alone is becoming a noticeable living arrangement in China. A growing body of literature documented the transformations of the Chinese family structure. However, research on the relatively new household structure of living alone, with a focus solely on the young- and middle-aged, is limited. This article used China’s 1990, 2000, and 2010 census microdata to analyze how marital status, migration status, and education level were associated with living alone behavior among the young- and middle-aged. A gender perspective was involved in the entire analyses. We found that singlehood, migration, and education were all combined with gender and woven into a picture depicting the Chinese living alone during 1990–2010. Never married rural men (since 2000) and all divorced women have a relatively higher risk of living alone; mobility was more likely to bring about living alone for rural-hukou holders than urban-hukou holders. Decomposition analyses revealed that the increase in living alone of the young- and middle-aged was mainly driven by changes in migration and marital status, with changes in educational level playing a particularly important role in the rise of women living alone. In conclusion, unlike the observed pattern of living alone in the West, living alone in China is highly gendered and embodied in a rural-urban dual institution.

The portrayal of women in Jordanian proverbial expressions: A thematic analysis

Abstract Proverbial expressions are linguistic elements that represent the images and values of a society. This study examines the portrayal of women in Jordanian proverbial expressions. It attempts to answer the following question: How are women portrayed in Jordanian folk proverbs? To this end, seventy-eight Jordanian proverbs related to women were collected through interviews and from published folklore books. Employing thematic analysis, the data were classified into eight categories, namely, women as wives, unmarried women, women as mothers, women as daughters, widowed women, divorced women, women as relatives-in-law and women in general. The analysis also shows that women are represented both negatively and positively in all categories. However, the negative image of women depicted in the proverbs exceeds the positive one. Based on the conclusions, some future research was suggested.

Childbearing Trajectories in a West African Setting: A Sequence Analysis Approach

The lagging fertility transition in West Africa has important repercussions for global population growth but remains poorly understood. Inspired by Caldwell and colleagues' fertility transition framework, as well as by subsequent research, we examine diversity in women's holistic childbearing trajectories in Niakhar, Senegal, between the early 1960s and 2018 using a sequence analysis approach. We evaluate the prevalence of different trajectories, their contribution to overall fertility levels, and their association with women's socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Four trajectories were observed: “high fertility,” “delayed entry,” “truncated,” and “short.” While the high fertility trajectory was most prevalent across cohorts, delayed entry grew in importance. The high fertility trajectory was more common among women born between 1960 and 1969 and was followed less often by divorced women and those from polygynous households. Women with primary education and those from higher status groups were more likely to experience delayed entry. The truncated trajectory was associated with lack of economic wealth, polygynous households, and caste membership. A short trajectory was related to lack of agropastoral wealth, divorce, and possibly secondary sterility. Our study advances knowledge on fertility transitions in Niakhar—and Sahelian West African contexts more generally—by showing the diversity of childbearing trajectories within high fertility regional contexts.

A study of prevalence and comparison of anxiety and depression among separated, divorced and widowed females in the rural population

Abstract Background: Psychological distress is an important immediate outcome of the death of a spouse or divorce, which may arise because of financial and emotional challenges and can lead to adverse health outcomes with more stress, anxiety, depression, and social isolation than the general population. Methods: Cross-sectional study among separated, divorced, and widowed females from two rural villages. All eligible participants were screened for depression and anxiety using DSM 5 criteria. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and for anxiety, the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAM-A) was used. Results: Out of 162 women, 30% had mild depression whereas 42% of widow and divorced women had moderate levels of depression but it is in 50% of separated women. Severe and very severe level of depression was in around 20% of widowed and divorced women compared to 16% of separated women. There was no anxiety in around 80% of divorced and widowed women whereas 24.3% of separated women had severe anxiety. On regression analysis, separated women, dependent women, and those with less than two years of duration of separation had higher levels of depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The prevalence of Depression and Anxiety is more common in all three groups. Moderate to severe Depression is around 75% among divorced/separated and widowed females but moderate to severe anxiety was more in separated women compared to widowed women. Dependency and the early phase of widowhood/separation were also important associated factors.

Psychological Adjustment among Divorced Women

The A marriage that ends in divorce will have a physical, mental, and social impact on women. Psychological adjustment can be observed through the behavior that the woman manifests after the divorce phase. Women's failure to cope with stress after divorce also affects other family members, especially children. Thus, the objective of the study was to identify psychological adjustment among divorced women in Kuala Terengganu. A total of five respondents were interviewed, women aged 20 to 40 years old, having a divorce period of more than two years and are members of ‘Persatuan Kebajikan Ibu-Ibu & Ibu Tunggal Terengganu’ (PERKIBUT). The data obtained were analyzed using Nvivo 12 intelligence. The results showed that most of the respondents were able to adapt well due to the existence of a good social support system to survive and maintain harmony in the family. Strategies to improve women's psychological well-being are of particular importance to women's empowerment in terms of response skills and social support systems.

الأمن النفسي والوحدة النفسية لدى النساء (الأرامل والمطلقات): دراسة مقارنة

Study aimed to reveal psychological security and its relationship to psychological loneliness of widows and divorced, according to variables (housing pattern, work, age). To achieve study objectives, scale developed to measure psychological security and psychological lonelines, study sample consisted (300) widows (200) divorced, who chosen by available method. Study results showed: there are differences on psychological security scale due to work variable (for widows, divorced), in favor of working women, and differences due to housing patterns, in favor of widows with independent housing. results showed: there were differences on psychological loneliness scale due to work variable, in favor of non-working (widows, divorced women), and differences due to age variable of widows woman, in favor of same age group (25-44). And there is inverse relationship between psychological security and psychological loneliness. study recommended preparing more educational programs to alleviate psychological loneliness. هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن الأمن النفسي وعلاقته بالوحدة النفسية لدى الأرامل والمطلقات تبعا لمتغيرات (نمط السكن، العمل، العمر)، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تطوير مقياس لقياس الأمن النفسي ومقياس لقياس الوحدة النفسية. تكونت عينة الدراسة من (300) أرملة، و(200) مطلقة، تم اختيارهن بالطريقة المتيسرة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن هناك فروق على مقياس الأمن النفسي تعزى إلى متغير العمل (للأرامل والمطلقات)، وذلك لصالح المرأة العاملة وفروق تعزى لنمط السكن، وذلك لصالح الأرملة ذات السكن المستقل. وأظهرت النتائج أن هناك فروقاً على مقياس الوحدة النفسية تعزى الى متغير العمل، وذلك لصالح (الأرامل والمطلقات) غير العاملات، وفروقاً تعزى إلى متغير العمر للمرأة الأرملة، وذلك لصالح ذات الفئة العمرية (25-44). وأن هناك علاقة عكسية بين الأمن النفسي والوحدة النفسية. وأوصت الدراسة بإعداد مزيد من البرامج التثقيفية للتخفيف من الوحدة النفسية.

HARMONISASI HUKUM MENENTUKAN MASA IDDAH BAGI WANITA CERAI DI LUAR PENGADILAN MENURUT KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM FIQH

Legal harmonization determining the iddah period for divorced women outside of court between Law No. 1 of 1974 and the Compilation of Islamic Law is still an unresolved issue in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the differences and similarities between the two laws, as well as provide recommendations on the proper harmonization of laws for divorced women outside the court. This study uses comparative analysis methods and interviews with Islamic jurists. The results of the study show that there are differences in determining the iddah period between the two laws, and the proper harmonization of law by enforcing Islamic law that is in line with the social and cultural context of Indonesian society. It is hoped that the results of this research can become input for legislators and the public in formulating legal policies that are fair and in accordance with Islamic teachings and the social context in Indonesia.

Emotion-focused group counseling with Turkish divorced women: a mixed design study

Emotion-focused group counseling with Turkish divorced women: a mixed design study

THE WOMEN'S RIGHTS POST-DIVORCE: ASSESING THE ROLES OF RELIGIOUS COUNSELORS AND COMMUNITY LEADERS IN PAREPARE

This study focuses on three issues: the description of the fulfillment of post-divorce women's rights in Parepare City, the role of religious counselors in socializing post-divorce women's rights in Parepare City, and the role of community leaders in educating the public about the fulfillment of post-divorce women's rights in Parepare City. This is qualitative research with a normative legal orientation. Research findings indicate a Summary of fulfillment rights Post-divorce women in Parepare City have not obtained their maximum entitlements. This is evidenced by the fact that several divorced and widowed women who have been divorced by their spouses still have not fully acquired their rights. The absence of counseling materials related to post-divorce women's rights issues indicates that the function of religious instructors in socializing post-divorce women's rights in Parepare City has not been carried out effectively. In Parepare City, the role of community leaders in educating the community about women's rights post-divorce has been fulfilled; however, the provision of material related to women's rights post-divorce was not made explicit and the syllabus was not systematically compiled. Although, within the jurisdiction of the Parepare Religious Court, judges ex officio have conferred women's rights after a divorce, the judge's decision is considered null and void because judges do not have the authority to carry out their decisions in the Religious Courts.

The complex role of the community in the determination of well-being and hope among divorced Muslim women.

Based on social capital theory, in the current study, we examined the contribution of background variables (education and living with/without parents), a personal resource (religiosity), and two communal resources (a sense of community, and both positive and negative societal conditional regard) to the well-being and hope of divorced women from the Muslim community in Israel. The study included 125 women between the ages of 20 and 60 (M = 36, SD = 9.10). A path analysis model indicated a sense of community as a protective factor that directly contributed to well-being and hope and also mediated positively between education and religiosity and between well-being and hope. However, societal conditional negative regard (SCNR) made a negative contribution to well-being and hope, both directly and indirectly via the sense of community. In the discussion, we highlight the conflict experienced by Muslim divorced women: between remaining part of the Muslim community and undergoing SCNR.

The aftermath of the Syrian crisis: a glimpse of the challenging life of widowed and divorced refugee women in Jordan

Purpose This study aims to address the social, cultural, financial and psychological obstacles these women face in preserving their living arrangements and in parenting as well as the coping mechanisms women adopt to overcome everyday challenges. Researchers used qualitative methodology and interviews to fulfill the aims. Design/methodology/approach Researchers used qualitative methodology and interviews to fulfill the aims. The sample consists of 20 Syrians living in Jordan’s Amman, Irbid and Al Ramtha in specially designed compounds for them (14 widows and 6 divorcees). Findings This study’s findings demonstrate that social and cultural norms existing in Jordan and Syria are generally similar, in which women view the males in the family as a source of socioeconomic and emotional stability for them. Widows and divorcees face serious sociocultural, financial and psychological challenges in maintaining their living conditions and the integration process as well as performing single parenting. Faith and social connections represent an important part of coping with the situation in the short term; nevertheless, financial and psychological support seems a vital component in the long term. Research on the conditions of widows and divorcees provides evidence to comprehensively approach the issue of “vulnerabilities” in the humanitarian-policy programming targeting refugees. Theoretically, the findings may provide empirical insights for discussions around women’s changing identities through displacement, agency and empowerment in relation to parenting experiences. Originality/value The lived experience of widowhood and divorce among Syrian is understudied, while their resilience strategies are less known. To fill these gaps, this study focuses on Syrian refugee widows and divorcees who are raising their children in specially designated compounds in Jordan and the difficulties they face on social, economic and emotional levels. Besides its originality in providing empirical material about challenges Syrian women faced, our study contributes to better understand women's claims for agency and empowerment as a part of identity changes.

Violence against Women—The Case of Divorced Palestinian-Arab women in Israel

Abstract Focusing on divorced Palestinian-Arab women in Israel, this study aims to provide a nuanced examination of the different types of violence (physical, mental, and economic) these women experience from their ex-partners or relatives. The study emphasizes the presence in extreme cases of ex-partner violence ending in murder, recontextualizing crimes associated with so-called honor or tradition. The findings are based on interviews with thirty-five divorced women. The study also relies on a secondary analysis of data extrapolated from media surveillance. The findings indicate that a supportive institutional network is necessary to serve as a protective shield for women from minority communities who remain vulnerable when legislation and policy is detached from their civic status and their cultural context.

The compassionate type? Personality, self‐compassion, and postdivorce adjustment among Iranian women

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether the association between the Big Five personality dimensions and postdivorce adjustment (PDA) was mediated by Neff's concept of self‐compassion.BackgroundResearch on marital psychology suggests that multiple psychological factors are associated with PDA. However, the mechanisms by which these factors affect PDA have received much less attention. Accordingly, in the current study, the potential mediation effect of self‐compassion was investigated. Cultural context of PDA is considered.MethodA total of 334 divorced Iranian women took part in the study. Participants completed a sociodemographic survey, including the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), the Self‐Compassion Scale–Short Form (SCS‐SF), and Fisher's Divorce Adjustment Scale (FDAS).ResultsCorrelational analyses and structural equation modeling showed a significant positive association of self‐compassion with self‐reported measures of the positive factors of PDA (feeling of self‐worth, disentanglement from love relationships, social self‐worth, and rebuilding social trust), and the personality traits of emotional stability, extraversion, and conscientiousness. There also was a significant negative association with the negative factors of PDA (symptoms of grief and feeling of self‐anger) and the personality traits of agreeableness, and openness to experience. Self‐compassion significantly predicted variation in positive psychological health beyond that attributable to personality; it partially mediated the relationship between personality and postdivorce adjustment.ConclusionsPersonality appears to relate to postdivorce adjustment through self‐compassion. The role of Iranian cultural characteristics in perceiving the magnitude of stress resulting from divorce, and postdivorce adjustment is discussed.ImplicationsEnhancing self‐compassion among divorced Iranian women seems to be a worthwhile approach to divorce counseling.

The Effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy on Quality of Life and Emotional Regulation in Divorced Women in Zarrinshahr City

Aim: Today, considering the growing divorce and its consequences in society, it is important to examine it in different aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of narrative medical exposure on quality of life and emotional regulation of divorced women in zarrinshahr city (Iran).
 Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all divorced women of Zarrinshahr Relief Committee. A sample of 30 women under the Imam Khomeini Relief Organization was selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 subjects) and control (n = 15). Data were gathered in two stages: pre-test and post-test. World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Group of Experts of the World Health Organization (1996) and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Gross, et al., 2003) were used. The experimental group received 7 days of treatment and 90 minute treatment group (NET); while the control group received no intervention. The collected data were analyzed using univariate covariance (ANCOVA) and analyzed by SPSS-23 software.
 Findings: The results showed that after controlling the effects of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the post-test scores of the two groups in the dimensions of physical health (F = 369.965; P <0.001), mental health (F = 75.457; P <0.000), Social health (F = 52.905; P <0.003) and environmental health (F = 320.321; P <0.001) and dimensions of cognitive reassessment (F = 260.901; P <0.001) and subduction (1/359; F= P> 0.005).
 Conclusion: The results of this study show that oral exposure can be a suitable health plan for improving the quality of life and emotional problems of divorced women.

Psychiatric disorders in women hospitalized at the arrazi psychiatric hospital

IntroductionWomen get hospitalized for various serious mental disorders that are gender specific, half of them married with children, the other half single\divorced women stigmatized and marginalized in our society.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to describe mentally ill women admitted into the psychiatric hospital, socio demographically and clinically, highlighting differences, specificities and multiple roles distress deviate with the course of disorder.MethodsThis is a prospective cross-sectional study involving 50 patients admitted to Ar-razi Psychiatric HospitalResultsThe average age is 39years, 41% of them are single, with a low educational level (primary school). 77% of our women are from the urban region, 59% are jobless. 19% of patients in our study have positive family history, 65% of them suffered from schizophrenia. 65% of patients are admitted for schizophrenia, followed by bipolar I disorder 22%, MDD is only represented by 10%. 25% of inpatients deal with a toxic habit, 18,5% abuse nicotine and only one woman have tried quitting. Suicide attempts are closely linked to major depressive episodes of MDD and BID, in patients were already under a combination of antidepressants and anxiolytics for at least 3 months. Psychotic features are observed in most of admitted disorders, 80% in BIP and 64% in MDD. According to HAMILTON-DEPRESSION 62,9% of women are admitted for a severe depressive episode, 30% present anxiety comorbidity and a history of CBT sessions months prior hospitalization.ConclusionsShading the light into admitted women in psychiatry and deciphering specific demographic, clinical and therapeutic features may improve the global care system and women’s adherence to treatment and follow up.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Determinants of time to first marriage and birth intervals among women of child bearing age in Dabat Health and demographic surveillance system site, Northwest Ethiopia.

Event histories such as marriage and birth have been used to study fertility behavior of women. Understanding the timing of these events provide insight to reproductive patterns of the population. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the timing of marriage and durations of birth intervals and their associated factors, and and to examine their effects on the current fertility among women in Dabat health and demographic surveillance system site, Northwest Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional survey was carried out in the beginning of 2020 among 1649 women of reproductive age group. Data were collected using structured and interviewer administered questionnaire. The parametric survival analysis was employed to estimate the relationships among socioeconomic and demographic variables with outcome variables, the timing of age at first marriage and duration of birth intervals. This study confirmed that median age at first marriage was the lowest estimated at 15 years which was below the national and regional average. The result of the study also revealed that married women waited almost a median duration of three years for their first, second, third and fourth child which was increased to nearly four years for three years preceding the survey. The parametric survival analysis showed woman's education, occupation, and current age were the predictors of age at first marriage. divorce experience, women empowerment and marriage cohort were the determinant factors of first birth interval; women education, child death, and ideal number of children were the predictors of second and third birth intervals; and media exposure and child death experience of women were predictors of fourth birth interval. The study indicated that median age at first marriage was the lowest though the successive birth intervals were longer. The survival analysis identified women's education, occupation, child death and ideal number of children affected the timing of age at first marriage and duration of birth intervals. Hence, encouraging women for higher education and giving opportunity to women in employments may contribute for delaying age at first marriage and increasing the duration of birth intervals which in turn slowing down the fertility of women.

Posttraumatic Growth and Subjective Well-Being in Men and Women after Divorce: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Self-Esteem

Prior research has mainly examined non-adaptive responses to divorce, with less attention being paid to positive changes following the adversity of marital dissolution, especially posttraumatic growth and its consequences. The aim of this paper was to analyse the relationship between posttraumatic growth and subjective well-being, as well as the mediating and moderating role of self-esteem in this relationship among divorced men and women. The sample consisted of 209 divorcees (143 females, 66 males) aged 23-80 (M = 41.97, SD = 10.72). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were used in the study. Positive associations between overall posttraumatic growth, specific growth dimensions, subjective well-being and self-esteem were found. Self-esteem was confirmed as a mediator in the relationships between changes in perception of self and subjective well-being (SWB), between changes in relating to others and SWB and between appreciation for life and SWB. Self-esteem moderated the association between spiritual changes and subjective well-being; namely, changes in spirituality were positively related to happiness in individuals with lower and average self-esteem but not with high self-esteem. We found no differences between women and men in the obtained results. Self-esteem might be considered a possible psychological (mediating rather than moderating) mechanism in the transmission of PTG onto SWB in divorcees, regardless of their gender.

Problem of Determining Past Income for Children in Court the Decisions

The data obtained were then analyzed using the content analysis method. Decision Religious shows that the legal basis for refusing claims for māḍiyah maintenance for children in divorce is legal considerations as considered by the Supreme Court in its decision rejecting lawsuits for past maintenance for children, namely that the father's obligation to provide for his child is lil-intifā’, not lit -tamlīk, then a person's negligence fathers who do not provide for their children cannot be sued. This leads to injustice because māḍiyah maintenance is not granted to children. This will certainly be detrimental to the life and welfare of the child, who in other circumstances can become a shield for a father who neglects to provide for his child. Māḍiyah's livelihood is a form of protection for the rights of divorced women and children born during a marriage. This is in line with the verses of the Koran and hadith which talk about the obligation of a father to his wife and children to provide maintenance.

Dilematika Nafkah Madiyah Anak Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Agama Tanjungkarang Nomor 0846/Pdt.G/2015/PA.Tnk

Applications for māḍiyah maintenance or debt support, especially for children, are often rejected by the courts. This is based on the existence of jurisprudence based on the decision of the Supreme Court Number 608/K/AG/2003. One example is the decision of the Tanjungkarang Religious Court Number 0846/Pdt.G/2015/PA.Tnk. This research is normative legal research using a case approach. Sources of research data consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The data obtained were then analyzed using the content analysis method. Decision Number 0846/Pdt.G/2015/PA.Tnk. shows that the legal basis for refusing claims for māḍiyah maintenance for children in divorce is legal considerations as considered by the Supreme Court in its decision rejecting lawsuits for past maintenance for children, namely that the father's obligation to provide for his child is lil-intifāʻ, not lit-tamlīk, then a person's negligence fathers who do not provide for their children cannot be sued. This leads to injustice because māḍiyah maintenance is not granted to children. This will certainly be detrimental to the life and welfare of the child, who in other circumstances can become a shield for a father who neglects to provide for his child. Māḍiyah livelihood is a form of protection for the rights of divorced women and children born during the marriage. This is in line with the verses of the Koran and hadith which talk about the obligation of a father to his wife and children to provide maintenance. In addition, such provisions can also be found in child protection legal instruments in force in Indonesia. The law should pay more attention to the lives of children by issuing judges' decisions that are good for them so that it will close gaps for husbands or fathers who can be negligent in their obligations, and protect divorced women from a double burden.